EVI
Encyclopedia
The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) is an 'optimized' index designed to enhance the vegetation signal with improved sensitivity in high biomass regions and improved vegetation monitoring through a de-coupling of the canopy background signal and a reduction in atmosphere influences. EVI is computed following this equation:
where NIR/red/blue are atmospherically-corrected or partially atmosphere corrected (Rayleigh and ozone absorption) surface reflectances, L is the canopy background adjustment that addresses non-linear, differential NIR and red radiant transfer through a canopy, and C1, C2 are the coefficients of the aerosol resistance term, which uses the blue band to correct for aerosol influences in the red band. The coefficients adopted in the MODIS-EVI algorithm are; L=1, C1 = 6, C2 = 7.5, and G (gain factor) = 2.5.
Whereas the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
(NDVI) is chlorophyll sensitive, the EVI is more responsive to canopy structural variations, including leaf area index
(LAI), canopy type, plant physiognomy, and canopy architecture. The two VIs complement each other in global vegetation studies and improve upon the detection of vegetation changes and extraction of canopy biophysical parameters.
http://tbrs.arizona.edu/cdrom/VI_Intro/VI_MOD_VI.html.
Another difference between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
and EVI is that in the presence of snow, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
decreases, while EVI increases (Huete, 2002).
Starting 2000, and after the launch of the two [MODIS] sensors on Terra (satellite)
and Aqua (satellite)
by NASA
, EVI was adopted as a standard product by NASA and became extremely popular with users due to its ability to eliminate background and atmosphere noises, as well as its non saturation, a typical NDVI problem http://tbrs.arizona.edu/cdrom/VI_Intro/NDVI_Theo.html. EVI is currently distributed for free by the USGS LP DAAC
1. Extending the EVI back in time, using the AVHRR record. The AVHRR sensors lacks a blue band, hence using a three-band EVI version is not possible. This could potentially lead to a 30 year EVI record that complements the NDVI record.
2. The blue band has always been problematic, and its Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) quite poor. This is mainly due to the nature of the reflected energy in this part of the spectrum over land, which is extremely low.
As such, there are currently proposals to design a 2-band EVI. In designing this two-band EVI a non-physically based mathematical approach is employed. We'll call the two-band EVI EVI_2, and the three-band EVI simply EVI:
Approximate EVI by EVI2, where EVI_2=f(red,NIR)
f(red,NIR) = G*(NIR-RED)/(L+NIR+C*Red)
Find G,L, and C with G as (organic) that minimize the difference between EVI_2 and EVI
This leads to multiple (infinite) solutions but few conditions could
be imposed on the solution to generate the best coefficients.
EVI2=2.5*(NIR-Red)/(NIR+2.4*Red+1)
A linearity-adjustment factor β is proposed and coupled with the soil-adjustment factor L used in the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) to develop EVI2 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6V-4T2J18X-2&_user=56761&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059541&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=56761&md5=c7a3901caa78518fa33063bb458d82fd. EVI2 has the best similarity with the 3-band EVI, particularly when atmospheric effects are insignificant and data quality is good. EVI2 can be used for sensors without a blue band, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and may reveal different vegetation dynamics in comparison with the current AVHRR NDVI dataset.
where NIR/red/blue are atmospherically-corrected or partially atmosphere corrected (Rayleigh and ozone absorption) surface reflectances, L is the canopy background adjustment that addresses non-linear, differential NIR and red radiant transfer through a canopy, and C1, C2 are the coefficients of the aerosol resistance term, which uses the blue band to correct for aerosol influences in the red band. The coefficients adopted in the MODIS-EVI algorithm are; L=1, C1 = 6, C2 = 7.5, and G (gain factor) = 2.5.
Whereas the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is a simple graphical indicator that can be used to analyze remote sensing measurements, typically but not necessarily from a space platform, and assess whether the target being observed contains live green vegetation or not.-Brief history:The exploration...
(NDVI) is chlorophyll sensitive, the EVI is more responsive to canopy structural variations, including leaf area index
Leaf Area Index
Leaf Area Index The Global Climate Observing System defines LAI as "one half the total green leaf area per unit groundsurface area. On sloping surfaces, the LAI should be projected to the normal to the slope. LAI is expressed in terms of square meters of leaf per square meter of ground...
(LAI), canopy type, plant physiognomy, and canopy architecture. The two VIs complement each other in global vegetation studies and improve upon the detection of vegetation changes and extraction of canopy biophysical parameters.
http://tbrs.arizona.edu/cdrom/VI_Intro/VI_MOD_VI.html.
Another difference between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is a simple graphical indicator that can be used to analyze remote sensing measurements, typically but not necessarily from a space platform, and assess whether the target being observed contains live green vegetation or not.-Brief history:The exploration...
and EVI is that in the presence of snow, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is a simple graphical indicator that can be used to analyze remote sensing measurements, typically but not necessarily from a space platform, and assess whether the target being observed contains live green vegetation or not.-Brief history:The exploration...
decreases, while EVI increases (Huete, 2002).
Starting 2000, and after the launch of the two [MODIS] sensors on Terra (satellite)
Terra (satellite)
Terra is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit around the Earth. It is the flagship of the Earth Observing System...
and Aqua (satellite)
Aqua (satellite)
Aqua is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in orbit around the Earth, studying the precipitation, evaporation, and cycling of water. It is the second major component of the Earth Observing System preceded by Terra and followed by Aura .The name "Aqua" comes from the Latin word...
by NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
, EVI was adopted as a standard product by NASA and became extremely popular with users due to its ability to eliminate background and atmosphere noises, as well as its non saturation, a typical NDVI problem http://tbrs.arizona.edu/cdrom/VI_Intro/NDVI_Theo.html. EVI is currently distributed for free by the USGS LP DAAC
Two-band EVI
Two reasons drive the search for a two-band EVI:1. Extending the EVI back in time, using the AVHRR record. The AVHRR sensors lacks a blue band, hence using a three-band EVI version is not possible. This could potentially lead to a 30 year EVI record that complements the NDVI record.
2. The blue band has always been problematic, and its Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) quite poor. This is mainly due to the nature of the reflected energy in this part of the spectrum over land, which is extremely low.
As such, there are currently proposals to design a 2-band EVI. In designing this two-band EVI a non-physically based mathematical approach is employed. We'll call the two-band EVI EVI_2, and the three-band EVI simply EVI:
Approximate EVI by EVI2, where EVI_2=f(red,NIR)
f(red,NIR) = G*(NIR-RED)/(L+NIR+C*Red)
Find G,L, and C with G as (organic) that minimize the difference between EVI_2 and EVI
This leads to multiple (infinite) solutions but few conditions could
be imposed on the solution to generate the best coefficients.
EVI2=2.5*(NIR-Red)/(NIR+2.4*Red+1)
A linearity-adjustment factor β is proposed and coupled with the soil-adjustment factor L used in the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) to develop EVI2 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6V-4T2J18X-2&_user=56761&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059541&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=56761&md5=c7a3901caa78518fa33063bb458d82fd. EVI2 has the best similarity with the 3-band EVI, particularly when atmospheric effects are insignificant and data quality is good. EVI2 can be used for sensors without a blue band, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and may reveal different vegetation dynamics in comparison with the current AVHRR NDVI dataset.