Earl of Breadalbane and Holland
Encyclopedia
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
. It was created in 1681 for Sir John Campbell, 5th Baronet
John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland
John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland , son of Sir John Campbell of Glen Orchy, and of the Lady Mary Graham, daughter of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth and 7th Earl of Menteith, was a member of Scottish nobility during the Glorious Revolution and Jacobite risings and also known as...
, of Glenorchy
Glen Orchy
Glen Orchy is a long glen in Argyll and Bute in Scotland. It runs south-westerly from the Bridge of Orchy to Inverlochy following the River Orchy...
, who had previously been deprived of the title Earl of Caithness
Earl of Caithness
Earl of Caithness is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, and has a very complex history. Its first grant, in the modern sense as to have been counted in strict lists of peerages, is now generally held to have taken place in favor of Maol Íosa V, Earl of...
. He, as a principal creditor, had "acquired" the estates of George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness who had died heavily in debt and without issue in 1670. Campbell was consequently created Earl of Caithness in 1673, but after much litigation and even bloodshed, George Sinclair of Keiss
Keiss
Keiss is a fishing village at the northern end of Sinclairs Bay on the east coast of Caithness in the Scottish council area of Highland.Keiss Castle, which is now partially ruined, is located less than 1 mile north of the village centre, on sheer cliffs, overlocking the bay, and has been a major...
(d. 1698), second son of George, 5th Earl of Caithness (d. 1643), recovered the estates, and successfully petitioned parliament regarding the earldom, which was removed from Campbell. Sinclair's title was finally restored to him in 1681. Deprived by parliament of the Caithness earldom, Sir John Campbell was created on Lord Glenorchy, Benederaloch, Ormelie and Weick, Viscount of Tay and Paintland, and Earl of Breadalbane and Holland on 13 August 1681, with the precedency of the former patent and with the power to nominate any of his sons by his first wife to succeeded him. The titles were created with remainder to the heirs male of the son chosen to succeeded him, failing which to the heirs male of his body, failing which to his own heirs male, failing which to his heirs whatsoever. The "of Holland" part of the title derived from the fact that Campbell was the husband of Lady Mary Rich, daughter of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland was an English aristocrat, courtier and soldier.-Life:He was the son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and of Penelope Devereux, Lady Rich, and the younger brother of Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick...
(see Earl of Holland
Earl of Holland
Earl of Holland was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1624 for Henry Rich, 1st Baron Kensington. He was the younger son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick. and had already been created Baron Kensington in 1623, also in the Peerage of England. His eldest son, the second Earl,...
).
The member of a junior branch of Clan Campbell
Clan Campbell
Clan Campbell is a Highland Scottish clan. Historically one of the largest, most powerful and most successful of the Highland clans, their lands were in Argyll and the chief of the clan became the Earl and later Duke of Argyll.-Origins:...
, Breadalbane was a descendant of Sir Colin Campbell, 1st of Glenorchy (d. 1475), the son of Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell
Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell
Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell (Classical Gaelic Donnchadh mac Cailein, and also called Donnchadh na-Adh of Loch Awe, (died 1453), was an important figure in Scottish affairs in the first half of the fifteenth century and...
by his second wife Margaret Stewart and the half-brother of Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell, ancestor of the Dukes of Argyll
Duke of Argyll
Duke of Argyll is a title, created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful, if not the most powerful, noble family in Scotland...
. Sir Colin Campbell was granted Glenorchy
Glen Orchy
Glen Orchy is a long glen in Argyll and Bute in Scotland. It runs south-westerly from the Bridge of Orchy to Inverlochy following the River Orchy...
and other lands by his father and built Kilchurn Castle
Kilchurn Castle
Kilchurn Castle is a ruined 15th century structure on the northeastern end of Loch Awe, in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.It was the ancestral home of the Campbells of Glen Orchy, who later became the Earls of Breadalbane also known as the Breadalbane family branch, of the Clan Campbell. The earliest...
on Loch Awe
Loch Awe
Loch Awe is a large body of water in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe, or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such as Innis Chonnell and Inishail.- The loch :It is the third largest freshwater loch in Scotland with...
in Argyll
Argyll
Argyll , archaically Argyle , is a region of western Scotland corresponding with most of the part of ancient Dál Riata that was located on the island of Great Britain, and in a historical context can be used to mean the entire western coast between the Mull of Kintyre and Cape Wrath...
. His son Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy was one of the many Scottish nobles killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. Sir Duncan's great-grandson and namesake Duncan Campbell, known as "Black Duncan", represented Argyllshire in the Scottish Parliament. He was knighted in 1590 and created a Baronet, of Glenorchy in the County of Perth, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1625. His elder son, Sir Colin, the second Baronet, died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, Sir Robert, the third Baronet. He represented Argyllshire in the Scottish Parliament. He was succeeded by his son, Sir John, the fourth Baronet. He also represented Argyllshire in Parliament. He was succeeded by his son by his first marriage, the aforementioned Sir John Campbell, the fifth Baronet, who was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681.
Lord Breadalbane and Holland's elder son Duncan Campbell, styled Lord Ormelie, was overlooked for the succession (owing to his "incapacity") and died childless in 1727. Breadalbane nominated his younger son John
John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland
John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland a Scottish nobleman born in Breadalbane, Scotland to John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland and Lady Mary Rich. In 1685 he married Lady Frances Cavendish, daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Lady Frances...
as his successor, and he consequently succeeded in the titles on his father's death in 1717. He sat in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
as a Scottish Representative Peer
Representative peer
In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords...
between 1736 and 1747. He was succeeded by his son, John, the third Earl. He was a prominent statesman. Lord Breadalbane and Holland married as his first wife Lady Amabel Grey, daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent KG PC was a British politician and courtier.-Family:He was a son of Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent and Mary Grey, 1st Baroness Lucas of Crudwell...
. Their daughter Lady Jemima Campbell
Jemima Yorke, 2nd Marchioness Grey
Jemima Yorke, 2nd Marchioness Grey and Countess of Hardwicke was a British peeress.She was a daughter of John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland and Lady Amabel Grey. Her maternal grandparents were Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent and Jemima Crew.On 22 May 1740, she married Hon...
succeeded her maternal grandfather as Marchioness Grey in 1740. Through Lady Jemima Lord Breadalbane was a great-grandfather of Prime Minister Lord Goderich. Lord Breadalbane outlived both his only son by his first wife and his two sons by his second marriage to Arabella Pershall. On his death in 1782 the male line of the first Earl failed.
The late Earl was succeeded by his kinsman, John Campbell
John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane
Lieutenant-General John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane FRS , known as John Campbell until 1782 and as The Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1782 and 1831, was a Scottish soldier and landowner....
, who became the fourth Earl. He was the great-grandson of Colin Campbell of Mochaster, younger son of Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Baronet, and uncle of the first Earl. He was a Lieutenant-General in the British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...
and sat in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
as a Scottish Representative Peer
Representative peer
In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords...
between 1784 and 1806. The latter year he was created Baron Breadalbane, of Taymouth Castle in the County of Perth, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...
, which entitled him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords. In 1831 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of Breadalbane in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his only son, the second Marquess. He was a Liberal
Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day...
politician and served twice as Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He was childless and the barony of Breadalbane, earldom of Ormelie and marquessate became extinct on his death in 1862.
He was succeeded in the Scottish titles by his kinsman, John Campbell, the sixth Earl. He was the grandson of James Campbell, great-great-grandson of William Campbell of Glenfalloch (d. 1648), brother of the aforementioned Colin Campbell of Mochaster. On his death the titles passed to his son, the seventh Earl. He was a Liberal politician and notably served as Treasurer of the Household
Treasurer of the Household
The position of Treasurer of the Household is theoretically held by a household official of the British monarch, under control of the Lord Steward's Department, but is, in fact, a political office held by one of the government's Deputy Chief Whips in the House of Commons...
and Lord Steward of the Household. In 1873 he was created Baron Breadalbane, of Kenmure in the County of Perth, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which entitled him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords. In 1885 he was made Earl of Ormelie, in the County of Caithness, and Marquess of Breadalbane in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was childless and these titles consequently became extinct on his death in 1922. He was succeeded in the Scottish titles by his nephew, Iain Campbell, the eighth Earl. He was the son of Captain the Honourable Ivan Campbell, second son of the sixth Earl. The eighth Earl died at an early age in 1923, only a year after succeeding his uncle. He was succeeded by his kinsman, Charles Campbell, the ninth Earl. He was the son of Major-General Charles William Campbell of Borland, grandson of John Campbell of Borland, younger brother of the aforementioned James Campbell, grandfather of the sixth Earl. The ninth earl sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1924 and his death in 1959. He was succeeded by his only son, John, the tenth Earl. He was severely wounded while serving with the Black Watch
Black Watch
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The unit's traditional colours were retired in 2011 in a ceremony led by Queen Elizabeth II....
in the Second World War. He died childless in 1995 when the titles became dormant.
Hungarian-born Huba Campbell (born 1945), a third cousin once removed from the tenth Earl, has petitioned the Lord Lyon for recognition of his right to the undifferenced arms
Undifferenced arms
Undifferenced arms are coats of arms which have no marks distinguishing the bearer by birth order or family position. In the Scottish and English heraldic traditions, these plain coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to eldest male heir, and are used only by one person at any...
as the great-great-grandson of George Campbell, brother of George Andrew Campbell (1791-1852), brother of 1.Charles William Campbell of Borland, grandfather of the ninth Earl. The claim is disputed between the Hungarian Campbells and a British aristocrat, Sir Lachlan Campbell, 6th Baronet, a descendant of Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet
Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet
Major-General Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet, CB was a British Army officer, the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Colin Campbell and his wife Mary, daughter of Guy Johnson...
, grandson of John Campbell, son of the Honourable Colin Campbell, the son of first Earl by his second marriage to Lady Mary Campbell. The latter, however, is apparently unable to succeed because his ancestor John Campbell was illegitimate (see Campbell Baronets
Campbell Baronets
There have been 19 Baronetcies created for persons with the surname Campbell, seven in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and twelve in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.-Campbell Baronets, of Glenorchy :...
, of St Cross Mede, for further history of this branch of the family).
The main seat of the Earls of Breadalbane and Holland from the early 19th century was the vast Taymouth Castle
Taymouth Castle
Taymouth Castle is situated just north-east of the village of Kenmore, Perth and Kinross in the Highlands of Scotland.It stands on the site of the much older Balloch Castle , which was demolished to be rebuilt on a much larger scale in the early 19th century by the Campbells of Breadalbane.It was...
in Scotland, which was sold by the ninth Earl shortly after the end of the First World War.
Campbell Baronets, of Glenorchy (1625)
- Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Baronet (c. 1550–1631)
- Sir Colin Campbell, 2nd BaronetSir Colin Campbell, 2nd BaronetSir Colin Campbell, 2nd Baronet was a Scottish nobleman, 8th Laird of Glenorchy, known as a patron of the arts.He was the son of Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Baronet and Lady Jane Stewart, a daughter of John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl...
(c. 1577–1640) - Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Baronet (c. 1580–c. 1650)
- Sir John Campbell, 4th Baronet (c. 1615–c. 1670)
- Sir John Campbell, 5th BaronetJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland , son of Sir John Campbell of Glen Orchy, and of the Lady Mary Graham, daughter of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth and 7th Earl of Menteith, was a member of Scottish nobility during the Glorious Revolution and Jacobite risings and also known as...
(1635–1717) (created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681)
Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681)
- John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland , son of Sir John Campbell of Glen Orchy, and of the Lady Mary Graham, daughter of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth and 7th Earl of Menteith, was a member of Scottish nobility during the Glorious Revolution and Jacobite risings and also known as...
(1635–1717)- Duncan Campbell, Lord Ormelie (c. 1660–1727)
- John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland a Scottish nobleman born in Breadalbane, Scotland to John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland and Lady Mary Rich. In 1685 he married Lady Frances Cavendish, daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Lady Frances...
(1662–1752) - John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland KB , styled Lord Glenorchy from 1716 until 1752, was a Scottish nobleman, diplomat and politician.-Background and education:...
(1692–1782)- Hon. Henry Campbell (c. 1721-1727)
- Hon. George Campbell (d. 1744)
- John Campbell, Lord Glenorchy (1738–1771)
- John Campbell, 4th Earl of Breadalbane and HollandJohn Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneLieutenant-General John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane FRS , known as John Campbell until 1782 and as The Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1782 and 1831, was a Scottish soldier and landowner....
(1762–1834) (created Marquess of Breadalbane in 1831)
Marquesses of Breadalbane; First creation (1831)
- John Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneJohn Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneLieutenant-General John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane FRS , known as John Campbell until 1782 and as The Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1782 and 1831, was a Scottish soldier and landowner....
(1762–1834) - John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of BreadalbaneJohn Campbell, 2nd Marquess of BreadalbaneJohn Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane KT, PC, FRS , styled Lord Glenorchy until 1831 and as Earl of Ormelie from 1831 to 1834, was a Scottish nobleman and Liberal politician.-Background and education:...
(1796–1862)
Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681; Reverted)
- John Alexander Gavin Campbell, 6th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1824–1871)
- Gavin Campbell, 7th Earl of Breadalbane and HollandGavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneGavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane KG, PC, JP, DL , styled Lord Glenorchy between 1862 and 1871 and known as The Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1871 and 1885, was a Scottish nobleman and Liberal politician.-Background and education:Campbell was born at Fermoy, County Cork, the...
(1851–1922) (created Marquess of Breadalbane in 1885)
Marquesses of Breadalbane; Second creation (1885)
- Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneGavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of BreadalbaneGavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane KG, PC, JP, DL , styled Lord Glenorchy between 1862 and 1871 and known as The Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1871 and 1885, was a Scottish nobleman and Liberal politician.-Background and education:Campbell was born at Fermoy, County Cork, the...
(1851–1922)
Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681; Reverted)
- Iain Edward Herbert Campbell, 8th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1885–1923)
- Charles William Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and HollandCharles Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and HollandLieutenant-Colonel Charles William Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland MC, DL, JP , known as Charles Campbell until 1923, was a Scottish peer and soldier....
(1889–1959) - John Romer Boreland Campbell, 10th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1919–1995)
Family tree
See also
- Earl of CaithnessEarl of CaithnessEarl of Caithness is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, and has a very complex history. Its first grant, in the modern sense as to have been counted in strict lists of peerages, is now generally held to have taken place in favor of Maol Íosa V, Earl of...
- Earl of HollandEarl of HollandEarl of Holland was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1624 for Henry Rich, 1st Baron Kensington. He was the younger son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick. and had already been created Baron Kensington in 1623, also in the Peerage of England. His eldest son, the second Earl,...
- Duke of ArgyllDuke of ArgyllDuke of Argyll is a title, created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful, if not the most powerful, noble family in Scotland...
- Clan CampbellClan CampbellClan Campbell is a Highland Scottish clan. Historically one of the largest, most powerful and most successful of the Highland clans, their lands were in Argyll and the chief of the clan became the Earl and later Duke of Argyll.-Origins:...
- Carter-Campbell of Possil
- Campbell BaronetsCampbell BaronetsThere have been 19 Baronetcies created for persons with the surname Campbell, seven in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and twelve in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.-Campbell Baronets, of Glenorchy :...