East Frisian chieftains
Encyclopedia
The East Frisian chieftains ' onMouseout='HidePop("60726")' href="/topics/Low_German">Low German
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
had markedly waned.
during the Middle Ages
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
The East Frisian chieftains ' onMouseout='HidePop("43310")' href="/topics/Low_German">Low German
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
had markedly waned.
during the Middle Ages
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
The East Frisian chieftains ' onMouseout='HidePop("33615")' href="/topics/Low_German">Low German
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
had markedly waned.
during the Middle Ages
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands...
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
Frisian freedom
Friese freedom or freedom of the Frisians is the absence of feudalism and serfdom in Frisia, the area that was originally inhabited by the Frisians, in particular the current provinces of Friesland and Groningen and the area west Friesland in the Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany...
had markedly waned.
Early history
East Frisia was not under any centralised rule, as was common elsewhere at the time of feudalismFeudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
Fortified house
A fortified house is a type of building which developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.Generally beginning as a traditional manor house or noble residence it would later be later fortified to a more military styling with the addition of gate houses, stone walls, towers or other such features to...
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
Chieftain families
| Main seat | Family |
|---|---|
| Broke / Marienhafe Marienhafe Marienhafe is a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany.... |
tom Brok Tom Brok The tom Brok family were a powerful East Frisian line of chieftains, originally from the Norderland on the North Sea coast of Germany. From the second half of the 14th century, the tom Broks tried to gain control of East Frisia over the other chieftain families... |
| Emden Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2006, the city had a total population of 51,692.-History:... |
Abdena |
| Faldern | Aildesna |
| Greetsiel Greetsiel Greetsiel is a small port on the bight of Leybucht in western East Frisia, Germany that was first documented in letters from the year 1388. Since 1972, Greetsiel has been part of the municipality of Krummhörn, which has its administrative seat in Pewsum... / Norden |
Cirksena Cirksena The Cirksena are noble East Frisian family descended from a line of East Frisian chieftains from Greetsiel.- The Cirksena in East Frisia :In 1439 in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, finally... |
| Innhausen / Östringen | Tjarksena |
| Langwarden / Innhausen / Knyphausen | Onneken, later named of Innhausen and Knyphausen |
| Lütetsburg / Pewsum | Manninga |
| Neermoor / Leer | Ukena Focko Ukena Focko Ukena was an East Frisian chieftain who played an important part in the struggle between the Vetkopers and Schieringers in the provinces of Groningen and Friesland... |
| Osterhusen | Allena |
| Rüstringen Rüstringen Rüstringen or Rustringen was an old Frisian gau which lay between the modern district Friesland and the Weser river in modern Lower Saxony. Nowadays, only a small part of the original territory remains, namely the Butjadingen peninsula... / Bant |
Wiemken (Papinga) |
| Wirdum | Beninga |
The East Frisian chieftains ' onMouseout='HidePop("43310")' href="/topics/Low_German">Low German
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands...
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
Frisian freedom
Friese freedom or freedom of the Frisians is the absence of feudalism and serfdom in Frisia, the area that was originally inhabited by the Frisians, in particular the current provinces of Friesland and Groningen and the area west Friesland in the Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany...
had markedly waned.
Early history
East Frisia was not under any centralised rule, as was common elsewhere at the time of feudalismFeudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
Fortified house
A fortified house is a type of building which developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.Generally beginning as a traditional manor house or noble residence it would later be later fortified to a more military styling with the addition of gate houses, stone walls, towers or other such features to...
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
Chieftain families
| Main seat | Family |
|---|---|
| Broke / Marienhafe Marienhafe Marienhafe is a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany.... |
tom Brok Tom Brok The tom Brok family were a powerful East Frisian line of chieftains, originally from the Norderland on the North Sea coast of Germany. From the second half of the 14th century, the tom Broks tried to gain control of East Frisia over the other chieftain families... |
| Emden Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2006, the city had a total population of 51,692.-History:... |
Abdena |
| Faldern | Aildesna |
| Greetsiel Greetsiel Greetsiel is a small port on the bight of Leybucht in western East Frisia, Germany that was first documented in letters from the year 1388. Since 1972, Greetsiel has been part of the municipality of Krummhörn, which has its administrative seat in Pewsum... / Norden |
Cirksena Cirksena The Cirksena are noble East Frisian family descended from a line of East Frisian chieftains from Greetsiel.- The Cirksena in East Frisia :In 1439 in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, finally... |
| Innhausen / Östringen | Tjarksena |
| Langwarden / Innhausen / Knyphausen | Onneken, later named of Innhausen and Knyphausen |
| Lütetsburg / Pewsum | Manninga |
| Neermoor / Leer | Ukena Focko Ukena Focko Ukena was an East Frisian chieftain who played an important part in the struggle between the Vetkopers and Schieringers in the provinces of Groningen and Friesland... |
| Osterhusen | Allena |
| Rüstringen Rüstringen Rüstringen or Rustringen was an old Frisian gau which lay between the modern district Friesland and the Weser river in modern Lower Saxony. Nowadays, only a small part of the original territory remains, namely the Butjadingen peninsula... / Bant |
Wiemken (Papinga) |
| Wirdum | Beninga |
The East Frisian chieftains ' onMouseout='HidePop("33615")' href="/topics/Low_German">Low German
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands...
: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom
Frisian freedom
Friese freedom or freedom of the Frisians is the absence of feudalism and serfdom in Frisia, the area that was originally inhabited by the Frisians, in particular the current provinces of Friesland and Groningen and the area west Friesland in the Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany...
had markedly waned.
Early history
East Frisia was not under any centralised rule, as was common elsewhere at the time of feudalismFeudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (Landesgemeinden), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or Redjeven (Latin: consules) were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several nobiles stood out amongst these universitas: the public offices were frequenty occupied by members of large and wealthy families. From the 13th century, the status symbols of these nobiles were stone houses
Fortified house
A fortified house is a type of building which developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.Generally beginning as a traditional manor house or noble residence it would later be later fortified to a more military styling with the addition of gate houses, stone walls, towers or other such features to...
(stins, the precursors of the later chieftains' castles) as well as small armies of mercenaries (Söldnerheere).
Chieftain families
| Main seat | Family |
|---|---|
| Broke / Marienhafe Marienhafe Marienhafe is a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany.... |
tom Brok Tom Brok The tom Brok family were a powerful East Frisian line of chieftains, originally from the Norderland on the North Sea coast of Germany. From the second half of the 14th century, the tom Broks tried to gain control of East Frisia over the other chieftain families... |
| Emden Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2006, the city had a total population of 51,692.-History:... |
Abdena |
| Faldern | Aildesna |
| Greetsiel Greetsiel Greetsiel is a small port on the bight of Leybucht in western East Frisia, Germany that was first documented in letters from the year 1388. Since 1972, Greetsiel has been part of the municipality of Krummhörn, which has its administrative seat in Pewsum... / Norden |
Cirksena Cirksena The Cirksena are noble East Frisian family descended from a line of East Frisian chieftains from Greetsiel.- The Cirksena in East Frisia :In 1439 in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, finally... |
| Innhausen / Östringen | Tjarksena |
| Langwarden / Innhausen / Knyphausen | Onneken, later named of Innhausen and Knyphausen |
| Lütetsburg / Pewsum | Manninga |
| Neermoor / Leer | Ukena Focko Ukena Focko Ukena was an East Frisian chieftain who played an important part in the struggle between the Vetkopers and Schieringers in the provinces of Groningen and Friesland... |
| Osterhusen | Allena |
| Rüstringen Rüstringen Rüstringen or Rustringen was an old Frisian gau which lay between the modern district Friesland and the Weser river in modern Lower Saxony. Nowadays, only a small part of the original territory remains, namely the Butjadingen peninsula... / Bant |
Wiemken (Papinga) |
| Wirdum | Beninga |