Echinopsis
Encyclopedia
Echinopsis is a large genus
of cacti
native to South America
, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines.
Echinopsis is distinguished from Echinocactus
by the length of the flower tube, from Cereus
by the form and size of their stems
, and from both in the position on the stem occupied by the flowers. They are remarkable for the great size, length of tube, and beauty of their flowers, which, borne upon generally small and dumpy stems, appear much larger and more attractive than would be expected.
, Chile
, Bolivia
, Peru
, Brazil
, Ecuador
, Paraguay
and Uruguay
). They grow only in situations where the soil is sandy or gravelly, or on the sides of hills in the crevices of rocks.
) showed that species like the Chile
an Echinopsis cristata and its Mexican
relatives thrive if potted in light loam, with a little leaf mould and a few nodules of limestone
. The limestone keeps the soil open; it is important that the soil should be well drained. In winter, water must be given very sparingly, and the atmosphere should be dry; the temperature need not exceed 10°C during the night, and in very cold weather it may be allowed to fall to 5°C, provided a higher temperature of 14°C is maintained during the day. In spring, the plants should receive the full influence of the increasing warmth of the sun; and during hot weather, they will be benefited by frequent spraying overhead, which should be done in the evening. The soil should never be saturated, as the soft fibrous roots will rot if kept wet for any length of time.
None of the species need to be grafted to grow freely and remain healthy, as the stems are all robust enough and of sufficient size to take care of themselves. The only danger is in keeping the plants too moist in winter, for although a little water now and again keeps the stems fresh and green, it deprives them of that rest which is essential to the development of their large, beautiful flowers in summer.
and have a long history of traditional use for psychotherapeutic, spiritual, and medicinal purposes. An unknown Echinopsis species (likely E. pachanoi or E. bridgesii) sometimes referred to as "The Cactus of the Four Winds" is said to have potently psychedelic effects. This cactus has four ribs, supposedly an indicator of higher potency; however, it is not uncommon for cacti in the genus Echinopsis to change their rib configurations, with some alternating between a four- and six-rib configuration. Modern analysis has not yet shown any link between the number of ribs and alkaloid content. The suggestion that a square (four-ribbed) plant is "more powerful" might be entirely metaphorical and relate to a native cultural value rather than actual alkaloid content.
Some have proposed merging Rebutia
as well.
Like several other taxonomic
changes in Cactaceace,
this one has not been universally liked and accepted by amateur and professional growers;
names like Echinopsis (in the older sense), Lobivia, Setiechinopsis and Trichocereus
are still in common use,
while many of the others listed above fell out of common usage long before the change.
The taxonomic changes have been criticised by K. Trout, in particular the inclusion of the genus Trichocereus, and the formation of a huge, complex new genus without an accompanying monograph
. Some problems also arose due to namespace collision when this merger was made. Most notably, there had previously existed both Echinopsis bridgesii and Trichocereus bridgesii, which are very different plants. Echinopsis bridgesii is a short clumping cactus, whereas Trichocereus bridgesii is a tall columnar cactus similar to E. (or T.) pachanoi. Under the new classification, Trichocereus bridgesii is known as Echinopsis lageniformis
.
Many hybrids exist, mostly between similar species but also between more distinct ones, such as the cross between E. pachanoi and E. eyriesii which was sold under the name "Trichopsis pachaniesii" by Sacred Succulents.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of cacti
Cactus
A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae. Their distinctive appearance is a result of adaptations to conserve water in dry and/or hot environments. In most species, the stem has evolved to become photosynthetic and succulent, while the leaves have evolved into spines...
native to South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines.
Echinopsis is distinguished from Echinocactus
Echinocactus
Echinocactus is a genus of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. The generic name derives from the Ancient Greek εχινος , meaning "spiny," and cactus. It and Ferocactus are the two genera of barrel cactus. Members of the genus usually have heavy spination and relatively large flowers...
by the length of the flower tube, from Cereus
Cereus
Cereus is a genus of cactus. The term cereus is also used to describe cacti with very elongated bodies, including columnar growth cacti and epiphytic cacti...
by the form and size of their stems
Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence , conifer cones, roots, other stems etc. The internodes distance one node from another...
, and from both in the position on the stem occupied by the flowers. They are remarkable for the great size, length of tube, and beauty of their flowers, which, borne upon generally small and dumpy stems, appear much larger and more attractive than would be expected.
Distribution
Echinopsis species are native to South America (ArgentinaArgentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
, Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
, Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
, Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
and Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
). They grow only in situations where the soil is sandy or gravelly, or on the sides of hills in the crevices of rocks.
Cultivation
The growing and resting seasons for Echinopsis are the same as for Echinocactus. Research by J. Smith (former Curator at the Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to as Kew Gardens, is 121 hectares of gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and Kew in southwest London, England. "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" and the brand name "Kew" are also used as umbrella terms for the institution that runs...
) showed that species like the Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
an Echinopsis cristata and its Mexican
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
relatives thrive if potted in light loam, with a little leaf mould and a few nodules of limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
. The limestone keeps the soil open; it is important that the soil should be well drained. In winter, water must be given very sparingly, and the atmosphere should be dry; the temperature need not exceed 10°C during the night, and in very cold weather it may be allowed to fall to 5°C, provided a higher temperature of 14°C is maintained during the day. In spring, the plants should receive the full influence of the increasing warmth of the sun; and during hot weather, they will be benefited by frequent spraying overhead, which should be done in the evening. The soil should never be saturated, as the soft fibrous roots will rot if kept wet for any length of time.
None of the species need to be grafted to grow freely and remain healthy, as the stems are all robust enough and of sufficient size to take care of themselves. The only danger is in keeping the plants too moist in winter, for although a little water now and again keeps the stems fresh and green, it deprives them of that rest which is essential to the development of their large, beautiful flowers in summer.
Psychoactive properties
Several cacti in the genus Echinopsis have been demonstrated to contain the psychedelic alkaloid mescalineMescaline
Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class used mainly as an entheogen....
and have a long history of traditional use for psychotherapeutic, spiritual, and medicinal purposes. An unknown Echinopsis species (likely E. pachanoi or E. bridgesii) sometimes referred to as "The Cactus of the Four Winds" is said to have potently psychedelic effects. This cactus has four ribs, supposedly an indicator of higher potency; however, it is not uncommon for cacti in the genus Echinopsis to change their rib configurations, with some alternating between a four- and six-rib configuration. Modern analysis has not yet shown any link between the number of ribs and alkaloid content. The suggestion that a square (four-ribbed) plant is "more powerful" might be entirely metaphorical and relate to a native cultural value rather than actual alkaloid content.
Taxonomy changes
Studies in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in several formerly separate genera being absorbed into Echinopsis:Some have proposed merging Rebutia
Rebutia
Rebutia K. Schum. is a genus in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina.It was designated in 1895 by Karl Moritz Schumann and named after Pierre Rebut , a French cactus nurseryman. The type species is R.minuscula, which has been in cultivation since 1887...
as well.
Like several other taxonomic
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...
changes in Cactaceace,
this one has not been universally liked and accepted by amateur and professional growers;
names like Echinopsis (in the older sense), Lobivia, Setiechinopsis and Trichocereus
are still in common use,
while many of the others listed above fell out of common usage long before the change.
The taxonomic changes have been criticised by K. Trout, in particular the inclusion of the genus Trichocereus, and the formation of a huge, complex new genus without an accompanying monograph
Monograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
. Some problems also arose due to namespace collision when this merger was made. Most notably, there had previously existed both Echinopsis bridgesii and Trichocereus bridgesii, which are very different plants. Echinopsis bridgesii is a short clumping cactus, whereas Trichocereus bridgesii is a tall columnar cactus similar to E. (or T.) pachanoi. Under the new classification, Trichocereus bridgesii is known as Echinopsis lageniformis
Echinopsis lageniformis
Bolivian Torch cactus is a fast-growing columnar cactus from the high deserts of Bolivia....
.
Species
- Note: some of the species listed below may be synonyms, subspecies, or varieties of others.
- Echinopsis adolfofriedrichii G. Moser
- Echinopsis amoenissima Werdermann
- Echinopsis ancistrophora Spegazzini
- Echinopsis angelesii (R. Kiesling) G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis antezanae (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis apiculata Linke
- Echinopsis arboricola (Kimnach) R. Mottram
- Echinopsis arebaloi Cárdenas
- Echinopsis atacamensis (Philippi) H. Friedrich & G.D. Rowley
- Echinopsis aurata Salm-Dyck
- Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
- Echinopsis backebergia Werdermann
- Echinopsis baldiana Spegazzini
- Echinopsis berlingii Y. Ito
- Echinopsis bertramiana (Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis bolligeriana Mächler & Helmut Walter
- Echinopsis bonnieae (Halda, Hogan & Janeba) Halda & Malina
- Echinopsis boyuibensis F. Ritter
- Echinopsis brasilensis A. V. Frič
- Echinopsis bridgesii Salm-Dyck (not to be confused with E. lageniformis, which is also known as Trichocereus bridgesii)
- Echinopsis bruchii (Britton & Rose) H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis cabrerae (R. Kiesling) G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis caineana (Cárdenas) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis cajasensis F. Ritter
- Echinopsis calliantholilacina Cárdenas
- Echinopsis callichroma Cárdenas
- Echinopsis calochlora K. Schumann
- Echinopsis camarguensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis campylacantha Pfeiffer & Otto
- Echinopsis candicans (Salm-Dyck) F. A. C. Weber
- Echinopsis cardenasiana (Rausch) H. Friedrich
- Echinopsis caulescens (F. Ritter) M. Lowry
- Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis cerdana Cárdenas
- Echinopsis chalaensis (Rauh & Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis chamaecereus H. Friedrich & W. Glaetzle
- Echinopsis chereauniana Schlumb.
- Echinopsis chiloensisEchinopsis chiloensisEchinopsis chiloensis is a species of cacti native to South America; genus members are known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. This species, E chiloensis, is tree-like with branching structures beginning basally. This plant can attain a height of eight metres...
(Colla) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis chrysantha Werdermann
- Echinopsis chrysochete Werdermann
- Echinopsis cinnabarina (Hooker) Labouret
- Echinopsis clavata (F. Ritter) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis cochabambensis Backeberg
- Echinopsis colmariensis Hort.
- Echinopsis comarapana Cárdenas
- Echinopsis conaconensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis coquimbana (Molina) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis coronata Cárdenas
- Echinopsis cotacajesii Cárdenas
- Echinopsis crassicaulis (R. Kiesling) H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis cristata Salm-Dyck
- Echinopsis cuzcoensis (Britton & Rose) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis cylindracea (Backeberg) Friedrich
- Echinopsis decaisniana Walp.
- Echinopsis densispina Werdermann
- Echinopsis derenbergii A. V. Frič
- Echinopsis deserticola (Werdermann) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis escayachensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis eyriesii Pfeiffer & Otto
- Echinopsis fabrisii (R.Kiesling) G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis famatimensis (Spegazzini) Werdermann
- Echinopsis ferox (Britton & Rose) Backeberg
- Echinopsis formosa (Pfeiffer) Jacobi
- Echinopsis friedrichii G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis gibbosa Pfeiffer
- Echinopsis gigantea Rud. Meyer
- Echinopsis gladispina Y. Ito
- Echinopsis glauca (F. Ritter) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis glaucina H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis haematantha (Spegazzini) J. G. Lamb.
- Echinopsis hahniana (Backeberg) R. S. Wallace
- Echinopsis hamatispina Werdermann
- Echinopsis hammerschmidii Cárdenas
- Echinopsis hertrichiana (Backeberg) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis hossei Werdermann
- Echinopsis huascha (F. A. C. Weber) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis huotti Labour.
- Echinopsis hystrichoides F. Ritter
- Echinopsis ibicuatensis Cárdenas
- Echinopsis imperialis Hort.
- Echinopsis jajoiana Hort.
- Echinopsis jamessianus Hort.
- Echinopsis kladiwaiana Rausch
- Echinopsis klingleriana Cárdenas
- Echinopsis knotti Schlumberger
- Echinopsis knuthiana (Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis korethroides Werdermann
- Echinopsis lageniformisEchinopsis lageniformisBolivian Torch cactus is a fast-growing columnar cactus from the high deserts of Bolivia....
(Forst.) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley (formerly Trichocereus bridgesii) - Echinopsis lamprochlora F. A. C. Weber
- Echinopsis lateritia Gürke
- Echinopsis leucantha Walpers
- Echinopsis litoralis (Johow) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley (syn.: E.chiloensis (Colla) subsp. litoralis (Johow)Lowry)
- Echinopsis lorethroides Werdermann
- Echinopsis macrodiscus Frič
- Echinopsis macrogonaEchinopsis macrogonaEchinopsis macrogona or Trichocereus macrogonus There are 60 known species of Trichocereus, many of which contain psychoactive alkaloids such as mescaline. Trichocereus Macrogonus, a close cousin to the San Pedro, Peruvian Torch and Trichocereus bridgesii, is a blue-green Trichocereus. They are...
(S.D.) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley - Echinopsis mamillosa Gürke
- Echinopsis marsoneri Werdermann
- Echinopsis mataranensis Cárdenas
- Echinopsis maximiliana Heyder
- Echinopsis melanacantha A. Dietr.
- Echinopsis meyeri Heese
- Echinopsis mieckleyi Rud. Meyer
- Echinopsis mihanovichii Frič & Gurcke
- Echinopsis minuana Spegazzini
- Echinopsis mirabilis Spegazzini
- Echinopsis misleyi J. Labouret
- Echinopsis molesta Spegazzini
- Echinopsis nigra Backeberg
- Echinopsis nigrispina Walp.
- Echinopsis nodosa Linke
- Echinopsis obrepanda (Salm-Dyck) K. Schum.
- Echinopsis octacantha Muehlenpf.
- Echinopsis oxygonaEchinopsis oxygonaEchinopsis oxygona is native to South Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina. Its features include: many robust spines, spherical shape, and a large flower, with sharply pointed lavender or white petals, and a fine faint scent.-Climate:...
Pfeiff. & Otto - Echinopsis pachanoiEchinopsis pachanoiThe San Pedro cactus is a fast-growing columnar cactus native to the Andes Mountains of Peru between 2000–3000 m in altitude. It is also found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Ecuador, and it is cultivated in other parts of the world...
(Britton & Rose) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley - Echinopsis pampana (Britton & Rose) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis pectinata Fennel
- Echinopsis pelecygona Y. Ito
- Echinopsis pentlandii (W. J. Hooker) Salm-Dyck ex A. Dietrich
- Echinopsis peruviana (Britton & Rose) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis picta Walp.
- Echinopsis pojoensis Cárdenas
- Echinopsis pseudomammillosa Cárdenas
- Echinopsis pugionacantha Rose & F. Boedeker
- Echinopsis pulchella Zucc.
- Echinopsis quadratiumbonata (F. Ritter) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis reichenbachiana Pfeiff.
- Echinopsis rhodotricha K. Schumann
- Echinopsis riviere-de-caraltii Cárdenas
- Echinopsis robinsoniana Werdermann
- Echinopsis rubescens Backeberg
- Echinopsis salmiana F. A. C. Weber
- Echinopsis salpigophara A. C. Lemaire
- Echinopsis saltensis Spegazzini
- Echinopsis sanguiniflora (Backeberg) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis santaensis (Rauh & Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis schelhasii Pfeiff. & Otto
- Echinopsis schickendantziiEchinopsis schickendantziiEchinopsis schickendantzii is a cactus found in Northwestern Argentina.The plant blooms with a single unscented white flower followed by edible fruit-Synonyms:*Echinopsis manguinii H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley, I.O.S. Bull. 3: 96. 1974....
F. A. C. Weber - Echinopsis schieliana (Backeberg) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis schoenii (Rauh & Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis schreiteri (Castellanos) Werdermann
- Echinopsis scopa Carrière
- Echinopsis scopulicola (F. Ritter) R. Mottram
- Echinopsis setosa Linke
- Echinopsis silvestriiEchinopsis silvestriiEchinopsis silvestrii is a cactus species in the genus Echinopsis....
Spegazzini - Echinopsis simplex Niedl
- Echinopsis skottsbergii (Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis smrziana Backeberg
- Echinopsis spachianaEchinopsis spachianaEchinopsis spachiana is a species of cactus native to South America. Commonly cultivated as a pot- or rockery plant around the world, it has a lime green body with 1-2 cm long golden spines. It exhibits a columnar habit....
(A. C. Lemaire) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis spegazzinii K. Schumann
- Echinopsis sphacelata Gravis
- Echinopsis spinibarbis (Otto) A. E. Hoffmann
- Echinopsis strausii Graessn.
- Echinopsis strigosa (Salm-Dyck) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis subdenudata Cárdenas
- Echinopsis sucrensis Cárdenas
- Echinopsis tacaquirensis (Vaupel) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tacuarembense J. Arechavaleta
- Echinopsis taratensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tarijensis (Vaupel) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tarmaensis (Rauh & Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tegeleriana (Backeberg) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis tephracantha Hort.
- Echinopsis terscheckii (A. A. Parmentier) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis thelegona (F. A. C. Weber) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis thelegonoides (Spegazzini) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis thionantha (Spegazzini) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis tiegeliana (Wessner) D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis trichosa (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tricolor A. G. Dietrich
- Echinopsis tuberculata Niedt
- Echinopsis tubiflora J. G. Zuccarini
- Echinopsis tucumanensis Y. Ito
- Echinopsis tulhuayacensis (Ochoa) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis tunariensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis uyupampensis (Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis vasquezii (Rausch) G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis vatteri (R. Kiesling) G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis verschaffeltii Hort.
- Echinopsis volliana (Backeberg) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley
- Echinopsis walteri (R. Kiesling) H. Friedrich & W. Glaetzle
- Echinopsis werdermannii Frič
- Echinopsis yuquina D. R. Hunt
- Echinopsis zuccarinii Pfeiff. & Otto
Many hybrids exist, mostly between similar species but also between more distinct ones, such as the cross between E. pachanoi and E. eyriesii which was sold under the name "Trichopsis pachaniesii" by Sacred Succulents.
General references
- Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001) ISBN 0-88192-498-9, pp. 255–286
- K. Trout, Trout's Notes on San Pedro & related Trichocereus species (Sacred Cacti 3rd ed. Part B) (Moksha Press, 2005) ISBN 0-9770876-0-3