Edna Phillips
Encyclopedia
Edna Phillips later Edna Phillips Rosenbaum (though she never changed her professional name and was still known as "Miss Phillips" ), was an American harp
Harp
The harp is a multi-stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. Organologically, it is in the general category of chordophones and has its own sub category . All harps have a neck, resonator and strings...

ist long associated with the Philadelphia Orchestra
Philadelphia Orchestra
The Philadelphia Orchestra is a symphony orchestra based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. One of the "Big Five" American orchestras, it was founded in 1900...

 and a teacher at the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music. Her most lasting contribution to the instrument was a body of works she commissioned as a soloist, including the concerto
Concerto
A concerto is a musical work usually composed in three parts or movements, in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra.The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words...

s of Alberto Ginastera
Alberto Ginastera
Alberto Evaristo Ginastera was an Argentine composer of classical music. He is considered one of the most important Latin American classical composers.- Biography :...

, Nicolai Berezowsky
Nicolai Berezowsky
Nicolai Tikhonovich Berezowsky was a Russian-born American violinist and composer.He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia on May 17, 1900, graduating from the Imperial Capella with honors when he was sixteen. As a young boy singer in the chapel choir, he recalled singing for the Tsar's family and...

, Ernst Krenek
Ernst Krenek
Ernst Krenek was an Austrian of Czech origin and, from 1945, American composer. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now , a study of Johannes Ockeghem , and Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music...

, and Erno von Dohnanyi
Erno Dohnányi
Ernő Dohnányi was a Hungarian conductor, composer, and pianist. He used the German form of his name Ernst von Dohnányi for most of his published compositions....

.

Early life

Edna Phillips Rosenbaum was born on January 7, 1907, in Reading, Pennsylvania
Reading, Pennsylvania
Reading is a city in southeastern Pennsylvania, USA, and seat of Berks County. Reading is the principal city of the Greater Reading Area and had a population of 88,082 as of the 2010 census, making it the fifth most populated city in the state after Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie,...

 where she learned to play the piano and the violin. At the age of seventeen she began harp study with Florence Wightman. Miss Wightman was a student of Carlos Salzedo
Carlos Salzedo
Carlos Salzedo , was a harpist, composer and conductor, born in Arcachon, France, who was one of the musical elite of his time.-France:...

 at the recently established Curtis Institute of Music
Curtis Institute of Music
The Curtis Institute of Music is a conservatory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that offers courses of study leading to a performance Diploma, Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in Opera, and Professional Studies Certificate in Opera. According to statistics compiled by U.S...

 in Philadelphia. She was his teaching assistant
Teaching assistant
A teaching assistant is an individual who assists a professor or teacher with instructional responsibilities. TAs include graduate teaching assistants , who are graduate students; undergraduate teaching assistants , who are undergraduate students; secondary school TAs, who are either high school...

 as well. When Edna moved to Philadelphia two years later, she continued her private lessons with Miss Wightman, and audited lessons and harp classes at Curtis. When Miss Wightman was hired by Manhattan’s famous Roxy Theater to play in their orchestra, she took Edna along to be her second harpist. However, Edna grew so uncomfortable with the racy theatrical atmosphere and the routine music that she returned to Philadelphia after six weeks.

Edna auditioned for study at Curtis, playing the harp and the piano, and was accepted by Mr. Salzedo, partly on the strength of her piano playing, and she enrolled in the Fall of 1927. As a first-year student, she had her private lessons with Salzedo’s newly appointed Associate Instructor, Lucile Lawrence. It is worth noting that in that year, Salzedo had twelve students and Miss Lawrence had another six, including Alice Chalifoux. In following years the studio maintained ten to twelve students, in contrast to the total of four enrolled in more–recent years at Curtis and several other American conservatories.

In the Fall of 1928, Edna began her private lessons with Salzedo. Her summers were spent in Maine where his harp colony was located; first in Seal Harbor and then in Camden, where it remained until its closure in 2002. With Edna’s strong piano background and innate musicality, she made swift progress. In 1930 (just her fifth year of playing the harp), it was arranged by Salzedo and Lawrence for her to audition at their apartment for Leopold Stokowski
Leopold Stokowski
Leopold Anthony Stokowski was a British-born, naturalised American orchestral conductor, well known for his free-hand performing style that spurned the traditional baton and for obtaining a characteristically sumptuous sound from many of the great orchestras he conducted.In America, Stokowski...

, the already famous conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra
Philadelphia Orchestra
The Philadelphia Orchestra is a symphony orchestra based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. One of the "Big Five" American orchestras, it was founded in 1900...

, for the Second Harp position. To her surprise–and Salzedo’s–she was appointed Principal Harp instead, at the age of twenty-two.

Solo career

Edna performed that year as soloist with the Reading Symphony Orchestra, on February 23, 1930. She played the Debussy Deux Danses: Sacree et Profane and, as an encore, Carlos Salzedo’s virtuoso piece Whirlwind. In the newspaper the Reading Eagle
Reading Eagle
The Reading Eagle is the major daily newspaper in Reading, Pennsylvania, in the United States. This family-owned newspaper has a daily circulation of 64,000 and a Sunday circulation of 100,000...

, the reviewer wrote the following of the concert: “Two Debussy numbers, “Danse Sacree” and “Danse Profane,” were played by Miss Phillips, harpist. Accompanied by a string ensemble from the orchestra, the dances were played with rare skill and interpretation. Typical of Debussy’s style, especially the “Danse Profane,” the nuances of the latter are characteristic of the French composer. Changes occur from a mood of dreamlike meditation to the sprightly devilish antics of a frightened faun, with a suddenness that is breathtaking. The “Danse Sacree” was beautiful in its delicate solemnity, typifying the ancient Greek form of dance in procession through a lofty and majestic cathedral, and suggesting the refrain of chimes in the distance.’
‘Miss Phillips was enthusiastically recalled for an encore and played “The Whirlwind,” by Carlos Salzedo. The piece is characteristic of its name, and suggests a tornado, sweeping chaos and turmoil in its path. Technically a difficult composition, it was played by the harpist with a poise and assurance that be-tokened an unusual mastery of the dynamics of her instrument. The ensemble numbers evidenced her intelligent and sympathetic understanding of orchestral effects, which charmed the appreciative audience. The grace and beauty of her performance was enhanced by the use of lovely gestures, an innovation in harp playing which added a pleasing symmetry to the entire effect.” In the next year Edna would record the Debussy with Stokowski, with only two day’s notice to prepare. (This recording has been re-released on the Biddulph label [WHL 013] Stokowski Conducts French Orchestral Favorites
Orchestral Favorites
Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May, 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra...

, Volume Three.)

Philadelphia Orchestra

As a member of the Philadelphia Orchestra, Miss Phillips was thrown into a grueling schedule of performing and recording, everything from Bach to Schoenberg, many in Stokowski’s orchestrations, which he would revise on the spot in rehearsals, as well as the latest contemporary scores. She had to learn how to sight-read
Sight reading
Sight-reading is the reading and performing of a piece of written music, specifically when the performer has not seen it before. Sight-singing is often used to describe a singer who is sight-reading.-Sight-reading:...

 anything. She performed as a member of the orchestra from 1930 to 1946, with Marjorie Tyre as second harpist. Miss Phillips was the first woman in the orchestra, and as a newspaper headline noted, she “added a feminine touch to the right hand front of the ensemble.” (Stokowski generally preferred to place the harp at the front of the stage, near the double-basses, or sometimes on the left.) In 1937, one of many times Miss Phillips performed as soloist with the Philadelphia Orchestra, she played the Chorale et Variations by Charles Widor
Charles-Marie Widor
Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor was a French organist, composer and teacher.-Life:Widor was born in Lyon, to a family of organ builders, and initially studied music there with his father, François-Charles Widor, titular organist of Saint-François-de-Sales from 1838 to 1889...

. The Philadelphia Ledger recorded on March 16, that she “played superbly Widor’s beautiful Chorale and Variations for harp and orchestra. She showed beautiful tone quality
Timbre
In music, timbre is the quality of a musical note or sound or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices and musical instruments, such as string instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments. The physical characteristics of sound that determine the...

, ample volume and a fluent technique, which the work demands, as it nearly exhausts the possibilities of the harp. The audience tried hard for an encore number but was disappointed.” Following the text is a list of all the performances in which she appeared as soloist with the Philadelphia Orchestra.

Sabbatical

She took a sabbatical year
Sabbatical year
Sabbatical or a sabbatical is a rest from work, or a hiatus, often lasting from two months to a year. The concept of sabbatical has a source in shmita, described several places in the Bible...

 in 1941-42, and Lynne Wainwright (Palmer) and Reba Robinson filled in. During her year off, Edna concertized and gave the world premiere of her commission Sea Chanty by Paul White
Paul White
Paul White may refer to:*Paul Dudley White , cardiologist*Paul Frederick White, anaesthesiologist*Paul White , news director of CBS during WWII*Paul White , "Jungle Doctor"...

. She premiered this lovely work with the Rochester (N.Y.) Philharmonic under the baton of the famous Jose Iturbi
José Iturbi
José Iturbi was a Spanish conductor, harpsichordist and pianist. He appeared in several Hollywood films of the 1940s, notably playing himself in the 1943 musical, Thousands Cheer and in the 1945 film, Anchors Aweigh...

, and later recorded it for Columbia Records
Columbia Records
Columbia Records is an American record label, owned by Japan's Sony Music Entertainment, operating under the Columbia Music Group with Aware Records. It was founded in 1888, evolving from an earlier enterprise, the American Graphophone Company — successor to the Volta Graphophone Company...

 with Eugene Ormandy
Eugene Ormandy
Eugene Ormandy was a Hungarian-born conductor and violinist.-Early life:Born Jenő Blau in Budapest, Hungary, Ormandy began studying violin at the Royal National Hungarian Academy of Music at the age of five...

 conducting. After 1946, she often returned to the orchestra to substitute and help out, and is quite possibly the harpist on the soundtrack of the renowned film Louisiana Story
Louisiana Story
Louisiana Story is a 78-minute black-and-white American film. Although the events and characters depicted are fictional, it is often misidentified as a documentary film. In fact, it is a docufiction. The script was written by Frances H. Flaherty and Robert J. Flaherty, and also directed by Robert...

, with its well-known musical score
Sheet music
Sheet music is a hand-written or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols; like its analogs—books, pamphlets, etc.—the medium of sheet music typically is paper , although the access to musical notation in recent years includes also presentation on computer screens...

 by Virgil Thomson
Virgil Thomson
Virgil Thomson was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music...

.

Teaching

Miss Phillips began teaching in 1932 at the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music, remaining there until 1972. When Carlos Salzedo died in 1961, she was offered his position at Curtis, but turned it down in favor of Marilyn Costello, her successor in the Philadelphia Orchestra. She taught and coached students privately, and helped develop many of Philadelphia’s harpists, notably including Karin Fuller. When she left the Philadelphia Orchestra, she plunged into community work. She founded the Germantown Branch of the Settlement Music School for which she served as president and board member (a community/pre-college conservatory). She also founded the Philadelphia chapter of an important organization, Young Audiences, which presents concerts to children. She was active in Philadelphia’s Musical Fund Society, a social and philanthropic organization, and was a Music Advisor to the Philadelphia Chamber Music Society
Philadelphia Chamber Music Society
The Philadelphia Chamber Music Society is a non-profit chamber music and recital forum. It was created, in 1986, by Anthony Checchia and Philip Maneval, its Artistic Director and Executive Director respectively...

 until recently.

Commissions

Miss Phillips commissioned many works for harp, the complete number not yet established. Her most famous commission is the Concerto for Harp by Alberto Ginastera
Alberto Ginastera
Alberto Evaristo Ginastera was an Argentine composer of classical music. He is considered one of the most important Latin American classical composers.- Biography :...

, and other important works include the Concerto for Harp by Nicolai Berezowsky, Concerto by Ernst Krenek
Ernst Krenek
Ernst Krenek was an Austrian of Czech origin and, from 1945, American composer. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now , a study of Johannes Ockeghem , and Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music...

, Sea Chanty by Paul White, Eclogue by Alexei Haieff, Concertino by Erno von Dohnanyi
Erno Dohnányi
Ernő Dohnányi was a Hungarian conductor, composer, and pianist. He used the German form of his name Ernst von Dohnányi for most of his published compositions....

, Auras, a harp concerto by Roberto Caamano, Concerto by Harry Somers
Harry Somers
Harry Stewart Somers, CC was the foremost English-Canadian composer of his period.He was born in middle-class Toronto in 1925 but did not become interested in music until his early teenage years, when he met a doctor and his wife, both pianists, who introduced him to classical music...

, Concertino Antico by Peggy Glanville-Hicks
Peggy Glanville-Hicks
Peggy Glanville-Hicks was an Australian composer.- Biography :Peggy Glanville-Hicks was born Melbourne in 1912. At age 15 she began studying composition with Fritz Hart in Melbourne...

, a concerto by Salvador Bacarisse
Salvador Bacarisse
Salvador Bacarisse Chinoria was a Spanish composer.Bacarisse was born in Madrid and studied music at the Real Conservatorio de Música there, as a student of Manuel Fernández Alberdi and Conrado del Campo...

, a chamber work by Paul Nordoff
Paul Nordoff
Paul Nordoff was an American composer and music therapist. His music is generally tonal and neo-Romantic in style.-Career:...

, Harl McDonald
Harl McDonald
Harl McDonald was an American composer, conductor, pianist and teacher. McDonald studied at the University of California, the University of Redlands, and the Leipzig Conservatory...

's Suite "From Childhood" for harp and orchestra, and many more.

Personal life

She was married in 1933 to Sam Rosenbaum, a prominent attorney and board member of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and had a family of two children and two stepchildren. She is survived by her son Hugh Rosenbaum of London, her daughter Joan Solaun of Illinois, two grandchildren (Emma Cristina Solaun, an attorney in Miami, Florida and the daughter of Joan and Mauricio Solaun, and Arwen Cecilia Rosenbaum, the daughter of Hugh and Rowena Rosenbaum), stepdaughter
Stepfamily
A stepfamily, also known as a blended family or reconstituted family, is a family in which one or both members of the couple have children from a previous relationship...

, Rosamond Bernier. Author Mary Sue Welch has completed a biography of Edna Phillips.

The 2004 National Conference of the American Harp Society
American Harp Society
The American Harp Society is a non-profit organization whose mission is "to promote and foster the appreciation of the harp as a musical instrument, to encourage the composition of music for the harp and to improve the quality of performance of harpists." Founded in 1962, the AHS is a member of...

, held at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...

 in Philadelphia, was dedicated in large part to the legacy and memory of Edna Phillips. From her commissioned works, the following were performed: The Concerto by Alberto Ginastera (Yolanda Kondonassis), Eclogue “La Nouvelle Heloise” by Alexei Haieff (Sophie Bruno), Suite “From Childhood” by Harl McDonald (Alice Giles), Concertino Antico by Peggy Glanville-Hicks (Juliana Beckel), Sea Chanty by Paul White (Rong Tan), and Suite for Harp and Chamber Orchestra by Harry Somers (Judy Loman).

Many of the commissions have been published and are easily available. Many are still in manuscript. Isadore Freed dedicated his harp solo Promenade to Edna, though it is not known to be a commission. Numerous recordings by Miss Phillips with the Philadelphia Orchestra can be found on the Cala, Biddulph and Andante labels. She is featured prominently in The Raven
The Raven
"The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in January 1845. It is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere. It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow descent into madness...

 by Arcady Dubensky. She played in the movies The Big Broadcast of 1937
The Big Broadcast of 1937
The Big Broadcast of 1937 is a 1936 Paramount Pictures production directed by Mitchell Leisen, and is the third in the series of Big Broadcast movies. The musical comedy stars Jack Benny, George Burns, Gracie Allen, Bob Burns, Martha Raye, Shirley Ross, Ray Milland, Benny Fields, Frank Forest and...

, One Hundred Men and a Girl
One Hundred Men and a Girl
One Hundred Men and a Girl is a 1937 musical comedy film, written by Charles Kenyon, Bruce Manning and James Mulhauser from a story by Hanns Kräly and directed by Henry Koster...

, and the original Fantasia
Fantasia (film)
Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. The third feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are...

(1940). She also appeared on television with the flutist Samuel Baron. Her harp and music are now in the collection of the University of Illinois
University of Illinois system
The University of Illinois is a system of public universities in Illinois consisting of three campuses: Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, and Springfield. Across its three campuses, the University of Illinois enrolls about 70,000 students. It had an operating budget of $4.17 billion in 2007.-System:The...

 at Champaign/Urbana.

Appearances by EDNA PHILLIPS AS SOLOIST with the PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA
1937 3/15 Widor: Chorale et Variations
1937 11/20,21,30 Mozart: Concerto for Flute and Harp, with William Kincaid
William Kincaid
William Kincaid was formerly known nationally in the entertainment trade as a costume designer, and after leaving the costume business in 1990, has been working to become locally known as an artist creating pet paintings in brilliant colors on large canvases...

, flutist
1941 1/17–5/5, 12/7/42 McDonald: Suite “From Childhood
1944 1/17 Debussy: Danses Sacree et Profane
1944 4/21 White: Sea Chanty
1945 1/26–2/5 Berezowsky: Concerto
1945 4/21, 10/30 White: Sea Chanty
1952 12/12–13 Krenek: Concerto, McDonald: Suite
(from the archives of the Philadelphia Orchestra)
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