Education in Zimbabwe
Encyclopedia
Education in the government-run schools of Zimbabwe
was made free in 1980 and inequities remaining from the colonial system were lessened. Education was declared a basic human right in Zimbabwe and a non-racial system pursued. However, since 1988, the government has steadily increased the charges attached to school enrollment until they now greatly exceed the real value of fees in 1980. All children in Zimbabwe have the right to education. However, both development levies and tuition fees must be paid. Tuition fees have historically been very low, though development levies have been impediments. The majority of the wealthier portion of the population send their children to independent schools, while the government-run schools are attended by the poorer members of the black population. The Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture
of Zimbabwe maintains and operates the government schools but the fees charged by independent schools are regulated by the Cabinet of Zimbabwe
.
Zimbabwe
has an adult literacy rate of approximately 90% which is amongst the highest in Africa. However, since 1995 the adult literacy rate of Zimbabwe
has steadily decreased which is a trend shared by other African countries.
Zimbabwe’s education system was once among the best in Africa, though is currently suffering from a detrimental decline in public funding in conjunction with hyperinflation and political unrest. Until the mid 1990s, Zimbabwe had achieved primary education for all and secondary education for the majority (65 percent). “In the mid-1990s there was a national O-level pass rate of 72 per cent. Last year [2007] it crashed to 11 per cent”.. This culminated in the cancelling of the school year in 2008. Teachers have gone on strike in recent years over low salaries, poor working conditions, political violence and election results, further exasperating the situation.
UNICEF asserts that 94 percent of rural schools, serving the majority of the population were closed in 2009 and 66 of 70 schools abandoned. The attendance rates plummeted from over 80 percent to 20 percent. Learning only resumed in urban cases where teachers’ salaries were covered in US dollars by parents, creating a widening gap between rural and urban schools, and further incensed by a mass fleeing of teachers to neighbouring countries. Urban “type A” schools continue to be better equipped than their rural mission and government sponsored counterparts, causing discrepancies.
Economic downturn has caused numerous vulnerable schoolchildren to drop out over the years, though new programmes aim to rectify the situation. Recently, large investments in education have been provided by UNICEF, the international donor community and the Government of Zimbabwe, through the Educational Transition Fund (ETF) and The Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM). BEAM aims to offset costs for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs). These funds together help combat problems associated with deteriorating buildings, lack of supplies and shortage of resources in general. UNICEF aims to supply each schoolchild with textbooks through BEAM and in 2011, for the first time in decades, around 13 million textbooks will be delivered to Zimbabwe’s primary schools made possible by donations from Scandinavian countries and Germany.
Other challenges face the education sector in Zimbabwe, including having a lower proportion of female students, though The Education Act provides for equal access. With limited resources, parents often choose to send the boy to school rather than the girl. “Hot-sitting” or “double sitting” is another common occurrence that masks the shortage of schools in the country as one group of students come in the morning and then another new group studies in the afternoon or evening.
before students can enter an university
in country or abroad. The academic year in Zimbabwe runs from January to December, with three month terms, broken up by one month holidays, with a total of 40 weeks of school per year. National examinations are written during the third term in November, with "O" level and "A" level subjects also offered in June. These are administered by the Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council
.
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
was made free in 1980 and inequities remaining from the colonial system were lessened. Education was declared a basic human right in Zimbabwe and a non-racial system pursued. However, since 1988, the government has steadily increased the charges attached to school enrollment until they now greatly exceed the real value of fees in 1980. All children in Zimbabwe have the right to education. However, both development levies and tuition fees must be paid. Tuition fees have historically been very low, though development levies have been impediments. The majority of the wealthier portion of the population send their children to independent schools, while the government-run schools are attended by the poorer members of the black population. The Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture
Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture (Zimbabwe)
The Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture is the government ministry responsible for primary and secondary education, sport and culture in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is David Coltart and the deputy minister is Lazarus Dokora.....
of Zimbabwe maintains and operates the government schools but the fees charged by independent schools are regulated by the Cabinet of Zimbabwe
Cabinet of Zimbabwe
The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is an executive body of appointed government ministers. Until 1987, the Cabinet was chaired by the Prime Minister; it is now headed by the President.-Composition:...
.
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
has an adult literacy rate of approximately 90% which is amongst the highest in Africa. However, since 1995 the adult literacy rate of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...
has steadily decreased which is a trend shared by other African countries.
Zimbabwe’s education system was once among the best in Africa, though is currently suffering from a detrimental decline in public funding in conjunction with hyperinflation and political unrest. Until the mid 1990s, Zimbabwe had achieved primary education for all and secondary education for the majority (65 percent). “In the mid-1990s there was a national O-level pass rate of 72 per cent. Last year [2007] it crashed to 11 per cent”.. This culminated in the cancelling of the school year in 2008. Teachers have gone on strike in recent years over low salaries, poor working conditions, political violence and election results, further exasperating the situation.
UNICEF asserts that 94 percent of rural schools, serving the majority of the population were closed in 2009 and 66 of 70 schools abandoned. The attendance rates plummeted from over 80 percent to 20 percent. Learning only resumed in urban cases where teachers’ salaries were covered in US dollars by parents, creating a widening gap between rural and urban schools, and further incensed by a mass fleeing of teachers to neighbouring countries. Urban “type A” schools continue to be better equipped than their rural mission and government sponsored counterparts, causing discrepancies.
Economic downturn has caused numerous vulnerable schoolchildren to drop out over the years, though new programmes aim to rectify the situation. Recently, large investments in education have been provided by UNICEF, the international donor community and the Government of Zimbabwe, through the Educational Transition Fund (ETF) and The Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM). BEAM aims to offset costs for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs). These funds together help combat problems associated with deteriorating buildings, lack of supplies and shortage of resources in general. UNICEF aims to supply each schoolchild with textbooks through BEAM and in 2011, for the first time in decades, around 13 million textbooks will be delivered to Zimbabwe’s primary schools made possible by donations from Scandinavian countries and Germany.
Other challenges face the education sector in Zimbabwe, including having a lower proportion of female students, though The Education Act provides for equal access. With limited resources, parents often choose to send the boy to school rather than the girl. “Hot-sitting” or “double sitting” is another common occurrence that masks the shortage of schools in the country as one group of students come in the morning and then another new group studies in the afternoon or evening.
School grades
Zimbabwe's education system consists of 7 years of primary, 4 years of secondary schooling and 2 years of high schoolHigh school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
before students can enter an university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
in country or abroad. The academic year in Zimbabwe runs from January to December, with three month terms, broken up by one month holidays, with a total of 40 weeks of school per year. National examinations are written during the third term in November, with "O" level and "A" level subjects also offered in June. These are administered by the Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council
Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council
The Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council is a parastatal under the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture, responsible for the administration of public examinations in Zimbabwean schools....
.
Extracurricular activities
A major characteristic of Zimbabwean schools is the high priority given to sports, clubs and activities by the community, the parents, the schools and the students themselves. Extracurricular activities are educational activities not falling within the scope of the regular curriculum but under the supervision of the school. These activities can extend to large amounts of time outside the normal school day; home-schooled students, however, are not normally allowed to participate. Student participation in sports programs, drill teams, bands, and spirit groups can amount to hours of practices and performances.Normal Ages
Primary school (Grade 1) starts from age six: children applying for Grade 1 intake are supposed to be turning six before August of the previous year. Secondary school intake (Form 1) is on the basis of successful completion of Grade 7. Thus most children starting Form 1 are in the year when they turn 13 years old.See also
- Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Zimbabwe
- National Council for Higher Education, ZimbabweNational Council for Higher Education, ZimbabweThe National Council for Higher Education is the parastatal responsible for accreditation of universities in Zimbabwe, under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education....
- List of Schools in Zimbabwe
External links
- Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education
- Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Zimbabwe, Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ)