Edward Fry
Encyclopedia
Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...
, GCMG, PC
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...
, FRS (1827–1918), was a judge in the British Court of Appeal
Court of Appeal of England and Wales
The Court of Appeal of England and Wales is the second most senior court in the English legal system, with only the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom above it...
(1883–1892) and also an arbitrator on the International Permanent Court of Arbitration
Hague Tribunal
Hague Tribunal is a popular name for the Permanent Court of Arbitration established in 1899.*Permanent Court of Arbitration, a permanent arbitration court*Permanent Court of International Justice , superseded by:*International Court of Justice...
. He was a Quaker, son of Joseph Fry (1795-1879)
Fry Family (Chocolate)
The Fry family was prominent in England especially Bristol, in the Society of Friends, and in the confectionery business in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries.-Origins:...
and Mary Ann Swaine.
He was called to the bar in 1854, took silk
Queen's Counsel
Queen's Counsel , known as King's Counsel during the reign of a male sovereign, are lawyers appointed by letters patent to be one of Her [or His] Majesty's Counsel learned in the law...
in 1869 and became a judge in Chancery
Court of equity
A chancery court, equity court or court of equity is a court that is authorized to apply principles of equity, as opposed to law, to cases brought before it.These courts began with petitions to the Lord Chancellor of England...
in 1877. He was raised to the Court of Appeal in 1877 and retired in 1892. Retirement from the court did not mean retirement from legal work. In 1897 he accepted an offer to preside over the royal commission on the Irish Land Acts. He also acted as an arbitrator in the Welsh coal strike
Welsh coal strike of 1898
The Welsh coal strike of 1898 was an industrial dispute involving the colliers of South Wales and Monmouthshire. The strike began as an attempt by the colliers to remove the sliding scale, which determined their wage based on the price of coal...
(1898), the Grimsby fishery dispute (1901) and between the London and North Western Railway Company and its employees (1906, 1907).
He was also involved in international law. In 1902 he acted as an arbitrator at The Hague between the United States and Mexico in the pious funds of California dispute. In 1904 he was the British legal assessor on the commission to investigate the Dogger Bank incident
Dogger Bank incident
The Dogger Bank incident occurred when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers at Dogger Bank for an Imperial Japanese Navy force....
where the Russian navy accidentally attacked a British herring fleet in the North Sea. He was involved in the second Hague Conference (1907). In 1908/1909 he was an arbitrator between France and Germany over a case where France had seized deserters (including some German citizens) from German diplomatic protection
Diplomatic protection
In international law, diplomatic protection is a means for a State to take diplomatic and other action against another State on behalf of its national whose rights and interests have been injured by the other State...
.
Besides law he was on the council of University College London
University College London
University College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
and interested in Zoology (he was elected to the Royal Society
Royal Society
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
in 1883).
He wrote two books on bryophytes, British Mosses (1892) and, with his daughter Agnes, The Liverworts: British and Foreign (1911).
Family
Edward Fry married in 1859 Mariabella Hodgkin (1833–1930), granddaughter of Luke HowardLuke Howard
Luke Howard FRS was a British manufacturing chemist and an amateur meteorologist with broad interests in science...
and sister of the historian, Thomas Hodgkin
Thomas Hodgkin (historian)
Thomas Hodgkin , British historian, son of John Hodgkin , barrister and Quaker minister, and Elizabeth Howard ....
, and they were the parents of among others:
- Joan Mary FryJoan Mary FryJoan Mary Fry was an English social reformer and a Quaker.-Early life:Joan Fry was born on 27 July 1862 in London, into a wealthy family of Quakers...
(1862–1955) Quaker social reformer - Roger FryRoger FryRoger Eliot Fry was an English artist and art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name Post-Impressionism...
(1866–1934) - Artist, member of the Bloomsbury GroupBloomsbury GroupThe Bloomsbury Group or Bloomsbury Set was a group of writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists who held informal discussions in Bloomsbury throughout the 20th century. This English collective of friends and relatives lived, worked or studied near Bloomsbury in London during the first half... - Agnes Fry (1868–1957) - co-writer with her father on several scientific treatise and later wrote a biography of him
- (Sara) Margery FryMargery FryMargery Fry was a British prison reformer as well as one of the first women to become a magistrate.Margery Fry was born in London, the eighth child of Sir Edward Fry and his wife, Mariabella Hodgkin , who were Quakers. She was educated at home until, at the age of 17, she went to Miss Lawrence's...
(1874–1958) - penal reformer, principal of Somerville College (?-1931), founder of the Howard League - Anna Ruth FryRuth FryAnna Ruth Fry, usually known as Ruth Fry was a British Quaker writer, pacifist and peace activist.-Life:...
(1876–1962) - pacifist and Quaker activist
Honours
- 1877 – Knight Bachelor
- 1883 – Appointed to Privy Council
- 1907 – Knight of the Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George.
- 1907 – Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath