Edward Hine
Encyclopedia
Edward Hine was an influential proponent of British Israelism
in the 1870s and 1880s, drawing on the earlier work of Richard Brothers
(1794) and John Wilson
(1845). Hine went as far as to conclude that "It is an utter impossibility for England ever to be defeated. And this is another result arising entirely from the fact of our being Israel."
David Baron
in his The History of the Ten "Lost" Tribes (ch. 2) cites claims identifying Hine himself with the "Deliverer" announced in Romans
11:25:
Hine in turn inspired Edward Wheeler Bird
, who however came to see Hine as a rival rather than an ally. The main point of contention between Bird and Hine was that the former tended to identify all Teutonic
peoples as descendants of the Israelites, while Hine reserved this status for the Anglo-Saxons (interpreting the name "Saxons
" as "sons of Isaac"), preferring for Germany the role of Assyria.
As the institutions created by Bird began to obscure Hine's success in Britain, Hine turned to the United States in search of a new audience. (Barkun 1997, p. 10f.).
with the Canaanites which must be exterminated according to Jewish law
:
Likewise, followers of the Christian Identity
movement claim that they are descendants of the Biblical
Israelites, whereas the Jews are the children of Satan (Ould-Mey p. 11). This development is an inversion of the motivation of Hine, who was in fact a philo-Semite (Barkun 2003, p. xii). The Worldwide Church of God
of Herbert W. Armstrong
also perpetuated Hine's identification of Germany with Assyria
, adding the comparison of the Nazi Holocaust with the destruction of Israel by Sargon II
, into the 1980s.
Works:
Hine also published a journal in the 1870's entitled Life From the Dead: Being a National Journal Associated with Identity of the British Being Lost Israel with John Cox Gawler
.
British Israelism
British Israelism is the belief that people of Western European descent, particularly those in Great Britain, are the direct lineal descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The concept often includes the belief that the British Royal Family is directly descended from the line of King David...
in the 1870s and 1880s, drawing on the earlier work of Richard Brothers
Richard Brothers
Richard Brothers was born in Port Kirwan, Newfoundland and Labrador and became well known as both an early believer and teacher of Anglo-Israelism...
(1794) and John Wilson
John Wilson (historian)
John Wilson was one of the ideological architects of British Israelism alongside Richard Brothers....
(1845). Hine went as far as to conclude that "It is an utter impossibility for England ever to be defeated. And this is another result arising entirely from the fact of our being Israel."
Career
A bank clerk by profession, Hine claimed that he had been inspired by a lecture given by Wilson, which he heard at the age of 15, but he himself did not publish on the topic for nearly thirty years, giving his first public lecture in 1869 (Barkun 1997, p. 10). For several years Hine published a weekly journal, The Nation's Leader, and a monthly magazine, Life from the Dead (from 1873 onwards). He founded "The British-Israel Identity Corporation" in 1880.David Baron
David Baron (Messianic Leader)
David Baron was a Jewish convert to the Christian faith. He, together with co-founder Charles Andrew Schönberger , began the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel missionary organization, in London, with the purpose of converting Jews to Hebrew Christianity. Schönberger founded a branch mission in...
in his The History of the Ten "Lost" Tribes (ch. 2) cites claims identifying Hine himself with the "Deliverer" announced in Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...
11:25:
Are the British people identical with the lost Ten Tribes of Israel? And is the nation, by the identity, being led to glory? If these things are so, then where is the Deliverer? He must have already come out of Zion. He must be doing His great work; He must be amongst us. It is our impression that, by the glory of the work of the identity, we have come to the time of Israel's national salvation by the Deliverer out of Zion, and that Edward Hine and that Deliverer are identical.
Hine in turn inspired Edward Wheeler Bird
Edward Wheeler Bird
Edward Wheeler Bird a retired Anglo-Indian judge founded the British Israelite Movement. Bird was involved in promoting the movement in the late 19th Century.- References :*The Ark at the seat of kings, Eileen Battersby, Irish Times, 19 April 2003...
, who however came to see Hine as a rival rather than an ally. The main point of contention between Bird and Hine was that the former tended to identify all Teutonic
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Indo-European Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.Originating about 1800 BCE from the Corded Ware Culture on the North...
peoples as descendants of the Israelites, while Hine reserved this status for the Anglo-Saxons (interpreting the name "Saxons
Saxons
The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes originating on the North German plain. The Saxons earliest known area of settlement is Northern Albingia, an area approximately that of modern Holstein...
" as "sons of Isaac"), preferring for Germany the role of Assyria.
As the institutions created by Bird began to obscure Hine's success in Britain, Hine turned to the United States in search of a new audience. (Barkun 1997, p. 10f.).
Influence
Hine's ideas thus influenced the nascent Anglo-Israelite movement in the United States, where they are still advocated by some Christian white supremacist fringe groups, which turned to antisemitism, Clifton A. Emahiser's "Church of True Israel" identifying the Anglo-Saxons as the true Israelites and the modern JewsJews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
with the Canaanites which must be exterminated according to Jewish law
613 mitzvot
The 613 commandments is a numbering of the statements and principles of law, ethics, and spiritual practice contained in the Torah or Five Books of Moses...
:
Maybe Great Britain is unaware that the Canaanites are the “Jews”, as we have the same problem in the United States today. Yahweh commissioned Israel to completely exterminate every Canaanite on the face of the earth, thus we better know for sure who they are. (Emahiser, p. 33)
Likewise, followers of the Christian Identity
Christian Identity
Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a racialized theology. Many promote a Eurocentric interpretation of Christianity.According to Chester L...
movement claim that they are descendants of the Biblical
Israelites, whereas the Jews are the children of Satan (Ould-Mey p. 11). This development is an inversion of the motivation of Hine, who was in fact a philo-Semite (Barkun 2003, p. xii). The Worldwide Church of God
Worldwide Church of God
Grace Communion International , formerly the Worldwide Church of God , is an evangelical Christian denomination based in Glendora, California, United States. Since April 3, 2009, it has used the new name Grace Communion International in the US...
of Herbert W. Armstrong
Herbert W. Armstrong
Herbert W. Armstrong founded the Worldwide Church of God in the late 1930s, as well as Ambassador College in 1946, and was an early pioneer of radio and tele-evangelism, originally taking to the airwaves in the 1930s from Eugene, Oregon...
also perpetuated Hine's identification of Germany with Assyria
Assyria and Germany in Anglo-Israelism
In Anglo-Israelism and some currents of U.S. Christian fundamentalism influenced thereby , the idea has been advanced that modern Germans are partly descended from the ancient Assyrians, or, more metaphorically draw parallels between the militarism of the Nazi Germany and the Assyrian one.-British...
, adding the comparison of the Nazi Holocaust with the destruction of Israel by Sargon II
Sargon II
Sargon II was an Assyrian king. Sargon II became co-regent with Shalmaneser V in 722 BC, and became the sole ruler of the kingdom of Assyria in 722 BC after the death of Shalmaneser V. It is not clear whether he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III or a usurper unrelated to the royal family...
, into the 1980s.
Works:
- England's Coming Glories (1880); 2003 reprint, ISBN 978-0766128859.
- The British Nation identified with Lost Israel (1871)
- Seven Identifications
- Twenty-seven Identifications
- Forty-seven Identifications (1878)http://books.google.com/books?id=_7nnI5h_JU0C
Hine also published a journal in the 1870's entitled Life From the Dead: Being a National Journal Associated with Identity of the British Being Lost Israel with John Cox Gawler
John Cox Gawler
Col. John Cox Gawler was a Keeper of the Crown Jewels and British Israelite author.-Life:John Cox Gawler was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel George Gawler. Like his father he served in the military, he first joined the 73rd Regiment and fought in the 8th Xhosa War, 1850 to 1853, later being promoted...
.
Literature
- Robert Roberts, Are Englishmen Israelites? (debate with Edward Hine, Birmingham 1919)
- Robert Roberts, Anglo-Israelism Refuted (1879) http://www.bibletopics.com/BibleStudy/150.htm
- Jewish EncyclopediaJewish EncyclopediaThe Jewish Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia originally published in New York between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. It contained over 15,000 articles in 12 volumes on the history and then-current state of Judaism and the Jews as of 1901...
, s.v. "Anglo-Israelism". - A Darms , The Delusion of British-Israelism: A Comprehensive Treatise (1938)
- Marie King, John Wilson and Edward Hine (Destiny Magazine, January 1948) http://www.originofnations.org/old_bi_literature/john_wilson_and_edward_hine.htmhttp://www.israelect.com/reference/CliftonAEmahiser/studies/History%20of%20Israel-Edward%20Hine.pdf
- Clifton A. Emahiser, reprint of Hine's IDENTITY Of The Ten Lost Tribes Of Israel With The Anglo-Celto-Saxons with commentaries, Clifton A. Emahiser’s Teaching Ministries http://www.originofnations.org/old_bi_literature/john_wilson_and_edward_hine.htmhttp://www.israelect.com/reference/CliftonAEmahiser/studies/History%20of%20Israel-Edward%20Hine.pdf
- Mohameden Ould-Mey, The Non-Jewish Origin of Zionism, International Journal of the Humanities (2003).
- Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (1997), ISBN ISBN 0807846384.