Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair
Encyclopedia
Admiral Sir Edwyn Sinclair Alexander-Sinclair, GCB
, MVO
(1865 – 13 November 1945) was a British
Royal Navy
officer, notable for firing the first shots of the Battle of Jutland
, and for leading a squadron of light cruiser
s in the Baltic
to support independence of Estonia
and Latvia
in 1918-19.
and educated at Twyford School
, Alexander-Sinclair joined the Royal Navy
as a Cadet in 1879 at the age of 14, becoming a Midshipman 2½ years later.
He was made Lieutenant in 1890, and served as Flag-Lieutenant to both Admiral Tracey and Admiral Sir Michael Culme-Seymour
, gaining promotion to Commander in January 1901. He then had two sea commands, the destroyer from February 1902 until January 1904, then the despatch vessel until 1905.
He was promoted to Captain in 1905, and was appointed commander of the Royal Naval College, Osborne, serving there until 1908, when he received the MVO
.
Between May 1911 and August 1913 he was captain of HMS Victory
, the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
.
In 1914, at the start of World War I
, Alexander-Sinclair was captain of the dreadnought , before flying his flag in from 1915 as Commodore of the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron.
He received the CB for his part in the destruction of Zeppelin L 7 on 4 May 1916.
On 31 May 1916 it was the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron under Alexander-Sinclair that first engaged scouting vessels of the German High Seas Fleet
and signalled "enemy in sight", leading to the Battle of Jutland
, after which he received a Mention in Despatches from Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty
, commander of the Battlecruiser Fleet, and the Russian Order of St. Vladimir
(Third Class) with swords.
Promoted to Rear Admiral in 1917, he then commanded the 6th Light Cruiser Squadron, flying his flag in . In November 1918 Alexander-Sinclair was given the honour of leading the surrendered German Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow
, and awarded the KCB.
Soon afterwards, in December 1918, Alexander-Sinclair's 6th Squadron was sent to the Baltic, at the request of Estonian Government, to take part in the Estonian War of Independence. They delivered 6500 rifles, 200 machine guns and two field guns. The British squadron also captured two Russian destroyers, Spartak and Avtroil, and turned them over to Estonia, which renamed them Vambola and Lennuk. Alexander-Sinclair then blockaded the Russian Navy base at Kronstadt
until relieved by the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron under Rear-Admiral Walter Cowan
.
Alexander-Sinclair was Admiral-Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard from 1920 to 1922, and then as Vice Admiral, commanded the 1st Battle Squadron, Atlantic Fleet from 1922 to 1924, before serving as Commander-in-Chief, China Station
from 1925 to 1926, and after promotion to Admiral, as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore from 1927 to 1930. He retired in 1930.
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Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...
, MVO
Royal Victorian Order
The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry recognising distinguished personal service to the order's Sovereign, the reigning monarch of the Commonwealth realms, any members of her family, or any of her viceroys...
(1865 – 13 November 1945) was a British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
officer, notable for firing the first shots of the Battle of Jutland
Battle of Jutland
The Battle of Jutland was a naval battle between the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet during the First World War. The battle was fought on 31 May and 1 June 1916 in the North Sea near Jutland, Denmark. It was the largest naval battle and the only...
, and for leading a squadron of light cruiser
Light cruiser
A light cruiser is a type of small- or medium-sized warship. The term is a shortening of the phrase "light armored cruiser", describing a small ship that carried armor in the same way as an armored cruiser: a protective belt and deck...
s in the Baltic
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
to support independence of Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
and Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
in 1918-19.
Naval career
Born in MaltaMalta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
and educated at Twyford School
Twyford School
Twyford School is a co-educational, independent, preparatory boarding and day school, located in the village of Twyford, Hampshire.-History:Twyford claims to be the oldest preparatory school in the United Kingdom....
, Alexander-Sinclair joined the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
as a Cadet in 1879 at the age of 14, becoming a Midshipman 2½ years later.
He was made Lieutenant in 1890, and served as Flag-Lieutenant to both Admiral Tracey and Admiral Sir Michael Culme-Seymour
Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, 3rd Baronet
Admiral Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, 3rd Baronet was a senior Royal Navy officer. On 17 September 1880 he became 3rd Baronet, on the death of his father...
, gaining promotion to Commander in January 1901. He then had two sea commands, the destroyer from February 1902 until January 1904, then the despatch vessel until 1905.
He was promoted to Captain in 1905, and was appointed commander of the Royal Naval College, Osborne, serving there until 1908, when he received the MVO
Royal Victorian Order
The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry recognising distinguished personal service to the order's Sovereign, the reigning monarch of the Commonwealth realms, any members of her family, or any of her viceroys...
.
Between May 1911 and August 1913 he was captain of HMS Victory
HMS Victory
HMS Victory is a 104-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, laid down in 1759 and launched in 1765. She is most famous as Lord Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805....
, the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
The Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth was a senior commander of the Royal Navy for hundreds of years. Portsmouth Command was a name given to the units, establishments, and staff operating under the post.-History:...
.
In 1914, at the start of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Alexander-Sinclair was captain of the dreadnought , before flying his flag in from 1915 as Commodore of the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron.
He received the CB for his part in the destruction of Zeppelin L 7 on 4 May 1916.
On 31 May 1916 it was the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron under Alexander-Sinclair that first engaged scouting vessels of the German High Seas Fleet
High Seas Fleet
The High Seas Fleet was the battle fleet of the German Empire and saw action during World War I. The formation was created in February 1907, when the Home Fleet was renamed as the High Seas Fleet. Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz was the architect of the fleet; he envisioned a force powerful enough to...
and signalled "enemy in sight", leading to the Battle of Jutland
Battle of Jutland
The Battle of Jutland was a naval battle between the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet during the First World War. The battle was fought on 31 May and 1 June 1916 in the North Sea near Jutland, Denmark. It was the largest naval battle and the only...
, after which he received a Mention in Despatches from Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty
David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty
Admiral of the Fleet David Richard Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, GCB, OM, GCVO, DSO was an admiral in the Royal Navy...
, commander of the Battlecruiser Fleet, and the Russian Order of St. Vladimir
Order of St. Vladimir
The Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
(Third Class) with swords.
Promoted to Rear Admiral in 1917, he then commanded the 6th Light Cruiser Squadron, flying his flag in . In November 1918 Alexander-Sinclair was given the honour of leading the surrendered German Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow
Scapa Flow
right|thumb|Scapa Flow viewed from its eastern endScapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray, South Ronaldsay and Hoy. It is about...
, and awarded the KCB.
Soon afterwards, in December 1918, Alexander-Sinclair's 6th Squadron was sent to the Baltic, at the request of Estonian Government, to take part in the Estonian War of Independence. They delivered 6500 rifles, 200 machine guns and two field guns. The British squadron also captured two Russian destroyers, Spartak and Avtroil, and turned them over to Estonia, which renamed them Vambola and Lennuk. Alexander-Sinclair then blockaded the Russian Navy base at Kronstadt
Kronstadt
Kronstadt , also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt |crown]]" and Stadt for "city"); is a municipal town in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg proper near the head of the Gulf of Finland. Population: It is also...
until relieved by the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron under Rear-Admiral Walter Cowan
Walter Cowan
Admiral Sir Walter Henry Cowan, 1st Baronet, KCB, MVO, DSO & & Bar , known as Tich Cowan, was a British Royal Navy admiral who saw service in both World War I and World War II; in the latter he was one of the oldest British servicemen on active duty.-Early days:Cowan was born in Crickhowell,...
.
Alexander-Sinclair was Admiral-Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard from 1920 to 1922, and then as Vice Admiral, commanded the 1st Battle Squadron, Atlantic Fleet from 1922 to 1924, before serving as Commander-in-Chief, China Station
China Station
The China Station was a historical formation of the British Royal Navy. It was formally the units and establishments responsible to the Commander-in-Chief, China....
from 1925 to 1926, and after promotion to Admiral, as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore from 1927 to 1930. He retired in 1930.
See also
- Estonian War of Independence
- Englannin laivastotoimet Itämerllä 1918 - 1921
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