The Emperor of Mexico was the head of state and ruler of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century.

With the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is the foundational document of the empire, and therefore, of the Mexican nation. The morning after the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City on September 28, 1821, Agustín de Iturbide ordered the Supreme Provisional Governmental...

 from Spain

Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power....

 in 1821, Mexico became an independent monarchy—the First Mexican Empire

First Mexican Empire

The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper...

 (1822–1823). The monarchy was soon replaced by the First Republic of Mexico. In turn, Mexico reverted back into a monarchy in the 1860s, during the Second Mexican Empire

Second Mexican Empire

The Second Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867. It was created by Napoleon III of France, who attempted to use the Mexican adventure to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times...

 (1864–1867).

First Mexican Empire (1822–1823)

Portrait	Name	Emperor From	Emperor Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Agustín I	19 May 1822	19 March 1823	N/A

Pretender to Mexico (1824–1864)

Portrait	Name	Pretender From	Pretender Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Agustín Jerónimo	19 July 1824	10 April 1864	Son of Agustín I

Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)

Portrait	Name	Emperor From	Emperor Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Maximilian I Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on April 10, 1864, with the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican monarchists who sought to revive the Mexican monarchy...	10 April 1864	15 May 1867	Maximilian I adopted the grandsons of Agustín I, Agustín de Iturbide y Green Agustín de Iturbide y Green Don Agustín de Iturbide y Green, Prince of Iturbide was the grandson of Agustín de Iturbide, the first emperor of independent Mexico, and his consort Empress Ana María...  and his cousin Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán.

Pretender to Mexico (1949–Present)

Portrait	Name	Pretender From	Pretender Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Maximilian von Götzen-Itúrbide Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide Maximiliano Gustav Richard Albrecht Agustin von Götzen-Iturbide Maximiliano Gustav Richard Albrecht Agustin von Götzen-Iturbide Maximiliano Gustav Richard Albrecht Agustin von Götzen-Iturbide (born March 2, 1944 in Bistriţa, Romania (then Hungary), is the current head of the former Imperial House...	? November 1949	Present	Great-great grandson of Agustín I, and current head of the House of Iturbide House of Iturbide The House of Iturbide is the former Imperial House of Mexico. It was founded by Agustín de Iturbide in 1822 when the newly independent Mexican congress confirmed his title of Agustín I, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico...  and the House of Habsburg-Iturbide House of Habsburg-Iturbide The House of Habsburg-Itúrbide is the second royal house after the House of Itúrbide In 1822 when the newly independent Mexican congress confirmed the title of Agustín I, Constitutional Emperor of Mexico on Agustín de Itúrbide, a Mexican general. After the demise of the First Mexican Empire less... .

See also

• History of Mexico
  History of Mexico
  The history of Mexico, a country located in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than two millennia. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, the country produced complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered by the Spanish in the 16th Century.Since the...
  
  
• Empress of Mexico
• First Mexican Empire
  First Mexican Empire
  The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper...
  
  
• Second Mexican Empire
  Second Mexican Empire
  The Second Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867. It was created by Napoleon III of France, who attempted to use the Mexican adventure to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times...