En chamade
Encyclopedia
Pipe organ
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air through pipes selected via a keyboard. Because each organ pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ranks, each of which has a common timbre and volume throughout the keyboard compass...
that have been mounted horizontally, rather than vertically, in the front of the organ case, projecting out into the church or concert hall. They produce a commanding, loud trumpet-like tone, used for fanfares and solos.
Any stop mounted en chamade will be much louder than a stop elsewhere in the organ, even though in church organs the stops stand on the same windpressure. In theatre and concert organs, en chamade stops often stand on higher windpressure than the other stops, to sound even more powerful and commanding.
First seen in Iberia
Iberia
The name Iberia refers to three historical regions of the old world:* Iberian Peninsula, in Southwest Europe, location of modern-day Portugal and Spain** Prehistoric Iberia...
n and Mexican organs of the early eighteenth century, it came in many forms to form choruses in divided registers: the Trompeta de Batalla (8'), Bajoncillo(4'), Bajo (16'), Violeta (2'), Trompeta Magna (16'), the Claríns (either 8' or 4', the smaller ones in conjunction with the trompetas). Unlike the modern chamade trumpet, these all stood on pressures of 55 mm, which is about 2 inches, compared to anywhere from 10 inches to 50 inches. Often confused with these are the Trompeta Reales, or Trombeta Reales, which were always located inside of the case.*
Another example, first referred to as a trompette 'en chamade is located in an organ built in Provence
Provence
Provence ; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a region of south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur...
in 1772. The term was popularized by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll was a French organ builder. He is considered by many to be the greatest organ builder of the 19th century because he combined both science and art to make his instruments...
in his organs of the nineteenth century.
- Neobaroque organ builders such as Schlicker made an En Chamade stop by this name.
Chamade
Chamade
In war, a chamade was a certain beat of a drum, or sound of a trumpet, which was given the enemy as a kind of signal, to inform them of some proposition to be made to the commander; either to capitulate, to have leave to bury their dead, make a truce, etc. Ménage derives the word from the Italian...
was a trumpet call designed to be heard across the battlefield in the enemy camp, just before a charge.