Endicott, New York
Encyclopedia
Endicott is a village in Broome County
, New York
, United States
. The population was 13,038 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Binghamton
Metropolitan Statistical Area
. The village is named after Henry B. Endicott, a founding member of the Endicott Johnson Corporation
shoe manufacturing company, who founded the community as the "'Home of the Square Deal'".
The Village of Endicott is in the Town of Union
and is west of Binghamton
, New York
. The town is served by the Greater Binghamton Airport
/Edwin A Link Field. It is part of the "Triple Cities", along with Binghamton
and Johnson City
.
The Endicott Johnson Corporation
(EJ) grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company which began in Binghamton in 1854. In 1890, the Lester Brothers moved their business west to a nearby rural area, which in 1892 was incorporated as the Village of Lestershire and in 1916 became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced the sale of the company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Brahmin
Henry Bradford Endicott of Massachusetts, who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899 made factory foreman George F. Johnson
his partner. The village of Endicott is named after Henry B. Endicott.
George F. Johnson was a brilliant businessman and under his direction the Endicott Shoe Company became very prosperous very quickly. The orders pouring in made expansion necessary and the next parcel of inexpensive, level land along the railroad and safely above the flood plain was the area around what is now the intersection of North St. and Washington Avenue in what is now Endicott. What was by then the Endicott-Johnson Corporation purchased this land and several large tracts around it and built a number of state-of-the-art factories along the railroad line. Anticipating population growth, the company also surveyed and laid out the current street patten of most of Endicott north of Main Street, so in this sense, Endicott was a "planned community". However, because of an initial lack of housing, from 1900 to 1910 most workers commuted on a horse-drawn streetcar line connecting Johnson City to Endicott along the current route of New York State Route 17C.
Endicott grew and flourished due to massive numbers of immigrants who came to the area to work for EJ, predominantly from southern and eastern Europe. "Which way EJ?" was said to be what they asked immigration officials at Ellis Island in New York City, but it is far more likely that they had already memorized the addresses of relatives or friends living in Endicott. The company also maintained recruiting sites in Italy and the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century. Endicott-Johnson's employment in the region reached a peak of about 20,000 in the early 1920s.
In an innovative and far-sighted policy, George F. Johnson made sections of the company's land holdings outside the factory district available to workers to build homes on, with financing provided by the company, and title reverting to the worker when the loan was paid off. Along with extensive company provided recreational facilities and medical clinics (unheard of at the time and decades before government took over these responsibilities), this "Square Deal" of the early 20th century is commemorated by stone arches erected by the workers in 1920 across Route 17C (Main St.) at the entrances to Endicott and Johnson City.
Endicott-Johnson was hurt by the Depression of the 1930s, but since shoes were a necessity, did better than other manufacturing sectors of the economy. Orders for shoes from the military in World War II in the 1940s propelled employment over the peak attained in the early 1920s. Unfortunately, the management of Endicott-Johnson after the death of George F. Johnson in 1948 couldn't cope with a more affluent era in the 1950s and 1960s when footwear became mainly a fashion business in the United States. Loss of market share resulted in the closing and sale of the Endicott factories by the 1970s.
Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of IBM". The Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTRC) was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911 via the merger of the International Time Recording Company (ITR), Tabulating Machine Company, Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. The Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation changed its name to the easier to remember International Business Machines Corporation (IBM
) in 1924. Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with a "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex in Endicott just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The original Bundy building (a Binghamton company) was erected on North Street as early as 1906 and stands to this day. Many of the IBM factory buildings, including Factory #1 and the IBM Schoolhouse, still stand to this day. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II.
The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of the major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive, Thomas J. Watson, a businessman who turned out to be just as brilliant as George F. Johnson, realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punch cards and data processing with IBM sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in a day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original Social Security contract. The factory complex centered at North St. and McKinley Ave. expanded rapidly in the late 1930s and early 1940s.
The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. IBM's expertise in data processing was crucial to the development of electronic machines that could break military codes, a top priority at the time. These machines were the first computers.
Several of the IBM factories in Endicott were converted to arms production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols).
After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing, a significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott were the first to provide reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and large corporations in the 1950s. This first "information revolution" transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of the second half of the 20th century.
The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of Endwell (to the immediate east) and Vestal (to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in the region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid 1980s.
IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the Town of Union (3 miles to the west) and in Owego (9 miles to the west, now owned by Lockheed Martin
). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in the region worked at these sites. A circuit board fabricating plant was also built on North St. adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s.
As IBM became a global corporation after the Second World War, corporate headquarters moved to suburban New York City and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM now leases several buildings in the complex and employment is currently estimated at 600-800. These jobs are entirely in research and development and there is no longer any manufacturing at IBM-Endicott.
There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places
. These include two carousels. For more information, see National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York.
The Triple Cities College, a branch of Syracuse University
, was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the SUNY
system, and moved to its present location in Vestal
, where it is now known as Binghamton University
(BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU, the Cider Mill Playhouse
now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott.
The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the PGA Tour
's B.C. Open
. Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from Arnold Palmer to Tiger Woods. In 2000 the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the British Open
for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on the PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first Dick's Sporting Goods Open a Champions Tour
stop.
and the Southern Tier Expressway (NYS Route 17).
Endicott is located at 42°6′11"N 76°3′17"W (42.103074, -76.054687).
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the village has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8 km²), all land.
of 2000, there were 13,038 people, 5,996 households, and 3,015 families residing in the village. The population density
was 4,156.1 people per square mile (1,603.2/km²). There were 6,686 housing units at an average density of 2,131.3 per square mile (822.1/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 91.65% White, 3.75% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races
, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population.
There were 5,996 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples
living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.7% were non-families. 41.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the village the population was spread out with 21.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,032, and the median income for a family was $35,858. Males had a median income of $27,780 versus $21,320 for females. The per capita income
for the village was $17,274. About 15.4% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.
In 2002, scientists discovered a large underground chemical plume, which was releasing toxic gases into homes and offices in a 350 acres (1.4 km²) swath south of the plant. The main chemical was a liquid cleaning agent called trichloroethylene (TCE), which has been linked to cancer and other illnesses.
Following an initial feasibility assessment, in 2008 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) began a health study of former IBM Endicott employees to determine if they are more likely to develop certain types of cancer
than the general public. NIOSH estimated the cost of the study at $3.1 million. The scope of the study was later expanded to include kidney failure among the employees and birth defects among their children. The results of the study will not be available until at least 2012.
Since the Plume has been discovered, methods including warming the ground area and pulling tainted ground water have decreased the size and intensity of the plume. The Village of Endicott has been working with the New York State DEC to remeady this concern.
Broome County, New York
Broome County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 200,600. It was named in honor of John Broome, who was lieutenant governor in 1806 when Broome County was established. Its county seat is Binghamton, which is also its major city. The current...
, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 13,038 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Binghamton
Binghamton, New York
Binghamton is a city in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It is near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers...
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Binghamton metropolitan area
The Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area, also called Greater Binghamton, is a region of southern upstate New York in the Northeastern United States, anchored by the city of Binghamton...
. The village is named after Henry B. Endicott, a founding member of the Endicott Johnson Corporation
Endicott Johnson Corporation
The Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company was a prosperous manufacturer of shoes based in New York's Southern Tier, with factories mostly located in the area's Triple Cities of Binghamton, Johnson City, and Endicott...
shoe manufacturing company, who founded the community as the "'Home of the Square Deal'".
The Village of Endicott is in the Town of Union
Union, New York
Union is a town in Broome County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 56,298. The name derives from the town having served as a rendezvous for the Sullivan Expedition....
and is west of Binghamton
Binghamton, New York
Binghamton is a city in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It is near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers...
, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
. The town is served by the Greater Binghamton Airport
Greater Binghamton Airport
Greater Binghamton Airport is a medium-sized regional airport located in Maine, New York that serves the Southern Tier of New York, primarily Broome and Tioga counties....
/Edwin A Link Field. It is part of the "Triple Cities", along with Binghamton
Binghamton, New York
Binghamton is a city in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It is near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers...
and Johnson City
Johnson City, New York
Johnson City is a village in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 15,535 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area....
.
History
The village of Endicott was originally made up of two distinct villages: "Union Village" (now the historic business district at the intersections of NYS Route 26 and NYS Route 17C), incorporated in 1892, and Endicott (whose center was along Washington Ave. and North St.), which was incorporated in 1906. Union was a market town along the Susquehanna River settled in the 1790s, serving the farming area between Binghamton and Owego. Endicott and Union were merged into a single village in 1921, as the two villages had grown so much that there was no distinction between them.The Endicott Johnson Corporation
Endicott Johnson Corporation
The Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company was a prosperous manufacturer of shoes based in New York's Southern Tier, with factories mostly located in the area's Triple Cities of Binghamton, Johnson City, and Endicott...
(EJ) grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company which began in Binghamton in 1854. In 1890, the Lester Brothers moved their business west to a nearby rural area, which in 1892 was incorporated as the Village of Lestershire and in 1916 became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced the sale of the company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Brahmin
Boston Brahmin
Boston Brahmins are wealthy Yankee families characterized by a highly discreet and inconspicuous life style. Based in and around Boston, they form an integral part of the historic core of the East Coast establishment...
Henry Bradford Endicott of Massachusetts, who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899 made factory foreman George F. Johnson
George F. Johnson
George Francis Johnson was an American businessman.-Early life:George Francis Johnson was born in Milford, Massachusetts on October 14, 1857 to Francis A. Johnson and Sarah Jane Johnson. His siblings were Oscar, C. Fred Johnson, Harry L., and Charlotte...
his partner. The village of Endicott is named after Henry B. Endicott.
George F. Johnson was a brilliant businessman and under his direction the Endicott Shoe Company became very prosperous very quickly. The orders pouring in made expansion necessary and the next parcel of inexpensive, level land along the railroad and safely above the flood plain was the area around what is now the intersection of North St. and Washington Avenue in what is now Endicott. What was by then the Endicott-Johnson Corporation purchased this land and several large tracts around it and built a number of state-of-the-art factories along the railroad line. Anticipating population growth, the company also surveyed and laid out the current street patten of most of Endicott north of Main Street, so in this sense, Endicott was a "planned community". However, because of an initial lack of housing, from 1900 to 1910 most workers commuted on a horse-drawn streetcar line connecting Johnson City to Endicott along the current route of New York State Route 17C.
Endicott grew and flourished due to massive numbers of immigrants who came to the area to work for EJ, predominantly from southern and eastern Europe. "Which way EJ?" was said to be what they asked immigration officials at Ellis Island in New York City, but it is far more likely that they had already memorized the addresses of relatives or friends living in Endicott. The company also maintained recruiting sites in Italy and the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century. Endicott-Johnson's employment in the region reached a peak of about 20,000 in the early 1920s.
In an innovative and far-sighted policy, George F. Johnson made sections of the company's land holdings outside the factory district available to workers to build homes on, with financing provided by the company, and title reverting to the worker when the loan was paid off. Along with extensive company provided recreational facilities and medical clinics (unheard of at the time and decades before government took over these responsibilities), this "Square Deal" of the early 20th century is commemorated by stone arches erected by the workers in 1920 across Route 17C (Main St.) at the entrances to Endicott and Johnson City.
Endicott-Johnson was hurt by the Depression of the 1930s, but since shoes were a necessity, did better than other manufacturing sectors of the economy. Orders for shoes from the military in World War II in the 1940s propelled employment over the peak attained in the early 1920s. Unfortunately, the management of Endicott-Johnson after the death of George F. Johnson in 1948 couldn't cope with a more affluent era in the 1950s and 1960s when footwear became mainly a fashion business in the United States. Loss of market share resulted in the closing and sale of the Endicott factories by the 1970s.
Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of IBM". The Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTRC) was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911 via the merger of the International Time Recording Company (ITR), Tabulating Machine Company, Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. The Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation changed its name to the easier to remember International Business Machines Corporation (IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
) in 1924. Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with a "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex in Endicott just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The original Bundy building (a Binghamton company) was erected on North Street as early as 1906 and stands to this day. Many of the IBM factory buildings, including Factory #1 and the IBM Schoolhouse, still stand to this day. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II.
The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of the major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive, Thomas J. Watson, a businessman who turned out to be just as brilliant as George F. Johnson, realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punch cards and data processing with IBM sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in a day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original Social Security contract. The factory complex centered at North St. and McKinley Ave. expanded rapidly in the late 1930s and early 1940s.
The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. IBM's expertise in data processing was crucial to the development of electronic machines that could break military codes, a top priority at the time. These machines were the first computers.
Several of the IBM factories in Endicott were converted to arms production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols).
After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing, a significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott were the first to provide reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and large corporations in the 1950s. This first "information revolution" transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of the second half of the 20th century.
The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of Endwell (to the immediate east) and Vestal (to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in the region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid 1980s.
IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the Town of Union (3 miles to the west) and in Owego (9 miles to the west, now owned by Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin is an American global aerospace, defense, security, and advanced technology company with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995. It is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, in the Washington Metropolitan Area....
). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in the region worked at these sites. A circuit board fabricating plant was also built on North St. adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s.
As IBM became a global corporation after the Second World War, corporate headquarters moved to suburban New York City and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM now leases several buildings in the complex and employment is currently estimated at 600-800. These jobs are entirely in research and development and there is no longer any manufacturing at IBM-Endicott.
There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
. These include two carousels. For more information, see National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York.
The Triple Cities College, a branch of Syracuse University
Syracuse University
Syracuse University is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College...
, was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the SUNY
State University of New York
The State University of New York, abbreviated SUNY , is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. It is the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States, with a total enrollment of 465,000 students, plus...
system, and moved to its present location in Vestal
Vestal, New York
Vestal is a town within Broome County in the Southern Tier of New York, and lies between the Susquehanna River and the Pennsylvania border. As of the 2000 census, the population was 26,535, estimated to have grown to 27,369 in 2009....
, where it is now known as Binghamton University
Binghamton University
Binghamton University, also formally called State University of New York at Binghamton, , is a public research university in the State of New York. The University is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York system...
(BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU, the Cider Mill Playhouse
Cider Mill Playhouse
The Cider Mill Playhouse in Endicott, New York, is a theater producing comedies, dramas and musicals. It is a member of the Theatre Communications Group.- History :...
now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott.
The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the PGA Tour
PGA Tour
The PGA Tour is the organizer of the main men's professional golf tours in the United States and North America...
's B.C. Open
B.C. Open
The Dick's Sporting Goods Open is a Champions Tour event. It debuted in July 2007, supplanting the B.C. Open, a now-defunct PGA Tour event, which was held annually from 1971 to 2006. It is sponsored by Dick's Sporting Goods....
. Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from Arnold Palmer to Tiger Woods. In 2000 the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the British Open
British Open
The British Open is the Open Championship men's golf tournament.British Open may also refer to:* Women's British Open of golf* British Open Show Jumping Championships* British Open Squash Championships...
for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on the PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first Dick's Sporting Goods Open a Champions Tour
Champions Tour
The Champions Tour, a golf tour run by the PGA Tour, hosts a series of events annually in the United States and the United Kingdom for golfers 50 years of age and older. Many of the PGA Tour's most successful golfers have gone on to play on the Champions Tour.The Senior PGA Championship, founded in...
stop.
Geography
The village is on the north side of the Susquehanna RiverSusquehanna River
The Susquehanna River is a river located in the northeastern United States. At long, it is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean, and with its watershed it is the 16th largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the continental United...
and the Southern Tier Expressway (NYS Route 17).
Endicott is located at 42°6′11"N 76°3′17"W (42.103074, -76.054687).
According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the village has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8 km²), all land.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 13,038 people, 5,996 households, and 3,015 families residing in the village. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 4,156.1 people per square mile (1,603.2/km²). There were 6,686 housing units at an average density of 2,131.3 per square mile (822.1/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 91.65% White, 3.75% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population.
There were 5,996 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.7% were non-families. 41.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the village the population was spread out with 21.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,032, and the median income for a family was $35,858. Males had a median income of $27,780 versus $21,320 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the village was $17,274. About 15.4% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.
Pollution
For much of its history, IBM dumped tons of industrial solvents, used to clean computer parts, down drains. The solvents also leached from leaky pipes into the ground for years before environmental rules required that such "spills" be reported.In 2002, scientists discovered a large underground chemical plume, which was releasing toxic gases into homes and offices in a 350 acres (1.4 km²) swath south of the plant. The main chemical was a liquid cleaning agent called trichloroethylene (TCE), which has been linked to cancer and other illnesses.
Following an initial feasibility assessment, in 2008 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is the United States’ federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention within the U.S...
(NIOSH) began a health study of former IBM Endicott employees to determine if they are more likely to develop certain types of cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
than the general public. NIOSH estimated the cost of the study at $3.1 million. The scope of the study was later expanded to include kidney failure among the employees and birth defects among their children. The results of the study will not be available until at least 2012.
Since the Plume has been discovered, methods including warming the ground area and pulling tainted ground water have decreased the size and intensity of the plume. The Village of Endicott has been working with the New York State DEC to remeady this concern.
People from Endicott
- Eric AppelEric AppelEric Appel is a writer and director currently residing in Los Angeles, California. He has written for MTV's Human Giant, The Andy Milonakis Show and Crank Yankers....
, TV comedy writer/director - Hermon Card, poet, photojournalist
- Anthony GeorgeAnthony GeorgeAnthony George was an American actor mostly seen on television. He is best known for roles of Don Corley in Checkmate, Burke Devlin and Jeremiah Collins on Dark Shadows, and Dr. Will Vernon on One Life to Live....
, TV soap opera actor - Johnny HartJohnny HartJohnny Hart was an American cartoonist noted as the creator of the comic strip B.C. and co-creator of the strip The Wizard of Id. Hart was recognized with several awards, including the Swedish Adamson Award and five from the National Cartoonists Society...
, cartoonistCartoonistA cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is usually humorous, mainly created for entertainment, political commentary or advertising...
(B.C., The Wizard of IdThe Wizard of IdThe Wizard of Id is a daily newspaper comic strip created by American cartoonists Brant Parker and Johnny Hart. Beginning in 1964, the strip follows the antics of a large cast of characters in a shabby medieval kingdom called "Id". From time to time, the king refers to his subjects as "Idiots"...
) - Thomas HopkoThomas HopkoThomas Hopko is an Orthodox Christian priest and theologian. He was the Dean of Saint Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary from September 1992 until July 1, 2002 and taught dogmatic theology there from 1968 until 2002. Now retired, he carries the honorary title of Dean Emeritus.- Life and...
, Eastern Orthodox theologian - Douglas Hurley, NASANASAThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
astronaut - Jim Johnson, baseballMajor League BaseballMajor League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...
player - Jon JonesJon Jones (fighter)Jonathan Dwight Jones is an American mixed martial artist from Endicott, New York. He is the current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion....
, Professional Mixed Martial Arts fighter. - Arthur JonesArthur Jones (American football)Arthur Willis Jones III is an American football defensive end for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Ravens in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Syracuse....
, National Football LeagueNational Football LeagueThe National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...
defensive line - Isaiah KacyvenskiIsaiah KacyvenskiIsaiah J. Kacyvenski [kaz-uh-VIN-ski] is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the fourth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Harvard.Kacyvenski also spent time with the St. Louis Rams and Oakland...
, professional footballNational Football LeagueThe National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...
linebackerLinebackerA linebacker is a position in American football that was invented by football coach Fielding H. Yost of the University of Michigan. Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen... - Ron LucianoRon LucianoRonald Michael Luciano was an American Major League Baseball umpire from 1969 to 1979 in the American League...
, baseball umpireUmpire (baseball)In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling the disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump... - Johnny LoganJohnny Logan (baseball player)John Logan, Jr. is a former shortstop in Major League Baseball. Logan was signed by the Boston Braves in 1947. He was a four-time All-Star and led the National League in doubles in 1955...
, baseballMajor League BaseballMajor League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...
player, four-time All-StarMajor League Baseball All-Star GameThe Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also known as the "Midsummer Classic", is an annual baseball game between players from the National League and the American League, currently selected by a combination of fans, players, coaches, and managers... - Camille PagliaCamille PagliaCamille Anna Paglia , is an American author, teacher, and social critic. Paglia, a self-described dissident feminist, has been a Professor at The University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania since 1984...
, author and social critic - Chris Riley U.S. soccer midfielder American USL Second DivisionUSL Second DivisionThe United Soccer Leagues Second Division was a professional men's soccer league in the United States, part of the United Soccer Leagues league pyramid...
- Amy SedarisAmy SedarisAmy Louise Sedaris is an American actress, author, and comedian. She is known for playing the character Jerri Blank in the Comedy Central television series Strangers with Candy. Sedaris regularly collaborates with her older brother, humorist and author David Sedaris...
, comedian - David SedarisDavid SedarisDavid Sedaris is a Grammy Award-nominated American humorist, writer, comedian, bestselling author, and radio contributor....
, author - Rod SerlingRod SerlingRodman Edward "Rod" Serling was an American screenwriter, novelist, television producer, and narrator best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his science fiction anthology TV series, The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen and helped form...
, creator of The Twilight ZoneThe Twilight ZoneThe Twilight Zone is an American television anthology series created by Rod Serling. Each episode is a mixture of self-contained drama, psychological thriller, fantasy, science fiction, suspense, or horror, often concluding with a macabre or unexpected twist... - Gary WilsonGary Wilson (musician)Gary Wilson is an experimental musician/performance artist best known for his 1977 album You Think You Really Know Me, after which he promptly retired from recording and performing concerts...
, musician and performance artist