Endothenia quadrimaculana
Encyclopedia
Endothenia quadrimaculana is a moth
Moth
A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...

 of the Tortricidae
Tortricidae
Tortricidae is a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths, in the order Lepidoptera. Tortricidae is a large family with over 9,400 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea. Many of these are economically important pests. Olethreutidae is a junior synonym...

 family. It is found from northern and central Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

 to Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...

 and south-eastern Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

, Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...

 and China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

. Subspecies nubilana is found in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

.

The wingspan
Wingspan
The wingspan of an airplane or a bird, is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777 has a wingspan of about ; and a Wandering Albatross caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird.The term wingspan, more technically extent, is...

 is 18–22 mm. In France and Switzerland, there are two generations per year. Adults are on wing in May and June and again in August and September.

The larvae feed on Mentha spicata, Mentha arvensis
Mentha arvensis
Mentha arvensis is a species of mint with a circumboreal distribution. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya and eastern Siberia, and North America.It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 10–60 cm tall...

, Lamium album
Lamium album
Lamium album is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and Western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils.-Growth:...

, Stachys palustris
Stachys palustris
Stachys palustris, commonly known as Marsh Woundwort or Marsh Hedgenettle, is an edible perennial grassland herb growing to 80 centimeters tall. It is native to parts of Eurasia.-External links:**...

, Stachys arvensis
Stachys arvensis
Stachys arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names staggerweed and field woundwort. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. It is known on other continents as an introduced species and widespread weed.It grows in many types of habitat,...

, Stachys recta
Stachys recta
Stachys recta, commonly known as Stiff Hedgenettle or Perennial yellow woundwort, is herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family.-Etymology:...

and Symphytum officinale
Symphytum officinale
Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant of the genus Symphytum in the family Boraginaceae. Along with several other species of Symphytum, it is commonly known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other comfreys, this species may be known as common comfrey, Quaker comfrey, and cultivated...

. In France also on Stachys affinis
Stachys affinis
Stachys affinis, the Chinese artichoke, chorogi, knotroot, artichoke betony, or crosne, is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae. Its tuber can be grown as a root vegetable. While the plant is easy to grow, the tubers are small, convoluted, and indented, so they are difficult to...

, which is imported from Japan. The larvae attack and damage the rhyzomes of Stachys
Stachys
Stachys is one of the largest genera in the flowering plant family Lamiaceae. Estimates of the number of species in the genus vary from about 300, to about 450. The type species for the genus is Stachys sylvatica. Stachys is in the subfamily Lamioideae...

species, which will spoil easily and have to be eliminated before being sold. Only the larvae of the second generation cause economically important damage to cultivated Stachys, those of the early generation tunnel in the roots and the runners.

Subspecies

  • Endothenia quadrimaculana quadrimaculana (Eurasia)
  • Endothenia quadrimaculana nubilana (North America)

External links

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