Energy in Hungary
Encyclopedia
Energy in Hungary describes energy
and electricity
production, consumption and import in Hungary
. Energy policy of Hungary describes the politics of Hungary
related to energy.
is a natural gas distributor in Hungary. Panrusgáz
imports natural gas from Russia mainly Gazprom.
The Arad–Szeged pipeline
is a natural gas pipeline from Arad (Romania) to Szeged (Hungary).
Nabucco
and South Stream
gas pipelines may be constructed via Hungary to other European countries. The Nabucco
gas pipeline is expected to pipe 31bn cubic metres of gas annually in a 3,300 km long pipeline constructed via Hungary, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Austria. The South Stream
gas pipeline is expected to pipe 63bn cu m of gas from southern Russia to Bulgaria under the Black Sea. The pipe is planned to run via Hungary to central and southern Europe.
and thus takes part in the EU strategy to increase its share of the renewable energy
. The EU has adopted the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, which included a 20% renewable energy target by 2020 for the EU. By 2030 wind should produce in average 26-35% of the EU's electricity and save Europe €56 billion a year in avoided fuel costs.
The national authors of Hungary forecast is 14.7% renewables in gross energy consumption by 2020, exceeding their 13% binding target by 1.7 percentage points. Hungary is the EU country with the smallest forecast penetration of renewables of the electricity demand in 2020, namely only 11 % (including biomass
6 % and wind power
3 %). The forecast includes 400 MW of new wind power
capacity between 2010-2020. EWEA’s 2009 forecast expects Hungary to reach 1.2 GW of installed wind capacity in this time. In the end of 2010 wind power capacity was 295 MW.
were in 2007 in total 53.9 million tonnes and 5.4 tonnes per capita when the EU-27 average was 7.9 tonnes per capita.
World energy resources and consumption
]World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growthEnergy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism. Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends...
and electricity
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy.The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday...
production, consumption and import in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. Energy policy of Hungary describes the politics of Hungary
Politics of Hungary
Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The Prime Minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the President is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position.Executive power is exercised by the...
related to energy.
Overview
| Energy in Hungary | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 10.11 | 307 | 119 | 186 | 37.2 | 56.8 |
| 2007 | 10.06 | 311 | 119 | 192 | 40.0 | 53.9 |
| 2008 | 10.04 | 308 | 122 | 198 | 40.0 | 53.0 |
| 2009 | 10.02 | 289 | 128 | 173 | 37.8 | 48.2 |
| Change 2004-2009 | -0.9 % | -5.7 % | 7.4 % | -7.2 % | 1.7 % | -15.3 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power | ||||||
Nuclear power
Hungary had in 2010 four nuclear power stations with an average age of 24 years.Gas
EmfeszEmfesz
Emfesz is a natural gas distributor in Hungary with an annual quantity of 2.3 billion m3 from the national 14 - 15 billion m3 thus resulting a 20% market share...
is a natural gas distributor in Hungary. Panrusgáz
Panrusgaz
Panrusgáz is a Hungarian natural gas company responsible for the import of natural gas from Russia mainly Gazprom. The company sold 8.8 billion cubic meter of natural gas in Hungary in 2006...
imports natural gas from Russia mainly Gazprom.
The Arad–Szeged pipeline
Arad–Szeged pipeline
The Arad–Szeged pipeline is a natural gas pipeline from Arad in Romania to Szeged in Hungary diversifying natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for the two countries and connects the two natural gas national grids. The pipeline attempts to lessen the two country's dependence on Russian energy...
is a natural gas pipeline from Arad (Romania) to Szeged (Hungary).
Nabucco
Nabucco
Nabucco is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the Biblical story and the 1836 play by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois and Francis Cornue...
and South Stream
South Stream
South Stream is a proposed gas pipeline to transport Russian natural gas to the Black Sea to Bulgaria and further to Greece, Italy and Austria. The project is seen as rival to the planned Nabucco pipeline...
gas pipelines may be constructed via Hungary to other European countries. The Nabucco
Nabucco
Nabucco is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the Biblical story and the 1836 play by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois and Francis Cornue...
gas pipeline is expected to pipe 31bn cubic metres of gas annually in a 3,300 km long pipeline constructed via Hungary, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Austria. The South Stream
South Stream
South Stream is a proposed gas pipeline to transport Russian natural gas to the Black Sea to Bulgaria and further to Greece, Italy and Austria. The project is seen as rival to the planned Nabucco pipeline...
gas pipeline is expected to pipe 63bn cu m of gas from southern Russia to Bulgaria under the Black Sea. The pipe is planned to run via Hungary to central and southern Europe.
Renewablwe energy
Hungary is a member of the European UnionEuropean Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
and thus takes part in the EU strategy to increase its share of the renewable energy
Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from...
. The EU has adopted the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, which included a 20% renewable energy target by 2020 for the EU. By 2030 wind should produce in average 26-35% of the EU's electricity and save Europe €56 billion a year in avoided fuel costs.
The national authors of Hungary forecast is 14.7% renewables in gross energy consumption by 2020, exceeding their 13% binding target by 1.7 percentage points. Hungary is the EU country with the smallest forecast penetration of renewables of the electricity demand in 2020, namely only 11 % (including biomass
Biomass
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel....
6 % and wind power
Wind power
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships....
3 %). The forecast includes 400 MW of new wind power
Wind power
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships....
capacity between 2010-2020. EWEA’s 2009 forecast expects Hungary to reach 1.2 GW of installed wind capacity in this time. In the end of 2010 wind power capacity was 295 MW.
Global warming
Emissions of carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...
were in 2007 in total 53.9 million tonnes and 5.4 tonnes per capita when the EU-27 average was 7.9 tonnes per capita.