Energy in Indonesia
Encyclopedia
Energy in Indonesia describes energy
and electricity
production, consumption and import in Indonesia
. In 2009 Indonesia produced oil, coal, natural gas and palm oil, utilized also as energy raw material in 2010. Renewable energy potential in Indonesia is high: solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy. Tropical rain forests and peat
land areas have extensive coal storage. Indonesia is geologically unstable country.
According to IEA
Indonesia was the 10. top natural gas producer in 2009:: 76 billion cubics (bcm) 2.5 % of world production. 36 bcm was exported. In 2009 Indonesia was 5. top coal producer: 263 million tonnes hard coal and 38 million tonnes brown. Majority, 230 Mt of hard coal, was exported.
According to IEA
energy production increased 34 % and export 76 % from 2004 to 2008 in Indonesia.
. Current policy is to encourage the increasing use of geothermal energy for electricity production in Indonesia. Geothermal sites in Indonesia include the Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station
and the Kamojang
plant, both in West Java
.
, is another major consumer of primary energy.
and deforestation
in 2005 Indonesia was 4. top after China
, US
and
Brazil.
s. Diversification includes hotels and construction
World energy resources and consumption
]World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growthEnergy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism. Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends...
and electricity
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy.The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday...
production, consumption and import in Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. In 2009 Indonesia produced oil, coal, natural gas and palm oil, utilized also as energy raw material in 2010. Renewable energy potential in Indonesia is high: solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy. Tropical rain forests and peat
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter or histosol. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests. Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world...
land areas have extensive coal storage. Indonesia is geologically unstable country.
According to IEA
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis...
Indonesia was the 10. top natural gas producer in 2009:: 76 billion cubics (bcm) 2.5 % of world production. 36 bcm was exported. In 2009 Indonesia was 5. top coal producer: 263 million tonnes hard coal and 38 million tonnes brown. Majority, 230 Mt of hard coal, was exported.
Overview
| Energy in Indonesia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Export | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 217.6 | 2,024 | 3,001 | 973 | 104 | 336 |
| 2007 | 225.6 | 2,217 | 3,851 | 1,623 | 127 | 377 |
| 2008 | 228.3 | 2,311 | 4,035 | 1,714 | 134 | 385 |
| 2009 | 230.0 | 2,349 | 4,092 | 1,787 | 140 | 376 |
| Change 2004-2009 | 5.7 % | 16.1 % | 36 % | 84 % | 35 % | 11.9 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh | ||||||
According to IEA
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis...
energy production increased 34 % and export 76 % from 2004 to 2008 in Indonesia.
Coal
In 2009 Indonesia was world 2. top coal exporter, exporting e.g. in Japan and Italy. Kalimantan is the centre of Indonesia’s coal mining sector. In 2000 85% of coal production was from Borneo. Coal production is a risk for deforestation in Borneo. According to a Greenpeace report a coal plant in Indonesia have decreased the fishing catches and increased the respiratory-related diseases,Geothermal energy
Indonesia uses geothermal energyGeothermal power in Indonesia
Geothermal power in Indonesia is an increasingly significant source of renewable energy. As a result of its volcanic geology, Indonesia has 40% of the world's potential geothermal resources, estimated at 28,000 megawatts ....
. Current policy is to encourage the increasing use of geothermal energy for electricity production in Indonesia. Geothermal sites in Indonesia include the Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station
Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station
The Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station is the largest geothermal power station in Indonesia. The facility utilizes two units, one with 110 MW and the other with 117 MW, totalling the installed capacity to 227 MW. The power station is located near the town of Pangalengan, 40 km...
and the Kamojang
Kamojang
Kamojang, popularly known as Kawah Kamojang or , is a geothermal field and tourist spot in West Java, Indonesia. The crater is located approximately 45 km to the southeast of Bandung through the town of Majalaya...
plant, both in West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
.
Use of energy
Much energy in Indonesia is used for domestic transportation. The electricity sector, dominated by the state-owned electricity utility Perusahaan Listrik NegaraPerusahaan Listrik Negara
PLN is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electricity distribution in Indonesia.- History :...
, is another major consumer of primary energy.
Major energy companies in Indoneia
- PertaminaPertaminaPertamina is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which extracts and refines the country's oil and gas reserves. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin and Permina...
, the state-owned oil company - Perusahaan Listrik NegaraPerusahaan Listrik NegaraPLN is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electricity distribution in Indonesia.- History :...
, the state-owned electricity company. - Perusahaan Gas NegaraPerusahaan Gas NegaraPerusahaan Gas Negara is the largest natural gas transportation and distribution company in Indonesia. The total length of distribution pipelines of the company is 3,187 km that serve around 84 million customers....
, the state-owned gas company
Global warming
The CO2 emissions of Indonesia in total were over Italy in 2009. However, in all greenhouse gas emissions including constructionConstruction
In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking...
and deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use....
in 2005 Indonesia was 4. top after China
Climate change in China
Climate change in China is a contentious issue since it is not required to be a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol yet it is responsible for one of the highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions....
, US
Climate change in the United States
There is an international interest in issues surrounding global warming in the United States due to the U.S. position in world affairs and the U.S.'s high level of greenhouse gas emissions per capita.-Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States:...
and
Brazil.
Business
According to Forbes list of billionaires (2011) most Indonesian billionaires have made their wealth or diversified with their wealth in coal or plantation business, including tobacco and palm oil plantationEnvironmental impact of palm oil
Palm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. It is locally used as a cooking oil, exported for use in many commercial food and personal care products and is converted into biofuel. It produces up...
s. Diversification includes hotels and construction
- Coal Low Tuck Kwong, Kiki Barki, Edwin Soeryadjaya, Garibaldi Thohir, Theodore Rachmat, Benny Subianto, Murdaya Poo
- Palm oil plantation Sukanto TanotoSukanto TanotoSukanto Tanoto was said in 2008 as the richest Indonesian, according to the Forbes magazine with the total net worth of US$ 3.8 billion . Started as a supplier of equipments and materials for the state own oil firm Pertamina, Sukanto Tanoto then moved to the forest industry in 1973...
Martua Sitorus, - R. Budi Hartono and Michael Hartono Tobacco Siblings also have palm oil interests; picked up 65,000 hectares of land in West Kalimantan in 2008. a luxury shopping mall, hotel complex in Jakarta