Environmental management scheme
Encyclopedia
An environmental management scheme is a mechanism by which landowners and other individuals and bodies responsible for land management
Land management
Land management is the process of managing the use and development of land resources. Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which may include organic agriculture, reforestation, water resource management and eco-tourism projects.-See also:*Sustainable land management*Acreage...

 can be incentivised to manage their environment.

Australia

Several schemes (prgrammes) are or have been in operation in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

, including:
  • National Heritage Trust Funds (1 and 2)
  • National Action Plan for Salinity
  • Caring for Our Country


Other programmes exist with the various states, for example;
New South Wales - Catchment Action Plan

United Kingdom

Several schemes are or have been in operation in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

, including:
  • Countryside Stewardship
  • Environmental Stewardship
    Environmental Stewardship
    Environmental Stewardship is an agri-environment scheme run by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in England. It was formally launched on 18 March 2005, although the first agreements did not start until 1 August 2005....

  • Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme
    Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme
    The Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme was an agri-environment scheme run by the UK Government within the 22 designated Environmentally Sensitive Areas.The scheme was superseded in 2005 by the Environmental Stewardship schemes....



Currently England operates:
  • Entry Level Stewardship
  • Higher Level Stewardship
  • Organic Entry Level Stewardship
  • Higher Level Organic Entry Level stewardship


All of these schemes are adminisitered by Natural England

Scotland

In 2007 Scotland adopted the SRDP (Scottish Rural Development Programme - a £1.6 billion programme of economic, environmental and social measures designed to develop rural Scotland. Individuals and groups may seek support to help deliver the Government's strategic objectives in rural Scotland.

Wales

Until recently the prevailing agri-environment scheme in Wales was Tir Gofal, which means literally ‘Land Care’. It was the first scheme in Wales, and indeed in Europe, aimed at promoting whole farm conservation and management. It was different from previous schemes, as it brought farming and conservation into a different level of partnership.

It was recently announced that this scheme has ceased, with a bridging payment scheme until its replacement is launched.

France

In some countries such as France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

, such schemes may be initiated by the central government:
  • Schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux
    Schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux
    In France, the schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux aims to put into effect the principles of the law of 3 January 1992 on the level of the major hydrographic basins. In translation, its name is outline for the organization of the development and management of water...


Switzerland

Switzerland started reforming its agricultural policies in 1993 and after a referedum in 1996, since 1998 the country has linked the attribution of farm subsidies with the strict observance of good environmental practice. Before farmers can apply for subsidies, they must obtain certificates of environmental management systems (EMS) proving that they: “make a balanced use of fertilizers; use at least 7% of their farmland as ecological compensation areas; regularly rotate crops; adopt appropriate measures to protect animals and soil; make limited and targeted use of pesticides.”
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