Equine nasal cysts
Encyclopedia
Equine nasal cysts are epithelium
lined, single or loculated cavities filled with fluid or pus
. They normally form in the ventral concha, maxillary sinus
es, and can extend down the nasal passages into the frontal sinuses.
Congenital forms have been previously described. Cysts in the sinus can be found in horses less than a year old, although rarely, but can also be seen in those 9 years and older. The clinical signs normally present as nasal discharge, facial swelling and in major cases, partial or total obstruction of the nasal airway can result.
generally provide better results than endoscopic examination when diagnosing these problems; multiloculated densities and fluid lines show up more readily in the sinuses, occasionally with dental displacement and also dental & jaw line distortion, flattened roots in the teeth, mineralization & soft tissue calcification, and major deviation of the septum
and vomer
bones.
ous. In cases where such cancer shows in a removed nasal cyst, treatment can follow two courses. Radiotherapy is one, where the cancerous area is subjected to moderate doses of radiation, over a period of several weeks, with tissue testing being undertaken during the treatment. The other is via the administration of cytotoxic drugs, to travel through the bloodstream and attack the cancer cells.
, the prognosis becomes worse, with roughly 70% survival, as opposed to a norm of 95% plus with benign cysts.
Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective...
lined, single or loculated cavities filled with fluid or pus
Pus
Pus is a viscous exudate, typically whitish-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammatory during infection. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule or...
. They normally form in the ventral concha, maxillary sinus
Maxillary sinus
The pyramid shaped maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, and drains into the nose. It is present at birth as rudimentary air cells, and develops throughout childhood.-General characteristics:...
es, and can extend down the nasal passages into the frontal sinuses.
Congenital forms have been previously described. Cysts in the sinus can be found in horses less than a year old, although rarely, but can also be seen in those 9 years and older. The clinical signs normally present as nasal discharge, facial swelling and in major cases, partial or total obstruction of the nasal airway can result.
Diagnosis
RadiographsX-ray
X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
generally provide better results than endoscopic examination when diagnosing these problems; multiloculated densities and fluid lines show up more readily in the sinuses, occasionally with dental displacement and also dental & jaw line distortion, flattened roots in the teeth, mineralization & soft tissue calcification, and major deviation of the septum
Septum
In anatomy, a septum is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.-In human anatomy:...
and vomer
Vomer
The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones.-Biology:...
bones.
Effects
If head is placed in a downward position, Cyst will shift and liquids may come out and cause throat to close up which stops breathing. If this occurs press on frontal cord in troat form neck with 2 fingers. Also very powerful stinging.Treatment
Treatment involves radical surgical removal of the cyst and any of the involved lining of the concha - this would normally be tested by a laboratory, since there is a risk that some nasal cysts may be cancerCancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
ous. In cases where such cancer shows in a removed nasal cyst, treatment can follow two courses. Radiotherapy is one, where the cancerous area is subjected to moderate doses of radiation, over a period of several weeks, with tissue testing being undertaken during the treatment. The other is via the administration of cytotoxic drugs, to travel through the bloodstream and attack the cancer cells.
Prognosis
If the cyst is benign, the prognosis for a complete recovery is extremely good, and the rate of any recurrence is minimal. Some horses may have a mild mucous discharge after surgery, which can be permanent, but this does not generally seem to cause problems. However, if the cyst does transpire to be malignantMalignant
Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition, especially tumors, to become progressively worse and to potentially result in death. Malignancy in cancers is characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis...
, the prognosis becomes worse, with roughly 70% survival, as opposed to a norm of 95% plus with benign cysts.