Ernest Stackelberg
Encyclopedia
Count
Ernst Johann von Stackelberg (1813, Estonia
- August 30, 1870, Paris
) was a Baltic German
military figure and diplomat
.
After having received home education
, Ernest Stackelberg entered military service
in 1832 as a feuerwerker (cannoneer
) in Leib Guard horse artillery
. In 1833, he was promoted to junker
and then warrant officer
a year later. After two years of service in horse artillery, Ernest Stackelberg was sent to the Caucasus
, where he would take part in several military campaigns (e.g., the Kuban
Campaign of 1836 under the command of General Alexei Velyaminov and the 1837 campaign against the Chechens). For his service, Ernest Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of podporuchik and then transferred to the office of War Minister Alexander Chernyshyov
as adjutant
. In 1840, he was promoted to the rank of poruchik
and sent to Caucasus yet again to participate in military action. Ernest Stackelberg was first placed under the command of Lieutenant General
Apollon Galafeyev
and took part in the Battle of the Valerik River
with the Chechens in Chekhinsky Forest. Later on, Ernest Stackelberg was transferred to the unit under the command of General Grigory Zass (commander of the right flank of the Caucasus front) and fought against the mountaineers from over the Kuban River. For his outstanding service, Ernest Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of staff captain and awarded with the Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th Class. Upon his return from the Caucasus in 1841, Stackelberg continued his service as adjutant and was then promoted to the rank of colonel
in 1843. Three years later Ernest Stackelberg was dismissed from service on indefinite leave for health reasons. In 1848, however, he was called for active duty again and sent to the Russian diplomatic mission
in Paris. His diplomatic service in France
, however, turned out to be short-lived, for he was recalled to the War Ministry yet again. In 1852, Ernest Stackelberg was sent to the Russian diplomatic mission in Vienna
. That same year, he was promoted to the rank of major general
and then appointed to His Majesty’s retinue in 1853. In 1856, Ernest Stackelberg was entrusted with the post of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in Kingdom of Sardinia
and held this post for the next five years. In 1860, Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of His Majesty’s general adjutant. In 1861, he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Spain
and then sent to Italy
in the same capacity a year later. In 1863, Ernest Stackelberg was moved to Vienna
as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Four years later, he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Paris, where he would die on August 30, 1870.
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
Ernst Johann von Stackelberg (1813, Estonia
Governorate of Estonia
The Governorate of Estonia or Estland, also known as the Government of Estonia or Province of Estonia, was a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.-Historical overview:...
- August 30, 1870, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
) was a Baltic German
Baltic German
The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia. The Baltic German population never made up more than 10% of the total. They formed the social, commercial, political and cultural élite in...
military figure and diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
.
After having received home education
Home education
Home education is a collective term used in the UK to describe education provided otherwise than through the schooling system. Parents have a duty to ensure their children are educated but the education legislation in England and Wales does not differentiate between school attendance or education...
, Ernest Stackelberg entered military service
Military service
Military service, in its simplest sense, is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft . Some nations require a specific amount of military service from every citizen...
in 1832 as a feuerwerker (cannoneer
Cannoneer
"Cannoneer" is a word for an artillery gunner, first recorded in the 16th century. Current titles for a Soldier in the 13B career field within the US Army is "Cannon Crewmember", but more commonly referred to by the shorter "Cannoneer"...
) in Leib Guard horse artillery
Horse artillery
Horse artillery was a type of light, fast-moving and fast-firing artillery which provided highly mobile fire support to European and American armies from the 17th to the early 20th century...
. In 1833, he was promoted to junker
Junker (Russia)
Junker has several meanings in the Imperial Russia. The word is from the German language, where it means "young lord".*Junker was a military rank for junior officers of dvoryan descent since 1902....
and then warrant officer
Warrant Officer
A warrant officer is an officer in a military organization who is designated an officer by a warrant, as distinguished from a commissioned officer who is designated an officer by a commission, or from non-commissioned officer who is designated an officer by virtue of seniority.The rank was first...
a year later. After two years of service in horse artillery, Ernest Stackelberg was sent to the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
, where he would take part in several military campaigns (e.g., the Kuban
Kuban
Kuban is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga Delta and the Caucasus...
Campaign of 1836 under the command of General Alexei Velyaminov and the 1837 campaign against the Chechens). For his service, Ernest Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of podporuchik and then transferred to the office of War Minister Alexander Chernyshyov
Alexander Chernyshyov
Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshyov , General of Cavalry , was a Russian military leader, diplomat and statesman, whose career began in Napoleonic Wars. After Battle of Austerlitz, he performed successful diplomatic mission to France and Sweden and served with distinction in battles of 1812 and 1813...
as adjutant
Adjutant
Adjutant is a military rank or appointment. In some armies, including most English-speaking ones, it is an officer who assists a more senior officer, while in other armies, especially Francophone ones, it is an NCO , normally corresponding roughly to a Staff Sergeant or Warrant Officer.An Adjutant...
. In 1840, he was promoted to the rank of poruchik
Poruchik
Poruchik was a military rank in several Slavic countries, such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland, equivalent to Lieutenant. "Poruchik" means "messenger", "officer for orders". This is a Slavic copy of the term "Lieutenant" .In Russia this rank was first introduced in Strelets New...
and sent to Caucasus yet again to participate in military action. Ernest Stackelberg was first placed under the command of Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
Apollon Galafeyev
Apollon Galafeyev
Apollon Vasilyevich Galafeyev was a decorated Russian general.Apollon Galafeyev was born into a noble family in Tambov guberniya. After having received his education at the 1st Cadet Corps, he graduated in the rank of podporuchik on December 26, 1811, and was assigned to the Tula Infantry Regiment...
and took part in the Battle of the Valerik River
Battle of the Valerik River
The Battle of the Valerik River on July 11, 1840 was a battle of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It was fought about southwest of the fortress of Groznaya between forces of the Imperial Russian Army and North Caucasian mountaineers led by the naib Ahberdila Muhammad...
with the Chechens in Chekhinsky Forest. Later on, Ernest Stackelberg was transferred to the unit under the command of General Grigory Zass (commander of the right flank of the Caucasus front) and fought against the mountaineers from over the Kuban River. For his outstanding service, Ernest Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of staff captain and awarded with the Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th Class. Upon his return from the Caucasus in 1841, Stackelberg continued his service as adjutant and was then promoted to the rank of colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
in 1843. Three years later Ernest Stackelberg was dismissed from service on indefinite leave for health reasons. In 1848, however, he was called for active duty again and sent to the Russian diplomatic mission
Diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state or an international inter-governmental organisation present in another state to represent the sending state/organisation in the receiving state...
in Paris. His diplomatic service in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, however, turned out to be short-lived, for he was recalled to the War Ministry yet again. In 1852, Ernest Stackelberg was sent to the Russian diplomatic mission in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. That same year, he was promoted to the rank of major general
Major General
Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general...
and then appointed to His Majesty’s retinue in 1853. In 1856, Ernest Stackelberg was entrusted with the post of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in Kingdom of Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the...
and held this post for the next five years. In 1860, Stackelberg was promoted to the rank of His Majesty’s general adjutant. In 1861, he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and then sent to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
in the same capacity a year later. In 1863, Ernest Stackelberg was moved to Vienna
Ambassador of Russia to Austria
Russian–Austrian contacts began with Frederick III in 1436, and towards the end of the 15th century, Emperor Maximilian I and Ivan III exchanged diplomatic missions. Regular Russian communications with the Austrian court began in 1698, when Peter the Great led the Grand Embassy to Vienna and met...
as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Four years later, he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Paris, where he would die on August 30, 1870.