Erwin Friedlander
Encyclopedia
Erwin Max Friedlander was a noted American expert in high-energy nuclear physics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences
.
, Romania
, before emigrating to the United States in 1975.
He authored more than 250 scientific publications, was a professor at Cornell University
, the University of Pennsylvania
, and the University of Marburg in Germany
, and conducted research at CERN
, Fermilab
, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
in Russia
, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California
. He was the recipient of a Humboldt Prize
in 1986.
Friedlander's research focused on multiparticle production dynamics. His Cosmic Ray Laboratory in Romania was among the first to discover multiplicity scaling laws in proton-nucleus reactions. During his years at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Friedlander was engaged in the experimental study of the interactions of relativistic heavy ion nuclei and their secondary products. He played a leading role in many international collaborations, including the initiation of a collaboration using relativistic heavy ion beams at the Bevatron
.
Friedlander was the youngest person ever elected to the Romanian Academy
, an honor withdrawn by the country's Communist regime after he defected to the West in 1975. In 2003 the Romanian Academy of Sciences awarded him an honorary membership in recognition of his lifelong contributions to physics.
In 1978 Friedlander became actively involved in the worldwide human rights
movement known as SOS — Scientists for Sakharov
, Orlov
and Sharansky
. Friedlander was also an accomplished pianist and organist and was fluent in seven languages.
He died on January 22, 2004 in Oakland, California
after a long struggle with heart disease.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus...
and a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 acting members who are elected for life....
.
Biography
A pioneer in the use of nuclear emulsions for cosmic ray and accelerator research, Friedlander founded and headed the Cosmic Rays Laboratory at the Institute for Atomic Physics in BucharestBucharest
Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, before emigrating to the United States in 1975.
He authored more than 250 scientific publications, was a professor at Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
, the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
, and the University of Marburg in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, and conducted research at CERN
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research , known as CERN , is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border...
, Fermilab
Fermilab
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a US Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics...
, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR , in Dubna, Moscow Oblast , Russia, is an international research centre for nuclear sciences, with 5500 staff members, 1200 researchers including 1000 Ph.D.s from eighteen member states The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR , in Dubna, Moscow...
in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California
Berkeley, California
Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington...
. He was the recipient of a Humboldt Prize
Humboldt Prize
The Humboldt Prize, also known as the Humboldt Research Award, is an award given by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to internationally renowned scientists and scholars, and is currently valued at € 60,000 with the possibility of further support during the prize winner's life. Up to one...
in 1986.
Friedlander's research focused on multiparticle production dynamics. His Cosmic Ray Laboratory in Romania was among the first to discover multiplicity scaling laws in proton-nucleus reactions. During his years at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Friedlander was engaged in the experimental study of the interactions of relativistic heavy ion nuclei and their secondary products. He played a leading role in many international collaborations, including the initiation of a collaboration using relativistic heavy ion beams at the Bevatron
Bevatron
The Bevatron was a historic particle accelerator — specifically, a weak-focusing proton synchrotron — at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.A., which began operating in 1954. The antiproton was discovered there in 1955, resulting in the 1959 Nobel Prize in physics for Emilio...
.
Friedlander was the youngest person ever elected to the Romanian Academy
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 acting members who are elected for life....
, an honor withdrawn by the country's Communist regime after he defected to the West in 1975. In 2003 the Romanian Academy of Sciences awarded him an honorary membership in recognition of his lifelong contributions to physics.
In 1978 Friedlander became actively involved in the worldwide human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
movement known as SOS — Scientists for Sakharov
Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. He earned renown as the designer of the Soviet Union's Third Idea, a codename for Soviet development of thermonuclear weapons. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and civil reforms in the...
, Orlov
Yuri Orlov
Yuri Feodorovich Orlov is Professor of Physics and Government at Cornell University,a prominent nuclear physicist, a former Soviet dissident, and a human rights activist....
and Sharansky
Natan Sharansky
Natan Sharansky was born in Stalino, Soviet Union on 20 January 1948 to a Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in applied mathematics from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. As a child, he was a chess prodigy. He performed in simultaneous and blindfold displays, usually against...
. Friedlander was also an accomplished pianist and organist and was fluent in seven languages.
He died on January 22, 2004 in Oakland, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
after a long struggle with heart disease.
Publications
- Friedlander, E.M. "Biases in Signals for Intermittency Detected in High Energy Collisions", Modern Physics Letters, May 19, 1989
- Friedlander, E.M. "Evidence from Very Large Transverse Momenta of a Change with Temperature of Velocity of Sound in Hadronic Matter", Physical Review Letters, July 2, 1979
- Friedlander, E.M. "How fast does the multiplicity of particle production in p-p collisions really increase with primary energy?" Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information
- Friedlander, E.M. with Heckman, Harry H. "Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Experiment" (PDF), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information
- Friedlander, E.M. "Small, large, and very large transverse momenta in a unified hydrodynamical description, Open Library
- Friedlander, E.M., Cincheza, Iuliana M., Haseganu, Dumitru Gh., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B73DN-473FDKT-7&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F01%2F1974&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1678790881&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=254f5b097b807b56570dae162dcce356&searchtype=a"Identification of heavy ions in AgCl monocrystals by means of multiple coulomb scattering"], Nuclear Instruments and Methods, June 1974
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus...