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Esztergom (county)
Encyclopedia
Esztergom County was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary
in present-day southern Slovakia
and northern Hungary
on both sides of the Danube
river.
river and continued some 10 km south of the Danube
river. Its area was 1077 km² around 1910.
, then from 1543 onwards - when the territory became part of the Ottoman Empire
- the capital was outside the county (e. g. 1605-1663 in Érsekújvár), and finally from 1714 onwards the capital was the town of Esztergom
.
(called Ostrihom at that time) was one of the most important castles of Great Moravia
. The Esztergom county as a comitatus
arose at the end of the 10th century as one of the first comitatus of the Kingdom of Hungary
. The county had a special status in that since 1270 its heads were at the same time the archbishop
s of Esztergom.
In the aftermath of World War I
, the part of Esztergom county north of the Danube
became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
. The southern part remained in Hungary
and merged with the southern part of Komárom county
to form Komárom-Esztergom
county.
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
, the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The old Esztergom county was recreated. After World War II, the Trianon borders were reestablished. In 1950, the name of the Hungarian part became Komárom county
. This county was renamed to Komárom-Esztergom
county in 1990. The part of the county north of the river Danube
is now in Slovakia
and is part of the Nitra region
.
Štúrovo
and Mužla
are presently in Slovakia
.
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
in present-day southern Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
and northern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
on both sides of the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
river.
Geography
Esztergom County shared borders with the counties , , and (Komárno). Its territory comprised a 15 km strip to the west of the lower part of the HronHron
Hron is a 298 km long left tributary of the Danube and the second longest river in Slovakia. It flows from its source located in the Low Tatra mountains through central and southern Slovakia, pouring into the Danube near Štúrovo and Esztergom...
river and continued some 10 km south of the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
river. Its area was 1077 km² around 1910.
Capitals
The capital of the county was the Esztergom Castle and the town of EsztergomEsztergom
Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....
, then from 1543 onwards - when the territory became part of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
- the capital was outside the county (e. g. 1605-1663 in Érsekújvár), and finally from 1714 onwards the capital was the town of Esztergom
Esztergom
Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....
.
History
A predecessor of the county existed as early as in the 9th century, when EsztergomEsztergom
Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....
(called Ostrihom at that time) was one of the most important castles of Great Moravia
Great Moravia
Great Moravia was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe and lasted for nearly seventy years in the 9th century whose creators were the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks. It was a vassal state of the Germanic Frankish kingdom and paid an annual tribute to it. There is some controversy as...
. The Esztergom county as a comitatus
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
arose at the end of the 10th century as one of the first comitatus of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. The county had a special status in that since 1270 its heads were at the same time the archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
s of Esztergom.
In the aftermath of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the part of Esztergom county north of the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
. The southern part remained in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and merged with the southern part of Komárom county
Komárom county
Komárom county was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day southern Slovakia and north-western Hungary on both sides of the...
to form Komárom-Esztergom
Komárom-Esztergom
Komárom-Esztergom is an administrative Hungarian county in Transdanubia, on the northern border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of , , and...
county.
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
, the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The old Esztergom county was recreated. After World War II, the Trianon borders were reestablished. In 1950, the name of the Hungarian part became Komárom county
Komárom county
Komárom county was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day southern Slovakia and north-western Hungary on both sides of the...
. This county was renamed to Komárom-Esztergom
Komárom-Esztergom
Komárom-Esztergom is an administrative Hungarian county in Transdanubia, on the northern border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of , , and...
county in 1990. The part of the county north of the river Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
is now in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
and is part of the Nitra region
Nitra Region
The Nitra Region is one of the administrative regions of Slovakia.-Geography:This region with a long history is situated in the southwest of Slovakia, mostly in the eastern part of the Danubian Lowland. It is divided into two sub-units: the Danubian Flat in the south-west, with eastern part of the...
.
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Esztergom county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Esztergom | Esztergom Esztergom Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there.... |
| Párkány | Párkány ( (current ) or Muzsla |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Esztergom Esztergom Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there.... |
|
Štúrovo
Štúrovo
Štúrovo is a town in Slovakia, situated on the River Danube. Its population in 2005 was 11,172.The town is situated opposite the Hungarian city of Esztergom. The Mária Valéria bridge connects the settlements. The bridge was destroyed in 1944 during World War II, but reconstructed in...
and Mužla
Mužla
Mužla is a village and large municipality in the Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia.-Geography:The municipality lies at an altitude of 121 metres and covers an area of 52.097 km². It has a population of about 1980 people....
are presently in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
.