Ettinghausen effect
Encyclopedia
The Ettingshausen Effect (named for Albert von Ettingshausen
) is a thermoelectric
(or thermomagnetic) phenomenon that affects electric current
in a conductor when a magnetic field
is present.
The result of the phenomenon is that a potential difference is induced normal to both the direction of the magnetic field and the current.
Alternately, a temperature
gradient is induced. This effect is quantified by the Ettingshausen coefficient |P|, which is defined to be
where
is the temperature gradient that results from the y-component 
of an electric flux and the z-component 
of a magnetic field.
The reverse process is known as the Nernst effect
.
Albert von Ettingshausen
Albert von Ettingshausen was an Austrian physicist.He was professor of physics at Graz University of Technology, where he also taught electrical engineering.Earlier he was an assistant to Ludwig Boltzmann at the University of Graz....
) is a thermoelectric
Thermoelectric effect
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice-versa. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference...
(or thermomagnetic) phenomenon that affects electric current
Electric current
Electric current is a flow of electric charge through a medium.This charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire...
in a conductor when a magnetic field
Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude ; as such it is a vector field.Technically, a magnetic field is a pseudo vector;...
is present.
The result of the phenomenon is that a potential difference is induced normal to both the direction of the magnetic field and the current.
Alternately, a temperature
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
gradient is induced. This effect is quantified by the Ettingshausen coefficient |P|, which is defined to be
where
is the temperature gradient that results from the y-component of an electric flux and the z-component of a magnetic field.The reverse process is known as the Nernst effect
Nernst effect
In physics and chemistry, the Nernst Effect is a thermoelectric phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal...
.