Eurema
Encyclopedia
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Butterfly
A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured...
in the family Pieridae
Pieridae
The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange in coloration, often with black spots...
.
Species range from Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, and Oceania
Oceania
Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago...
, to the New World. The type species is the North American Barred Yellow (Eurema daira
Eurema daira
The Fairy Yellow, Barred Yellow or Barred Sulphur is a butterfly of the Pieridae family. It is found from Argentina north to the southern United States. Strays can be found up to southern Arizona, South Dakota, southern Texas and even Washington D. C.The wingspan is 32–41 mm...
).
There are over 70 species in the genus, but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them. Some species, such as the common African grass yellow, E. hecuba, have over 80 synonyms. The genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms. This is the price of being a widespread taxon, as well as a zoogeographical problem.
Species
Listed alphabetically within groups.- Eurema adaEurema adaEurema ada, , is a species of butterfly in the genus Eurema. It was discovered in northern Borneo and described in 1871. Its main distinctive features are that it's ground-color is pale sulphurous, not white, and the border margins on its wings are blacker and wider. Wing-span is 35mm...
(Distant & Pryer, 1887) - Eurema alithaEurema alithaEurema alitha is a butterfly species within the genus Eurema. It was first described as Terias alitha by C. & R. Felder in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia.-Subspecies:*E. alitha alitha *E. alitha basilana...
(C.& R. Felder, 1862) - Scalloped Grass Yellow - Eurema andersoniiEurema andersoniiOne-spot Grass Yellow is a small butterfly of the Family Pieridae, that is, the Yellows and Whites, which is found in India and other parts of Asia.-Sub-species:alphabetically listed;...
(Moore, 1886) – One-spot Grass Yellow - Eurema beatrix (ToxopeusLambertus Johannes ToxopeusLambertus Johannes Toxopeus, born 1894 in Toeban, Java - died April 21, 1951 in Bandung, Java was a Java born, Dutch nationality lepidopterist. He mainly worked in Indonesia then known as the Dutch East Indies and specialised in the families Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae.-References:...
, 1939) - Eurema blandaEurema blandaThree-Spot Grass Yellow , Eurema blanda is a small butterfly of the Family Pieridae, that is, the Yellows and Whites, which is found in India.- External links :* Life cycle of Eurema blanda.-References:...
(Boisduval, 1836) – Three-spot Grass Yellow - Eurema brigittaEurema brigittaSmall Grass Yellow or Broad-bordered Grass Yellow is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the Yellows and Whites, which is found in India and other parts of Asia. It is also present in Australia and Africa....
(Stoll, [1780]) – Small Grass Yellow or No brand Grass Yellow - Eurema candida (Stoll, [1782])
- Eurema celebensis Wallace, 1867
- Eurema desjardinsiiEurema desjardinsiiThe Angled Grass Yellow is a butterfly of the Pieridae family, found in Africa.The wingspan is 35–38 mm for males and 37–40 mm for females...
(Boisduval, 1833) – Angled Grass Yellow - ?Eurema ecriva (Butler, 1873)
- Eurema esakii Shirôzu, 1953
- Eurema floricola (Boisduval, 1883) – Malagasy Grass Yellow
- ?Eurema halmaherana Shirôzu & Yata, 1981
- Eurema hapale (Mabille, 1882) – Pale Grass Yellow or Marsh Grass Yellow
- Eurema hecabeEurema hecabeThe Large Grass Yellow or Common Grass Yellow is a small pierid butterfly species found in Asia or Africa. They are found flying close to the ground and are found in open grass and scrub habitats...
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Common Grass Yellow - Eurema herlaEurema herlaEurema herla, the Pink Grass Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found in northern and eastern Australia.The wingspan is about . Adults are yellow, with a smoothly rounded black area at the upperside of the forewings and dark dots at the ends of the veins at the margin of the upper...
(Macleay, 1826) - ?Eurema hiurae Shirozu & Yata, 1977
- Eurema lacteolaEurema lacteolaScarce Grass Yellow is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the Yellows and Whites, which is found in India.-See also:*Pieridae*List of butterflies of India*List of butterflies of India...
(Distant, 1886) - Eurema laetaEurema laetaSpotless Grass Yellow is a small butterfly of the Family Pieridae , which is found in India.-See also:*Pieridae*List of butterflies of India*List of butterflies of India -References:...
(Boisduval, [1836]) – Spotless Grass Yellow - Eurema lombokiana Fruhstorfer, 1897
- Eurema mandarinula (Holland, 1892) – Mandarin Grass Yellow
- Eurema mentawiensis Corbet, 1942
- Eurema novapallida Yata, 1992
- Eurema nilgiriensisEurema nilgiriensisNilgiri Grass Yellow , Eurema nilgiriensis is a small butterfly of the Family Pieridae, that is, the Yellows and Whites, which is found in India.-References:* Evans, W.H. The Identification of Indian Butterflies...
Yata, 1990 – Nilgiri Grass Yellow - Eurema puella (Boisduval, 1832) – Broad-margined Grass Yellow
- Eurema regularis (Butler, 1876) – Regular Grass Yellow
- Eurema sariEurema sariEurema sari, the Chocolate Grass Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found in south-east Asia.The wingspan is . Adults have a distinct brown apex on the underside of the forewing.The larvae feed on Leguminosae species....
(Horsfield, [1829]) - Eurema sarilata Semper, 1891
- Eurema senegalensisEurema senegalensisEurema senegalensis, the Forest Grass Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from Senegal to western Kenya, in Tanzania, from western Uganda to Congo, in Cameroon, Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone....
Boisduval, [1836] – Forest Grass Yellow - Eurema simulatrixEurema simulatrixEurema simulatrix, the Changeable Grass Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from Burma to Sundaland and the Philippines. The habitat consists of secondary or disturbed habitats including forest clearings, roadsides and riverbanks, parks and gardens.The length of the forewings...
(Semper, 1891) - Eurema smilaxEurema smilaxThe Small Grass Yellow is a small pierid butterfly species found in Australia, including Lord Howe Island. It is also present on Java....
(Donovan, 1805) - Eurema tilaha (Horsfield, [1829])
- Eurema nicevilleiEurema nicevilleiEurema nicevillei is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found in Thailand, southern Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra....
(Butler, 1898) - Eurema timorensis Shirôzu & Yata, 1977
- Eurema tominia (Vollenhoven, 1865)
- Eurema upembana (Berger, 1981)
- Eurema zamida (Fruhstorfer, 1908)
Species group:
- Eurema adamsi (Lathy, 1898)
- Eurema agave (Cramer, [1775])
- Eurema albulaEurema albulaEurema albula, the Ghost Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from southern Texas south through the West Indies and mainland tropical Central and South America to Brazil. The habitat consists of tropical forests and second growth.The wingspan is . Adults are pure white above...
(Cramer, [1776]) – Ghost Yellow - Eurema amelia (Poey, [1832])
- Eurema arbela Geyer, [1832]
- Eurema dairaEurema dairaThe Fairy Yellow, Barred Yellow or Barred Sulphur is a butterfly of the Pieridae family. It is found from Argentina north to the southern United States. Strays can be found up to southern Arizona, South Dakota, southern Texas and even Washington D. C.The wingspan is 32–41 mm...
(Godart, [1819]) (type species) – Barred Yellow, Fairy Yellow, or Barred Sulphur - Eurema deva (Doubleday, 1847)
- Eurema elathea (Cramer, [1777])
- Eurema fabiola (C. & R. Felder, 1861)
- Eurema lirina (Bates, 1861)
- Eurema lucina (Poey, [1852])
- Eurema mexicanaEurema mexicanaThe Mexican Yellow is a North and South American butterfly in the family Pieridae...
(Boisduval, [1836]) – Mexican Yellow - Eurema nigrocincta Dognin, 1889
- Eurema paulina (Bates, 1861)
- Eurema phiale (Cramer, [1775])
- Eurema reticulata (Butler, 1871)
- Eurema salomeEurema salomeEurema salome, the Salome Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from Peru northward through tropical America. It is an extremely rare migrant to the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. The habitat consists of forest openings and edges and roadcuts.The wingspan is...
(C. & R. Felder, 1861) - Eurema tupuntenem Lichy, 1976
- Eurema xantochlora (Kollar, 1850)
Species group abaeis:
- Eurema nicippeEurema nicippeThe Sleepy Orange is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae.-Description:For a key to the terms used, see Lepidopteran glossary...
(Cramer, [1779]) - Eurema nicippiformis Munroe, 1947
Species group pyrisitia:
- Eurema chamberlaini Butler, 1897
- Eurema dinaEurema dinaEurema dina, the Dina Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from Panama north to southern Florida. The species is regularly recorded from southern Texas and south-eastern Arizona. The habitat consists of forest edges, brushy fields and open forest.The wingspan is...
(Poey, 1832) – Bush Sulphur or Dina Yellow - Eurema euterpiformis Munroe, 1947
- Eurema leuceEurema leuceEurema leuce, Hall's Sulfur, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found on the West Indies and in Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia and Venezuela.The length of the forewings is 17-21 mm for males and females...
(Boisduval, 1836) - Eurema lisa (Boisduval & Leconte, 1829) – Little Yellow
- Eurema messalinaEurema messalinaEurema messalina, the Shy Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is native to the West Indies, but a very rare stray may be found in southern Florida. The habitat consists of shady, brushy areas....
(Fabricius, 1787) – Mimosa Yellow - Eurema niseEurema niseEurema nise, the Mimosa Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found from Argentina north to the Texas Gulf Coast and southern Florida. It is an occasional stray to central Texas and south-eastern Arizona and rarely to southern California, southern Colorado and Kansas. The habitat...
(Cramer, [1775]) – Mimosa Yellow - Eurema portoricensisEurema portoricensisEurema portoricensis, the Puerto Rican Yellow, is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is found in Puerto Rico.The larvae feed on Senna obtusifolia, Senna alata and Chamaecrista nictitans patellaria var. glabrata....
(Dewitz, 1877) - Eurema proterpiaEurema proterpiaThe Tailed Orange is a North and South American butterfly in the family Pieridae.-Description:The upper side of the wings is orange with a variable amount of black along the fore wing costa. The wing veins are lightly marked with black in summer individuals, and winter individuals have no black...
(Fabricius, 1775) – Tailed Orange or Little Jaune - Eurema pyro (Godart, 1819)
- Eurema venusta (Boisduval, 1836)
Species-group teriocolias:
- Eurema zelia (Lucas, 1852)
Unknown species group
- Eurema doris (Röber, 1909)
- Eurema irenaEurema irenaEurema irena is a butterfly in the Pieridae family. It is endemic to Sulawesi.-Taxonomy:Eurema irena was treated as a subspecies of Eurema simulatrix, but formally raised to full species status by Yata in 1994)....
Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932 - Eurema ormistoni (Watkins, 1925)
- Eurema raymundoi (D'Almeida, 1928)
- Eurema tondana (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865)
External links
- Pteron Images of Eurema, in Japanese but with binomialBinomialIn algebra, a binomial is a polynomial with two terms —the sum of two monomials—often bound by parenthesis or brackets when operated upon...
names.