Evgeny Pavlovsky
Encyclopedia
Evgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky (February 22 (N.S. March 5), 1884, today’s Voronezh Oblast
– May 27, 1965, Leningrad
) was a Soviet zoologist, parasitologist, academician
of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1939), Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the Tajik Academy of Sciences
(1951), and lieutenant general of Medical Service Corps.
In 1908, Evgeny Pavlovsky graduated from the Military Medical Academy in Petersburg (he became a professor at his alma mater
in 1921). In 1933-1944, he worked at the All-union Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad and simultaneously at the Tajik branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1937–1951). Evgeny Pavlovsky held the post of the director of the Zoology Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1942-1962. In 1946, he was appointed head of the Department of Parasitology & Medical Zoology at the Institute of Epidemiology & Microbiology of the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences. Evgeny Pavlovsky was the president of the Soviet Geographical Society in 1952-1964. Under Pavlovsky’s direction, they organized numerous complex expeditions to the Central Asia
, Transcaucasus, Crimea
, Russian Far East
and other regions of the Soviet Union
to study endemic parasitic
and transmissible diseases (tick-borne relapsing fever
, tick-borne encephalitis, Pappataci fever
, leishmaniasis
etc.). Evgeny Pavlovsky introduced the concept of natural nidality of human diseases, defined by the idea that microscale disease foci are determined by the entire ecosystem. This concept laid the foundation for the elaboration of a number of preventive measures and promoted the development of the environmental trend in parasitology (together with the works of parasitologist Valentin Dogel). Evgeny Pavlovsky researched host organism as a habitat for parasites (parasitocenosis), numerous matters of regional and landscape parasitology, life cycles of a number of parasites, pathogenesis
of helminth infection. Pavlovsky and his fellow scientists researched the fauna
of flying blood-sucking insects (gnat
) and methods of controlling them and venomous animals and characteristics of their venom.
Evgeny Pavlovsky’s principal works are dedicated to the matters of parasitology. He authored several textbooks and manuals on parasitology. Pavlovsky was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th convocations. He was a recipient of the USSR State Prize
(1941, 1950), Lenin Prize
(1965), Mechnikov Gold Medal of the Soviet Academy of Science (1949), gold medal of the Soviet Geographical Society (1954). Evgeny Pavlovsky was awarded five Orders of Lenin, four other orders, and numerous medals.
Voronezh Oblast
Voronezh Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on June 13, 1934.-Main rivers:*Don*Voronezh*Bityug*Khopyor-Economy:...
– May 27, 1965, Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
) was a Soviet zoologist, parasitologist, academician
Academician
The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries, it is an honorary title. There also exists a lower-rank title, variously translated Corresponding Member or Associate Member, .-Eastern Europe and China:"Academician" may also be a functional...
of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1939), Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the Tajik Academy of Sciences
Tajik Academy of Sciences
Tajik Academy of Sciences incorporates 20 research institutes and three territorial groupings: the Pamir Branch in the eastern part of the country , the Khujand Scientific Center in the north, and the Khatlon Scientific Center in the south-west...
(1951), and lieutenant general of Medical Service Corps.
In 1908, Evgeny Pavlovsky graduated from the Military Medical Academy in Petersburg (he became a professor at his alma mater
Alma mater
Alma mater , pronounced ), was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and in Christianity for the Virgin Mary.-General term:...
in 1921). In 1933-1944, he worked at the All-union Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad and simultaneously at the Tajik branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1937–1951). Evgeny Pavlovsky held the post of the director of the Zoology Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1942-1962. In 1946, he was appointed head of the Department of Parasitology & Medical Zoology at the Institute of Epidemiology & Microbiology of the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences. Evgeny Pavlovsky was the president of the Soviet Geographical Society in 1952-1964. Under Pavlovsky’s direction, they organized numerous complex expeditions to the Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
, Transcaucasus, Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
, Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
and other regions of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
to study endemic parasitic
Parasitic disease
A parasitic disease is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals...
and transmissible diseases (tick-borne relapsing fever
Relapsing fever
Relapsing fever is an infection caused by certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia. It is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks.-Louse-borne relapsing fever:...
, tick-borne encephalitis, Pappataci fever
Pappataci fever
Pappataci fever is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. Occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere...
, leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly...
etc.). Evgeny Pavlovsky introduced the concept of natural nidality of human diseases, defined by the idea that microscale disease foci are determined by the entire ecosystem. This concept laid the foundation for the elaboration of a number of preventive measures and promoted the development of the environmental trend in parasitology (together with the works of parasitologist Valentin Dogel). Evgeny Pavlovsky researched host organism as a habitat for parasites (parasitocenosis), numerous matters of regional and landscape parasitology, life cycles of a number of parasites, pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism by which the disease is caused. The term can also be used to describe the origin and development of the disease and whether it is acute, chronic or recurrent...
of helminth infection. Pavlovsky and his fellow scientists researched the fauna
Fauna
Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
of flying blood-sucking insects (gnat
Gnat
A gnat is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the Dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae.In British English the term applies particularly to Nematocerans of the family Culicidae...
) and methods of controlling them and venomous animals and characteristics of their venom.
Evgeny Pavlovsky’s principal works are dedicated to the matters of parasitology. He authored several textbooks and manuals on parasitology. Pavlovsky was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th convocations. He was a recipient of the USSR State Prize
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
(1941, 1950), Lenin Prize
Lenin Prize
The Lenin Prize was one of the most prestigious awards of the USSR, presented to individuals for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was created on June 23, 1925 and was awarded until 1934. During the period from 1935 to 1956, the Lenin Prize was...
(1965), Mechnikov Gold Medal of the Soviet Academy of Science (1949), gold medal of the Soviet Geographical Society (1954). Evgeny Pavlovsky was awarded five Orders of Lenin, four other orders, and numerous medals.