Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
Encyclopedia
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a syndrome
in which the symptoms of anaphylaxis
occur related to exercise.
In some incidents, individuals experienced anaphylaxis only after combination exposure to a triggering agent and increased physical activity shortly after the ingestion of the triggering agent. In these individuals, either the exercise or ingestion of the triggering agent alone does not cause anaphylaxis. Triggers include foods (commonly celery
, wheat
, soy protein
, cheese
, and shellfish
) and medication (aspirin
and other NSAIDs).
In other incidents, individuals experienced anaphylaxis with exercise and no triggering agent.
(WDEIA) is the result of an IgE mediated allergic response to the ω-gliadin component of wheat glutens
(and homologous proteins of certain subspecies Aegilopides speltoides genome BB) and is similar to another condition known as baker's asthma. Neither disease is necessarily linked to gluten intolerance, although both involve IgE subclass of immunoglobulin. Baker's asthma is triggered by the inhalation of flour, and EIA is triggered by the circulation of wheat gliadin
peptides in the blood that occurs during exercise or after prolonged use of aspirin
or NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen). Unlike gluten sensitivity,
WDEIA does not appear to extend to rye or barley glutens, and IgE from patients recognize specifically the omega-gliadin (Gli-B1) gene product on chromosome 1B of wheat. The response of patients with wheat dependent urticaria appeared to parallel those of WDEIA.
Syndrome
In medicine and psychology, a syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs , symptoms , phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one or more features alerts the physician to the possible presence of the others...
in which the symptoms of anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death". It typically results in a number of symptoms including throat swelling, an itchy rash, and low blood pressure...
occur related to exercise.
In some incidents, individuals experienced anaphylaxis only after combination exposure to a triggering agent and increased physical activity shortly after the ingestion of the triggering agent. In these individuals, either the exercise or ingestion of the triggering agent alone does not cause anaphylaxis. Triggers include foods (commonly celery
Celery
Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae commonly known as celery or celeriac , depending on whether the petioles or roots are eaten: celery refers to the former and celeriac to the latter. Apium graveolens grows to 1 m tall...
, wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
, soy protein
Soy protein
Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from dehulled, defatted soybean meal. Dehulled and defatted soybeans are processed into three kinds of high protein commercial products : soy flour, concentrates, and isolates. Soy protein isolate has been used since 1959 in foods ...
, cheese
Cheese
Cheese is a generic term for a diverse group of milk-based food products. Cheese is produced throughout the world in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms....
, and shellfish
Shellfish
Shellfish is a culinary and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found only in freshwater...
) and medication (aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin , also known as acetylsalicylic acid , is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. It was discovered by Arthur Eichengrun, a chemist with the German company Bayer...
and other NSAIDs).
In other incidents, individuals experienced anaphylaxis with exercise and no triggering agent.
EIA and wheat
Wheat dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxisAnaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death". It typically results in a number of symptoms including throat swelling, an itchy rash, and low blood pressure...
(WDEIA) is the result of an IgE mediated allergic response to the ω-gliadin component of wheat glutens
Triticeae glutens
Triticeae glutens are seed storage proteins found in mature seeds of grass tribe Triticeae. Seed glutens of non-Triticeae plants have varieties of similar properties, but none singly can perform on a par with those of the Triticeae taxa, particularly the triticum species...
(and homologous proteins of certain subspecies Aegilopides speltoides genome BB) and is similar to another condition known as baker's asthma. Neither disease is necessarily linked to gluten intolerance, although both involve IgE subclass of immunoglobulin. Baker's asthma is triggered by the inhalation of flour, and EIA is triggered by the circulation of wheat gliadin
Gliadin
Gliadin is a glycoprotein present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genus Triticum. Gliadins are prolamins and are separated on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric focusing.- Types :...
peptides in the blood that occurs during exercise or after prolonged use of aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin , also known as acetylsalicylic acid , is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. It was discovered by Arthur Eichengrun, a chemist with the German company Bayer...
or NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen). Unlike gluten sensitivity,
WDEIA does not appear to extend to rye or barley glutens, and IgE from patients recognize specifically the omega-gliadin (Gli-B1) gene product on chromosome 1B of wheat. The response of patients with wheat dependent urticaria appeared to parallel those of WDEIA.