Expertise reversal effect
Encyclopedia
The expertise reversal effect is related to cognitive load
theories of learning
. It states that guidance
provided to experts can hinder their ability to learn: "learners would have to relate and reconcile the related components of available long-term memory
base and externally provided guidance. Such integration processes may impose an additional working memory load and reduce resources available for learning new knowledge." The expertise reversal effect is a form of redundancy
effect whereby added information places an additional load on working memory without providing any useful schema to direct executive function. The expertise reversal effect differs from the redundancy effect in that in the expertise reversal effect, "external information becomes redundant relative to a particular learner's internal knowledge structures," whereas in the redundancy effect, "only different external sources of information" are sources of cognitive load.
Cognitive load
The term cognitive load is used in cognitive psychology to illustrate the load related to the executive control of working memory . Theories contend that during complex learning activities the amount of information and interactions that must be processed simultaneously can either under-load, or...
theories of learning
Learning
Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow learning curves.Human learning...
. It states that guidance
Guidance
Guidance may refer to:*Guidance *Guidance system*Guidance Solutions, an eCommerce development company*"Guidance", an episode of Death Note...
provided to experts can hinder their ability to learn: "learners would have to relate and reconcile the related components of available long-term memory
Long-term memory
Long-term memory is memory in which associations among items are stored, as part of the theory of a dual-store memory model. According to the theory, long term memory differs structurally and functionally from working memory or short-term memory, which ostensibly stores items for only around 20–30...
base and externally provided guidance. Such integration processes may impose an additional working memory load and reduce resources available for learning new knowledge." The expertise reversal effect is a form of redundancy
Redundancy (information theory)
Redundancy in information theory is the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message. Informally, it is the amount of wasted "space" used to transmit certain data...
effect whereby added information places an additional load on working memory without providing any useful schema to direct executive function. The expertise reversal effect differs from the redundancy effect in that in the expertise reversal effect, "external information becomes redundant relative to a particular learner's internal knowledge structures," whereas in the redundancy effect, "only different external sources of information" are sources of cognitive load.