Faizul Latif Chowdhury - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Faizul Latif Chowdhury (born June 3, 1959) is a career civil servant from Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

currently working as a diplomat

Diplomat

A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...

. A literary figure and an economist at the same time, he works on corruption

Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...

in public administration

Public administration

Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....

, tax policy

Tax policy

Tax policy is the government's approach to taxation, both from the practical and normative side of the question.-Philosophy:Policymakers debate the nature of the tax structure they plan to implement and how they might affect individuals and businesses .The reason for such foitution effect]],...

process, economics of tax evasion

Tax evasion

Tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability,...

and tax avoidance

Tax avoidance

Tax avoidance is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law. The term tax mitigation is a synonym for tax avoidance. Its original use was by tax advisors as an alternative to the pejorative term tax...

, smuggling

Smuggling

Smuggling is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons, such as out of a building, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations.There are various motivations to smuggle...

, international trade policy and policy making process in the public sector in general. Also, he is known as a translator of Bengali poetry

Bengali poetry

Bengali poetry is a form that originated in Pāli and other Prakrit socio-cultural traditions. It is antagonistic towards Vedic rituals and laws as opposed to the shramanic traditions such as Buddhism and Jainism...

and international fiction. He is also a researcher on the most popular modern Bengali poet Jibanananda Das

Jibanananda Das

Jibanananda Das was a noted Bengali poet. He is considered one of the precursors who introduced modernist poetry to Bengali Literature, at a period when it was influenced by Rabindranath Tagore's Romantic poetry....

Education and Training

Chowdhury studied science at the high school and pre-university college in Mymensingh

Mymensingh

Mymensingh , pronounced moy-mon-shing-haw, is a city of Bangladesh situated on the river Brahmaputra. It is the headquarters of the administrative unit Mymensingh District. Mymensingh is the anglicized pronunciation of the original name Momenshahi, referring to a ruler called Momen Shah. The cadet...

, Bangladesh

Bangladesh

. He went to Mymensingh Zilla School for SSC

Secondary School Certificate

The Secondary School Certificate, also known as SSC, is a public examination taken by students in Bangladesh, Pakistan and in the states of Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Goa in India after successfully completing at least ten years of schooling. It is followed...

and Ananda Mohan College

Ananda Mohan College

Ananda Mohan College is a national university affiliated university college of Bangladesh situated in the town of Mymensingh. It is one of the old educational premises of Bangladesh also.-History:...

for HSC. Later he studied Economics

Economics

Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...

at the University of Dhaka

University of Dhaka

The University of Dhaka is the oldest university in Bangladesh. It is a multi-disciplinary research university and is among the top universities in the region. Established on July 21, 1921, as per the Government of India Act, 1920, it was modelled on the Universities in England and soon gained...

for his Bachelor of Social Science

Bachelor of Social Science

The academic undergraduate degree of Bachelor of Social Science requires three to four years of study at an institution of higher education, primarily found in the Commonwealth of Nations....

and Master of Social Science

Master of Social Science

A Master of Social Science is a taught Master's degree which has a number of different meanings dependent upon the education system in question.-Finland & Sweden :...

degrees. He studied Public Policy

Policy

A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome. The term is not normally used to denote what is actually done, this is normally referred to as either procedure or protocol...

at the Deakin University

Deakin University

Deakin University is an Australian public university with nearly 40,000 higher education students in 2010. It receives more than A$600 million in operating revenue annually, and controls more than A$1.3 billion in assets. It received more than A$35 million in research income in 2009 and had 835...

, Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

. Later, in 1992, he obtained his MBA from the Monash University

Monash University

Monash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....

. Professor Owen Hughes

Owen Hughes

Owen Edward Hughes was a judge and former territorial level politician. He served as a Member of the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly from 1885 until 1888.- Early life :...

was his thesis supervisor. Finally he studied Public Administration

Public administration

and Public Policy

Policy

at the Department of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). At the LSE, Professor Keith Dowding

Keith Dowding

Keith Dowding is Professor of Political Science in Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia and at the London School of Economics, UK...

was his dissertation supervisor. At different times he received training on information technology

Career

Chowdhury’s professional career started in free-lance journalism in the Kishore Bangla

Kishore Bangla

Kishore Bangla was the first juvenile weekly newspaper ever published in Bengali language. Publication of this newspaper commenced in 1977 at the behest of Ziaur Rahman, the-then president of Bangladesh. It was published from the 'Observer House' and eminent journalist and editor of weekly...

, a juvenile weekly published from Dhaka

Dhaka

Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 15 million in 2010, making it the largest city...

. However, his literary career commenced when he started to write for the Bangladesh Observer and the daily Purbadesh in his school days, since 1973. In 1974, for a brief period, he edited the children’s page of Banglar Darpan, a Bengali

Bengali language

Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...

weekly published from Mymensingh

Mymensingh

since 1972. Later he worked for a while (1978–80) for the weekly Kishore Bangla

Kishore Bangla

, a juvenile magazine published from Dhaka

Dhaka

. Then he worked as the Feature Editor in the Saptahik Chitrabangla(1981–83). Just after finishing education at the Dhaka University, Chowdhury briefly worked at the Planning Division of the Rupali Bank

Rupali Bank

Rupali Bank is a commercial bank in Bangladesh. It was established as a nationalised bank in 1972 under the Bangladesh Banks Nationalisation Order, through the amalgamation of the branches of Muslim Commercial Bank, Australasia Bank and Standard Bank that were operating in East Pakistan, following...

as a Senior Officer.

Towards the end of 1983, he joined the Bangladesh Civil Service

Bangladesh Civil Service

Bangladesh Civil Service, more popularly known by its acronym BCS, is the elite civil service of the Government of Bangladesh. It originated from the Central Superior Services of Pakistan. Since independence it has been known by Act as Bangladesh Civil Service. The Bangladesh Public Service...

as a fast-track career civil servant. He worked at the National Board of Revenue and its attached offices for a long time in different capacities (1983–2000) until he was appointed as a Deputy Secretary to the Government of Bangladesh in 2001. He was promoted as Joint Secretary to the government in 2005.

Meanwhile he also worked as a National Consultant in two projects, one funded by the World Bank

World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...

and the other by Norway

Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

. He also worked in the Prime Minister’s Office as Director in charge of the Ministries of Finance, Planning, ERD, IMED, Statistics and IRD. In 2003, he was appointed by the government as a diplomat for four years. In 2008, National Board of Revenue

National Board of Revenue

The National Board of Revenue is the central authority for tax administration in Bangladesh. It is under the Internal Resource Division of Ministry of Finance. NBR is the authority for tax-policies and tax-laws in Bangladesh.-References:...

of Bangladesh appointed him as Research and Statistics Expert on its Modernization and Automation Project.

Chowdhury involved himself with many publications and publishing houses. He engineered establishment of two publishing houses, namely Adhuna Prokashony and Desh Prokashan. He played a vital role in the publication of a monthly literary magazine titled Dwitiyo Chinta (tr. Second Thought), published from Mymensingh

Mymensingh

town and edited by Iffat Ara

Iffat Ara

Shamsun Nahar Iffat Ara , known as Iffat Ara, is a woman writer, social activist and literary organizer of Bangladesh. Her literary career began in late 1950s when she started to write short stories and publish them in the leading newspaper of the country including the Azad...

since 1985. He also conceived and organized publication of monthly Adhuna (1985–1987), a top-rate literary magazine edited by poet Shamsur Rahman

Shamsur Rahman

Shamsur Rahman was a Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist. Rahman, who emerged in the latter half of the 20th century, wrote more than sixty books of poetry and is considered a key figure in Bengali literature. He was regarded the unofficial poet laureate of Bangladesh...

. He worked as the Literary editor of the daily Banglabazaar Patrika for a brief period (1992–93).

Poet Jibanananda Das

Chowdhury has worked extensively on life and works of Bengal's most popular modern poet Jibanananda Das

Jibanananda Das

. He has published a number of titles on his poetry. He has translated a number of Jibanananda poems into English, reviewed a number of poems, written a good number of articles on the literary works and style of the poet. One of his major contributions is the collection and publication of all non-ficitonal prose works of poet Jibanananda Das. He considers Jibanananda Das as a poet with all signs of post-modern poetry. His latest work on the poete titled Essays on Jibanananda Das was published in 2009.

Humayun Ahmed

He is regarded as one of the most reliable critic of Humayun Ahmed

Humayun Ahmed

Humayun Ahmed is a Bangladeshi author, dramatist and director of film and television. He broke through since the publication of his first novel, Nandita Naraké...

who is arguably the most popular fictionist of modern Bengali literature

Bengali literature

Bengali literature is literary works written in Bengali language particularly from Bangladesh and the Indian provinces of West Bengal and Tripura. The history of Bengali literature traces back hundreds of years while it is impossible to separate the literary trends of the two Bengals during the...

. He has published a number articles on this author. Recently he has been commissioned by a publisher for writing a literaray biography of Humayun Ahmed scheduled to be published in 2009.

Translation

Chowdhury has translated a number of major Bengali poets into English. His compilation Twentieth Century Poems from Bangladesh has been accepted for publication by Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka. His Poems from Jibanananda Das published in 1995 was an important collection of poems of Bengal's most important modernist poet Jibanananda Das

Jibanananda Das

. He edited Voice of Hayat Saif, compilation of poems of 1960s Bengali poet Hayat Saif

Hayat Saif

Hayat Saif is a twentieth century modern Bengali poet and literary critic from Bangladesh. A career bureaucrat, he retired in 2000 and since then is engaged in the corporate private sector and divides his time in World Scouting and literary and artistic pursuits...

translated into English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

. He has also translated fiction of Maltese fictionist Oliver Friggieri

Oliver Friggieri

Oliver Friggieri is a Maltese poet, novelist, literary critic, and minor philosopher. In philosophy he is mostly interested in epistemology and Existentialism.-Life:...

, Booker awardee Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy is an Indian novelist. She won the Booker Prize in 1997 for her novel, The God of Small Things, and has also written two screenplays and several collections of essays...

of India and exiled poet Taslima Nasrin

Taslima Nasrin

Taslima Nasrin is a Bengali Bangladeshi ex-doctor turned author who has been living in exile since 1994. From a modest literary profile in the late 1980s, she rose to global fame by the end of the 20th century owing to her feminist views and her criticism of Islam in particular and of religion in...

, among others. He published Beyond Land and Time, a collection of one hundred poems of Jibanananda Das

Jibanananda Das

in English translaiton.

Economic works

Chowdhury has dealt several aspects of applied economics. His works include revenue administration, economics of tax evasion, design of value added tax, economics of smuggling, rent seeking by public servants, economics of corruption, tax administration and tax evasion, tax farming and making of budgetary policy, among others.

Economics of customs evasion

Since 1973, a huge volume of works has been produced on the economics of tax evasion

Tax evasion

. However, most of the researches have focused mainly on evasion of income tax

Income tax

An income tax is a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses . Various income tax systems exist, with varying degrees of tax incidence. Income taxation can be progressive, proportional, or regressive. When the tax is levied on the income of companies, it is often called a corporate...

and other sorts of taxes, particularly indirect taxes, have been neglected. Chowdhury, in 1992, produced an economic model of evasion of customs duty which is the pre-dominant form of tax in low income countries around the world. This model is built upon the economics of crime model developed by Nobel Laureate economist Gary Becker

Gary Becker

Gary Stanley Becker is an American economist. He is a professor of economics, sociology at the University of Chicago and a professor at the Booth School of Business. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992, and received the United States' Presidential Medal of Freedom...

. Chowdhury has explained that, when an opportunity exists, the level of customs evasion depends on two important factors, namely, probability of detection and level of statutory penalty. He expanded the model by factoring in bribe which leads to accountability conspiracy and, consequently, detection is not reported to the authority.

Production-substituting smuggling

Research on smuggling

Smuggling

is scanty. Bhagwati and Hansen first forwarded a theory of smuggling

Smuggling

in which they saw smuggling essentially as an import-substituting economic activity In contrast, Chowdhury, in 1999, suggested a production-substituting model of smuggling in which price disparity due to cost of supply is critically important as an incentive for smuggling of goods that are substitutes of locally produced goods. This price disparity is caused by domestic consumption taxes as well as import duties. Drawing attention to the case of cigarette, Chowdhury suggested that, in Bangladesh, smuggling of cigarettes reduced the level of domestic production. Domestic production of cigarettes is subject to VAT and other consumption tax

Consumption tax

A consumption tax is a tax on spending on goods and services. The tax base of such a tax is the money spent on consumption. Consumption taxes are usually indirect, such as a sales tax or a value added tax...

es. Reduction of domestic taxes enables the local producer to supply at a lower cost and bring down the price disparity that encourages smuggling. However, Chowdhury suggested that there is a limit beyond which reducing domestic taxes on production cannot be feasible for adding competitive advantage vis-à-vis smuggled cigarettes. Therefore, government needs to upscale its anti-smuggling drive so that seizures can add to the cost of smuggling and render smuggling uncompetitive thereby. Notably, Chowdhury modelled the case of the smuggler vis-a-vis the local producer as one of antagonistic duopoly

Duopoly

A true duopoly is a specific type of oligopoly where only two producers exist in one market. In reality, this definition is generally used where only two firms have dominant control over a market...

Rent seeking bureaucracy

Economic explanation of bureaucracy was forward by William Niskanen who theorized a model of budget maximizing bureaucracy. Patrick Dunleavy

Patrick Dunleavy

Patrick Dunleavy is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy within the Government Department of the London School of Economics and the director of the Master of Public Administration Programme Patrick Dunleavy (b. 1952) is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy within the...

offered an alternative theory of bureau-shaping bureaucracy. Both of them focused on the nature and behaviour of only top level bureaucrats. In contrast, Chowdhury offered the concept of rent seeking bureaucracy in which the cost of producing and supplying public goods is pushed up by the rent-seeking nature of public servants of all levels. It is rent

Renting

Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership from landowners...

or bribe that adds to the cost of production.

Market in corruption

In explaining economics of corruption, Chowdhury theorized that a market in corruption exists in public bureaucracy. The level of corruption is determined by the demand and supply forces as apply to other commodities and services. In the public offices, corruption is demanded by the clients (e.g. a tax-payer) and it is the civil servants who supply it (e.g. a tax collector). Chowdhury suggested that corruption could be controlled if direct and physical interaction between the civil servants and their clients could be removed whereby the market in corruption would be rendered inoperative. Human interface in the public office could be avoided through automation, computerization and inter-active web-technology. In absence of human interface, scope for negotiation for a corrupt deal and payment of kick-back would be naturally removed resulting in lowering of the level of corruption.

Works in progress

Chowdhury has compiled 1000 Bengali

Bengali language

words that are in written and published text of twentieth century but not yet collected in any dictionary. He has also compiled 120 book-reviews published during 120 years since 1880 to be published in near future. He is working on comparative study of written Bengali pornography

Pornography

Pornography or porn is the explicit portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purposes of sexual arousal and erotic satisfaction.Pornography may use any of a variety of media, ranging from books, magazines, postcards, photos, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, film, video,...

of Bangladesh

Bangladesh

and West Bengal

West Bengal

West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...

of India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. He is also working on critical appreciation of Bengali poetry

Bengali poetry

to be styled In search of Memorable Speech. His fling at ficiton, a novel Living for another day is in the making.

In social science he is working on a book to be titled Democratic Society - Tyranny of the Minority. Also, he is working on welfare impact of corruption in a poverty-laden society.

Participation in international seminars

Chowdhury participated and spoke in a large number of international seminars including the following :
(a) 1999: International Seminar on Kyoto Convention on Customs

Customs

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country...

procedures, held in 1999, in Kobe, Japan, jointly organized by World Customs Organization

World Customs Organization

The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...

and Japan Customs;

(b) 2002: International Seminar on controlling the financing of the NGOs, held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 2002, organized by the British Government DFID;
(c) 2003: International Seminar on Child Labour in Asia, 2003, Dhaka, Bangladesh.- a delegate from the Prime Minister’s Office, Bangladesh;
(d) 2003: International Seminar on E-Governance, organized by the US Department of State, 2003, Washington;
(e) 2004: LDC Ministerial held in Brussels in 2004, on the Everything But Arms
Everything but Arms
Everything but Arms is an initiative of the European Union under which all imports to the EU from the Least Developed Countries are duty free and quota free, with the exception of armaments. EBA entered into force on 5 March 2001. There are transitional arrangements for bananas, sugar and rice...

(EBA) initiative of the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

;
(f) 2005: ACP/LDC Ministerial held in Brussels in 2005, in preparation of the Hong Kong Summit (Dec, 2005) on the Doha Development Agenda (DDA);
(g) 2006: Role of Customs in Preventing Trade in counterfeit products, World Customs Organization
World Customs Organization
The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...

, Brussels, 2006.
(h) 2007: He represented Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

in the 5th Plenary of the KPCS held in Brussels on 05-8 November 2007, under the chair of the European Commission.
(i) He attended the High Level Forum Held on Intellectual Property
Intellectual property
Intellectual property is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized—and the corresponding fields of law...

rights for LDCs
Least Developed Countries
Least developed country is the name given to a country which, according to the United Nations, exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world...

held at the World Intellectual Property Organization, as a member of the Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

delegation.

Literary

(a) Jibanananda Daser "Aat Bochor Ager Ek Deen (literary criticism)(ed.), 1994: Dibya Prokash, Dhaka.

(b) Jibanananda Daser "Godhuli Sandhir Nritya"(literary criticism)(ed.), 1995: Dibya Prokash, Dhaka.

(c) Jibanananda Daser "Mrityur Aage" (literary criticism)(ed.), 2000: Dibya Prokash, Dhaka.

(d) Oprakashito Jibanananda 51(Poetry anthology)(ed.), 2000 : Mawla Brothers, Dhaka

(e) Amiyo Chakrabartyr Sreshtha Prabandha (Anthology of Essays)(ed.). 1998: Mawla Brothers, Dhaka

(f) Jibanananda Daser Prabandha Samagra(Anthology of Essays)(ed.), 2000: 2nd edition, Mawla Brothers, Dhaka.

(g) Stories of Nadine Gordimer (translated)(ed. with Introduciton), 1992: Dibya Prokash, Dhaka.

(h) Oliver Friggeirie's Koranta and Other Short Stories from Malta (translated)(ed), Desh Prokason, 1998: Dhaka.

(i) Chotoder, Boroder (Collection of Bengali rhymes)(ed.), 1990: Shilpataru, Dhaka.

(j) Shilpa Shahitye Nagnata Jounata Oshlilata (Anthology of Essays with Introduction)(ed.), 2000 : Dibya Prokash, Dhaka

(k) Arundhati Roy’s "Avilash Talkies" (Translated with Introduciton), 1999: Dibya Prokash, Dhaka

(l) Jibanananda Daser Agranthitha Prabandhabali (Anthology of uncompiled essays by poet Jibanananda das)(ed.), 2000: Mawla Brothers, Dhaka.

(m) Prasanga : Jibanananda (Literary essays on poet Jibanananda Das), 2000: Somoy Prokashon, Dhaka.

(n) Bengali Essays of Nirad C. Chowdhury (Anthology of Essays with Introduction)(ed.), 2000 : Somoy Prokashon, Dhaka.

(o) Jibanananda Bibechona (Anthology of essays on poet Jibanananda Das with Introduction)(ed.), 1999: Anya Prokash, Dhaka.

(p) Jibanananda – Tulonay, Shomporkey (Anthology of comparative essays on poet Jibanananda Das with Introduciton)(ed.), 2000 : Somoy Prokashon, Dhaka.

(q) Poems from Jibanananda Das (ed. Tr.), 1995: Creatibe Workshop, Chittagong.

(r) Homosexual References in Bengali Literature, 1999: Jijnasa, Calcutta.

(s) Voice of Hayat Saif, (ed. Tr.), 1999: Desh Prokashan, Dhaka.
(t) Beyond Land and Time, 2007, Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.

(u) Essays on Jibanananda Das, 2009, Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.

Social science

Chowdhury, F. L. (1992) Evasion of Customs Duty in Bangladesh, unpublished MBA dissertation submitted to Monash University, Australia.

Chowdhury, F. L. (1994) 'An Estimate of under-invoicing in relation to Bangladesh's import from seven Asian partner countries', Fiscal Frontier, Dhaka.

Chowdhury, F. L. (1995) 'Need for upgrading fiscal reforms for small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh', Keynote paper presented in a seminar organized by Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industries, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Chowdhury, F. L. (1999) A production-substitution model of Smuggling, Keynote paper presented in a seminar organized by the National Board of Revenue, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Chowdhury, F. L. (2006) Corrupt bureaucracy and privatization of Customs in Bangladesh, Pathok Samabesh, Dhaka.

External links

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