Familial renal disease in animals
Encyclopedia
Familial renal disease is an uncommon cause of renal failure
(kidney failure)s in dogs and cats. Most causes are breed-related (familial) and some are inherited. Some are congenital
(present at birth). Renal dysplasia is a type of familial renal disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation
of renal
tissue. Dogs and cats with renal disease caused by these diseases have the typical symptoms of renal failure, including weight loss, loss of appetite, depression, and increased water consumption and urination. A list of familial renal diseases by dog and cat breeds is found below.
s can be affected by a type of renal tubule disease known as Fanconi syndrome
. Findings include the inability to concentrate urine, and the presence of glucose
, protein
, and amino acid
s in the urine
. Fanconi syndrome is also found in humans. It can progress to renal failure. Basenjis are usually affected between the ages of one and five years. In the United States
, 10 percent of Basenjis are found to have glycosuria
.
s can be affected by glomerular
amyloidosis, which is deposition of amyloid
in the kidney. Findings include protein in the urine. It does progress to renal failure. Beagles are affected between the ages of five and eleven years. Beagles also can have familial polycystic kidney disease
.
s can be affected by an inherited type of renal disease caused by basement membrane
disease. Protein in the urine is a consistent finding. Bull Terriers are affected between the ages of one and eight years.
s can be affected by polycystic kidney disease. Multiple small cyst
s are found in the kidneys. Cysts are present by the age of six weeks. It is inherited through an autosomal recessive mechanism.
s can be affected by renal dysplasia that progresses to renal failure and secondary fibrous renal osteodystrophy
, causing fractures and "rubber jaw".
s can be affected by multiple cystadenocarcinoma
s of the kidney. It is inherited and appears between the ages of five and eleven years. Blood in the urine is often seen. It is sometimes accompanied by nodules in the skin or multiple uterine
leiomyoma
s.
s and Shih Tzu
s can both be affected by renal dysplasia before the age of five years. It does progress to renal failure. It can be accompanied by fibrous osteodystrophy, caused by calcium
absorption from the bone. Signs include bone fractures and "rubber jaw".
s can be affected by renal dysplasia before the age of five years. It does progress to renal failure.
s can be affected by renal tubule disease (Fanconi's syndrome) that does not progress to renal failure. A consistent finding is glucose in the urine.
s can be affected by glomerular disease before the age of one year that does progress to renal failure. Findings include protein in the urine and high cholesterol
levels in the blood.
s can be affected by basement membrane disease of the kidneys. It is inherited through the X chromosome
and therefore more severe in affected male dogs. Findings in male dogs include the presence of protein and glucose in the urine and the inability to concentrate urine, and progression to renal failure by the age of nine months and death by sixteen months. Affected female dogs have protein in the urine and a failure to gain a normal amount of weight, but are usually otherwise normal.
s can be affected by glomerular amyloidosis which is caused by deposition of amyloid in the kidney and occurs secondary to Shar Pei fever
. It progresses to renal failure by the age of six years.
s have a type of renal dysplasia characterized by persistence of the fetal glomeruli
. The predominating signs are of chronic renal failure. Severely affected dogs only live for a few months. The mechanism of inheritance appears to be through an autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance
.
s can be affected by renal dysplasia that progresses to renal failure. It is usually seen by the age of three years.
s can be affected by renal telangiectasia
between the ages of five and thirteen years. It is characterized by red-black nodules in the kidneys. It can cause hydronephrosis
and abdominal pain. It usually does not progress to renal failure.
s can be affected by glomerular amyloid
osis between the ages of one and five years. It progresses to renal failure. Findings include protein in the urine. It is inherited.
, characterized by small cysts in the kidneys. It is inherited through an autosomal dominant mechanism and can progress to kidney disease later in life.
Renal failure
Renal failure or kidney failure describes a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from the blood...
(kidney failure)s in dogs and cats. Most causes are breed-related (familial) and some are inherited. Some are congenital
Congenital disorder
A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life , regardless of causation...
(present at birth). Renal dysplasia is a type of familial renal disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of...
of renal
Kidney
The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
tissue. Dogs and cats with renal disease caused by these diseases have the typical symptoms of renal failure, including weight loss, loss of appetite, depression, and increased water consumption and urination. A list of familial renal diseases by dog and cat breeds is found below.
Basenji
BasenjiBasenji
The Basenji is a breed of hunting dog that was bred from stock originating in central Africa. Most of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world place the breed in the Hound Group; more specifically, it may be classified as belonging to the sighthound type...
s can be affected by a type of renal tubule disease known as Fanconi syndrome
Fanconi syndrome
Falconi syndrome is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the kidney in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed. Fanconi syndrome affects the proximal tubule, which is the first part of the tubule to process fluid...
. Findings include the inability to concentrate urine, and the presence of glucose
Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as the primary source of energy and a metabolic intermediate...
, protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
, and amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side-chain that varies between different amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen...
s in the urine
Urine
Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products, many rich in nitrogen, that require elimination from the bloodstream...
. Fanconi syndrome is also found in humans. It can progress to renal failure. Basenjis are usually affected between the ages of one and five years. In the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, 10 percent of Basenjis are found to have glycosuria
Glycosuria
Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reclaim all of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to...
.
Beagle
BeagleBeagle
The Beagle is a breed of small to medium-sized dog. A member of the Hound Group, it is similar in appearance to the Foxhound, but smaller, with shorter legs and longer, softer ears. Beagles are scent hounds, developed primarily for tracking hare, rabbit, and other game...
s can be affected by glomerular
Glomerulus
A glomerulus is a capillary tuft that is involved in the first step of filtering blood to form urine.A glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman's capsule, the beginning component of nephrons in the vertebrate kidney. A glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal...
amyloidosis, which is deposition of amyloid
Amyloid
Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits. Abnormal accumulation of amyloid in organs may lead to amyloidosis, and may play a role in various neurodegenerative diseases.-Definition:...
in the kidney. Findings include protein in the urine. It does progress to renal failure. Beagles are affected between the ages of five and eleven years. Beagles also can have familial polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an inherited systemic disorder that predominantly affects the kidneys, but may affect other organs including the liver, pancreas, brain, and arterial blood vessels...
.
Bull Terrier
Bull TerrierBull Terrier
The Bull Terrier or English Bull Terrier is a breed of dog in the terrier family. They are known for their large, egg-shaped head, small triangular eyes, and "jaunty gait." Their temperament has been described as generally fun-loving, active and clownish...
s can be affected by an inherited type of renal disease caused by basement membrane
Basal lamina
The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. It is often confused with the basement membrane, and sometimes used inconsistently in the literature, see below....
disease. Protein in the urine is a consistent finding. Bull Terriers are affected between the ages of one and eight years.
Cairn Terrier
Cairn TerrierCairn Terrier
The Cairn Terrier is the oldest of the terrier breeds, originating in the Scottish Highlands and recognized as one of Scotland's earliest working dogs...
s can be affected by polycystic kidney disease. Multiple small cyst
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.- Locations :* Acne...
s are found in the kidneys. Cysts are present by the age of six weeks. It is inherited through an autosomal recessive mechanism.
Chow Chow
Chow ChowChow Chow
Chow chow is a breed of dog that was developed in China, where it is referred to as Songshi Quan , which literally means "puffy-lion dog".- Appearance :...
s can be affected by renal dysplasia that progresses to renal failure and secondary fibrous renal osteodystrophy
Renal osteodystrophy
Renal osteodystrophy or chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is a bone pathology, characterized by bone mineralization deficiency, that is a direct result of the electrolyte and endocrine derangements that accompany chronic kidney disease...
, causing fractures and "rubber jaw".
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniels can be affected by glomerular disease before the age of four years. It does progress to renal failure. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.Doberman Pinscher
Doberman Pinschers can be affected by basement membrane disease of the kidneys that can progress to renal failure.German Shepherd Dog
German Shepherd DogGerman Shepherd Dog
The German Shepherd Dog , also known as an Alsatian or just the German Shepherd, is a breed of large-sized dog that originated in Germany. The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with its origin dating to 1899. As part of the Herding Group, the German Shepherd is a working dog...
s can be affected by multiple cystadenocarcinoma
Cystadenocarcinoma
Cystadenocarcinoma is a malignant form of a cystadenoma and is a malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur...
s of the kidney. It is inherited and appears between the ages of five and eleven years. Blood in the urine is often seen. It is sometimes accompanied by nodules in the skin or multiple uterine
Uterus
The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
leiomyoma
Leiomyoma
A leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is not premalignant. They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel and the esophagus.- Etymology:* Greek:** λεῖος leios "smooth"...
s.
Lhasa Apso and Shih Tzu
Lhasa ApsoLhasa Apso
The Lhasa Apso is a non-sporting dog breed originating in Tibet. It was bred as an interior sentinel in the Buddhist monasteries, who alerted the monks to any intruders who entered...
s and Shih Tzu
Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is a breed of dog weighing with long silky hair. The breed originated in China and is among the earliest breeds. Shih Tzu were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969...
s can both be affected by renal dysplasia before the age of five years. It does progress to renal failure. It can be accompanied by fibrous osteodystrophy, caused by calcium
Calcium
Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
absorption from the bone. Signs include bone fractures and "rubber jaw".
Miniature Schnauzer
Miniature SchnauzerMiniature Schnauzer
The Miniature Schnauzer is a breed of small dog of the Schnauzer type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers developed from crosses between the Standard Schnauzer and one or more smaller breeds such as the Poodle and Affenpinscher.The breed remains one of...
s can be affected by renal dysplasia before the age of five years. It does progress to renal failure.
Norwegian Elkhound
Norwegian ElkhoundNorwegian Elkhound
The Norwegian Elkhound is one of the ancient Northern Spitz-type breed of dog and is the National Dog of Norway. The Elkhound has served as a hunter, guardian, herder, and defender. In a land of subzero temperatures, deep snow, thick forests, and rugged mountains, only the hardiest of the breeds...
s can be affected by renal tubule disease (Fanconi's syndrome) that does not progress to renal failure. A consistent finding is glucose in the urine.
Rottweiler
RottweilerRottweiler
The Rottweiler is a medium to large size breed of domestic dog that originated in Rottweil, Germany. The dogs were known as "Rottweil butchers' dogs" because they were used to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat and other products to market...
s can be affected by glomerular disease before the age of one year that does progress to renal failure. Findings include protein in the urine and high cholesterol
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes...
levels in the blood.
Samoyed
SamoyedSamoyed (dog)
The Samoyed dog takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. An alternate name for the breed, especially in Europe, is Bjelkier...
s can be affected by basement membrane disease of the kidneys. It is inherited through the X chromosome
X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals and is common in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system...
and therefore more severe in affected male dogs. Findings in male dogs include the presence of protein and glucose in the urine and the inability to concentrate urine, and progression to renal failure by the age of nine months and death by sixteen months. Affected female dogs have protein in the urine and a failure to gain a normal amount of weight, but are usually otherwise normal.
Shar Pei
Shar PeiShar Pei
The Shar Pei, or Chinese Shar-Pei, is a breed of dog known for its distinctive features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue. The breed comes from China. The name translates to "sand skin" and refers to the texture of its short, rough coat...
s can be affected by glomerular amyloidosis which is caused by deposition of amyloid in the kidney and occurs secondary to Shar Pei fever
Shar Pei fever
Shar Pei fever is a condition seen in Shar Pei characterized by recurring fever and swelling of the hocks. It is similar to familial Mediterranean fever in humans. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be inherited...
. It progresses to renal failure by the age of six years.
Shih Tzu
Shih TzuShih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is a breed of dog weighing with long silky hair. The breed originated in China and is among the earliest breeds. Shih Tzu were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969...
s have a type of renal dysplasia characterized by persistence of the fetal glomeruli
Glomerulus
A glomerulus is a capillary tuft that is involved in the first step of filtering blood to form urine.A glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman's capsule, the beginning component of nephrons in the vertebrate kidney. A glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal...
. The predominating signs are of chronic renal failure. Severely affected dogs only live for a few months. The mechanism of inheritance appears to be through an autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance
Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant of a gene that also express an associated trait . In medical genetics, the penetrance of a disease-causing mutation is the proportion of individuals with the mutation who exhibit clinical symptoms...
.
Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
Soft-Coated Wheaten TerrierSoft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
The Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier is a breed of dog originating from Ireland. There are four coat varieties: Traditional Irish, Heavy Irish, English, and American...
s can be affected by renal dysplasia that progresses to renal failure. It is usually seen by the age of three years.
Standard Poodle
Standard Poodles can be affected by renal dysplasia by the age of two years that progresses to renal failure. Secondary fibrous osteodystrophy can be seen.Welsh Corgi
Welsh CorgiWelsh Corgi
The Welsh corgi is a small type of herding dog that originated in Wales. Two distinct breeds are recognized: the Pembroke Welsh corgi and the Cardigan Welsh corgi, with the Pembroke being the more common..-Description:...
s can be affected by renal telangiectasia
Telangiectasia
Telangiectasias /tɛ.læn.dʒiː'ɛk.teɪ.ʃi:ə/ are small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. They can develop anywhere on the body but are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin...
between the ages of five and thirteen years. It is characterized by red-black nodules in the kidneys. It can cause hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is distension and dilation of the renal pelvis calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney, leading to progressive atrophy of the kidney...
and abdominal pain. It usually does not progress to renal failure.
Abyssinian
AbyssinianAbyssinian (cat)
The Abyssinian is a breed of domesticated cat with a distinctive ticked coat. There are many stories about its origins, often revolving around Ethiopia, but the actual origins are uncertain...
s can be affected by glomerular amyloid
Amyloid
Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits. Abnormal accumulation of amyloid in organs may lead to amyloidosis, and may play a role in various neurodegenerative diseases.-Definition:...
osis between the ages of one and five years. It progresses to renal failure. Findings include protein in the urine. It is inherited.
Persian
Persians can be affected by polycystic kidney diseasePolycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an inherited systemic disorder that predominantly affects the kidneys, but may affect other organs including the liver, pancreas, brain, and arterial blood vessels...
, characterized by small cysts in the kidneys. It is inherited through an autosomal dominant mechanism and can progress to kidney disease later in life.