Faucalized voice
Encyclopedia
Faucalized voice, also called hollow or yawny voice, is the production of speech sounds with an expanded laryngeal cavity
. It contrasts with harsh voice
, in which the larynx is compressed.
There is no symbol for faucalized voice in the standard IPA
. Diacritics seen in the literature include the strong articulation diacritic ([a͈]) of the Extensions to the IPA
. In the IPA extensions themselves, the symbol for faucalized voice is Ħ, as in [aĦ].
A well known language with faucalized voice is Korean
, with its "tense" consonants. The entire vocal tract is tense, and the occlusion (closure, contact of mouth parts) lasts longer than other consonants. For this reason they are often called fortis. There also appears to be elements of stiff voice
in the Korean consonants, though faucalized voice is not yet well enough described to know how common this is.
The Bor dialect of Dinka
has contrastive modal, breathy, faucalized, and harsh voice in its vowels, as well as three tones. The ad hoc diacritics employed in the literature are a subscript double quotation mark for faucalized voice, [a͈], and underlining for harsh voice, [a̱]. Examples are,
Larynx
The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
. It contrasts with harsh voice
Harsh voice
Harsh voice, also called ventricular voice or pressed voice, is the production of speech sounds with a constricted laryngeal cavity, which generally involves epiglottal co-articulation...
, in which the larynx is compressed.
There is no symbol for faucalized voice in the standard IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
. Diacritics seen in the literature include the strong articulation diacritic ([a͈]) of the Extensions to the IPA
Extensions to the IPA
The Extensions to the IPA are extensions of the International Phonetic Alphabet and were designed for disordered speech. However, some of the symbols are occasionally used for transcribing normal speech as well, particularly in certain languages.-Brackets:The Extended IPA for speech pathology has...
. In the IPA extensions themselves, the symbol for faucalized voice is Ħ, as in [aĦ].
A well known language with faucalized voice is Korean
Korean language
Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
, with its "tense" consonants. The entire vocal tract is tense, and the occlusion (closure, contact of mouth parts) lasts longer than other consonants. For this reason they are often called fortis. There also appears to be elements of stiff voice
Stiff voice
The term stiff voice describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a glottal opening narrower, and the vocal cords stiffer, than what occurs in modal voice. Although there is no specific IPA diacritic for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic may be used in conjunction with the symbol for...
in the Korean consonants, though faucalized voice is not yet well enough described to know how common this is.
phonation | Korean Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... | IPA | translation |
---|---|---|---|
tenuis Tenuis consonant In linguistics, a tenuis consonant is a stop or affricate which is unvoiced, unaspirated, and unglottalized. That is, it has a "plain" phonation like , with a voice onset time close to zero, as in Spanish p, t, ch, k, or as in English p, t, k after s .In transcription, tenuis consonants are not... |
달 | [tal] | moon |
aspirated Aspiration (phonetics) In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin ... |
탈 | [tʰal] | mask |
faucalized | 딸 | [t͈al] | daughter |
The Bor dialect of Dinka
Dinka language
This article is about the language, for the ethnic group see Dinka.Dinka, or , is a Nilotic dialect cluster spoken by the Dinka people, the major ethnic group of South Sudan. There are five main varieties, Ngok, Rek, Agaar, Twic / Tuic East, and Bor, which are distinct enough to require separate...
has contrastive modal, breathy, faucalized, and harsh voice in its vowels, as well as three tones. The ad hoc diacritics employed in the literature are a subscript double quotation mark for faucalized voice, [a͈], and underlining for harsh voice, [a̱]. Examples are,
phonation | IPA | translation |
---|---|---|
modal | tɕìt̪ | diarrhea |
breathy Breathy voice Breathy voice is a phonation in which the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal voicing, but are held further apart, so that a larger volume of air escapes between them. This produces an audible noise... |
tɕì̤t̪ | go ahead |
harsh Harsh voice Harsh voice, also called ventricular voice or pressed voice, is the production of speech sounds with a constricted laryngeal cavity, which generally involves epiglottal co-articulation... |
tɕì̱t̪ | scorpions |
faucalized | tɕì͈t̪ | to swallow |