Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law
Encyclopedia
The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law (Portuguese
: Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)), also known as the National Faculty of Law (Portuguese
: Faculdade Nacional de Direito), is a law school
located in downtown Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil
.
Founded in 1920, from the merger of two law schools created in the 1880s, it is the third oldest law school in Brazil, after the University of São Paulo Faculty of Law
and the Federal University of Pernambuco Faculty of Law
, both founded in 1827. In terms of enrollment, it is also the largest public law school in Brazil, with around three thousand students.
Among its alumni are some of the most distinguished legal
scholars and public officials of Brazil, including some members of the Supreme Court, like Lafayette de Andrada (1945-1969), Assunção Galotti (1949-1974), Nélson Hungria (1951-1961), Nunes Leal (1960-1969), Cordeiro Guerra (1974-1986), Moreira Alves (1975-2003), and Marco Aurélio Mello
(1990-present
).
The Faculty is located in the Count of Arcos' Palace, in which the Brazilian Senate met from 1826 to 1924.
, Mendes de Almeida called on former supporters of the idea and, with new members, upheld the Free School of Law and Social Sciences of Rio de Janeiro, which eventually became the National Faculty of Law.
The creation of the National Faculty of Law in the first half of the 20th century through the merger of the colleges mentioned above represented an end to the monopoly of legal education
, which until the late 19th century was concentrated on the axis Olinda
-Sao Paulo
. The fouding of the National Faculty of Law contributed to the strengthening of the diversity of legal education in the country
.
The National Faculty of Law, together with the Polytechnical School and the Medical School, was one of the colleges that gave origin to a new university
, which was named the University of Brazil in 1945. The main facts during that period were the creation of the faculty's library, the launch of the magazine
"A Época", the creation of the Literary Guild and the Law Journal, under the guidance and responsibility of a committee formed by Cândido de Oliveira Filho, Luiz Carpenter Raul Pederneiras, Virgílio de Sá Pereira, Gilberto Amado and Afrânio Peixoto
.
In the 1930s, the National Faculty of Law experienced memorable public contest
s for remarkable teachers, such as Joaquim Pimenta (sociology
). Also at this time arose the famous class of 1937, which formed intellectuals such as José Honorio Rodrigues and Evaristo de Moraes Filho, who became professor in Labor Law and Sociology
with his thesis on Auguste Comte
.
Only in the 1940s was the National Faculty of Law transferred to its current building, during a period marked by strong student mobilization
(especially as resistance to the Estado Novo
). Notable contests
continued to be held, bringing young lawyer
s to the Chairs of the Faculty, such as San Tiago Dantas
and Hélio Tornaghi.
The 1950s consolidated the reputation of the National Faculty of Law. In 1955, the inaugural class of San Tiago Dantas, entitled "Legal Education and the Brazilian crisis", attracted much attention. At that time, San Tiago exposed new guidelines for the legal education and criticized legal teaching methods of the time, defending the case system
as opposed to the text system
, and also arguing that an interdisciplinary approach to Law was more suitable to modern times.
In 1960, the Brazilian capital moved to Brasília
, and the process of federalisation of higher education
began, having the UFRJ as a part of it. With the coup of 1964, the National Faculty of Law faced some consequences, but the CACO - Centro Acadêmico Cândido de Oliveira (the faculty's students' union
) fought against the military regime.
In the 1970s, the National Faculty of Law went through a deep crisis, characterized by the carrying out of only a few contests
and the gradual reduction of the faculty staff. The 1980s were also marked by crises and obstacles in contests
.
In the 1990s, there were some initiatives, such as curriculum
changes, the rearrangement of departmental structure and the creation of a center for community outreach, including a Special Court, an office of the Ombudsman
and a center for legal practice.
Since the end of 2009, following the election of a new directing board, the National Faculty of Law has been going through deep changes in academic and structural matters, that are to improve the school's quality and reputation to the highest levels in decades.
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
: Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)), also known as the National Faculty of Law (Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
: Faculdade Nacional de Direito), is a law school
Law school
A law school is an institution specializing in legal education.- Law degrees :- Canada :...
located in downtown Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
.
Founded in 1920, from the merger of two law schools created in the 1880s, it is the third oldest law school in Brazil, after the University of São Paulo Faculty of Law
Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo is an institution of higher education and research in the field of Law located in São Paulo, Brazil...
and the Federal University of Pernambuco Faculty of Law
Faculdade de Direito do Recife
The Faculty of Law of Recife, now called Faculty of Law of the Federal University of Pernambuco , is a law school in the city of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil.-History:It is one of the first superior education centres created in Brazil; it was created...
, both founded in 1827. In terms of enrollment, it is also the largest public law school in Brazil, with around three thousand students.
Among its alumni are some of the most distinguished legal
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
scholars and public officials of Brazil, including some members of the Supreme Court, like Lafayette de Andrada (1945-1969), Assunção Galotti (1949-1974), Nélson Hungria (1951-1961), Nunes Leal (1960-1969), Cordeiro Guerra (1974-1986), Moreira Alves (1975-2003), and Marco Aurélio Mello
Marco Aurélio Mello
Marco Aurélio Mello is a Brazilian judge, and member of the family of the former President of Brazil Fernando Collor de Mello.-External links:*...
(1990-present
Present
Present is a time that is neither past nor future.Present may also refer to:- Time and timing :* Present tense, the grammatical tense of a verb* Before Present, radiocarbon dates relative to AD 1950* Presenting, a medical term* Presenteeism...
).
The Faculty is located in the Count of Arcos' Palace, in which the Brazilian Senate met from 1826 to 1924.
History
The National Faculty of Law of UFRJ is the result of the merger in 1920 of two private schools, the Free Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of Rio de Janeiro and the Free School of Law. Before that date, however, there was a long way designed by big names like Fernando Mendes de Almeida, who met in his office colleagues who dreamed of creating a private law school. With the establishment of the republic and the creation of a free educational systemEducation in Brazil
Education in Brazil is regulated by the Federal Government, through the Ministry of Education, which defines the guiding principles for the organization of education programs...
, Mendes de Almeida called on former supporters of the idea and, with new members, upheld the Free School of Law and Social Sciences of Rio de Janeiro, which eventually became the National Faculty of Law.
The creation of the National Faculty of Law in the first half of the 20th century through the merger of the colleges mentioned above represented an end to the monopoly of legal education
Legal education
Legal education is the education of individuals who intend to become legal professionals or those who simply intend to use their law degree to some end, either related to law or business...
, which until the late 19th century was concentrated on the axis Olinda
Faculdade de Direito do Recife
The Faculty of Law of Recife, now called Faculty of Law of the Federal University of Pernambuco , is a law school in the city of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil.-History:It is one of the first superior education centres created in Brazil; it was created...
-Sao Paulo
Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo is an institution of higher education and research in the field of Law located in São Paulo, Brazil...
. The fouding of the National Faculty of Law contributed to the strengthening of the diversity of legal education in the country
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
.
The National Faculty of Law, together with the Polytechnical School and the Medical School, was one of the colleges that gave origin to a new university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
, which was named the University of Brazil in 1945. The main facts during that period were the creation of the faculty's library, the launch of the magazine
Magazine
Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three...
"A Época", the creation of the Literary Guild and the Law Journal, under the guidance and responsibility of a committee formed by Cândido de Oliveira Filho, Luiz Carpenter Raul Pederneiras, Virgílio de Sá Pereira, Gilberto Amado and Afrânio Peixoto
Afrânio Peixoto
Afrânio Peixoto was a Brazilian medic, author, professor, and politician. Among his works are Maria Bonita. He was also President of Academia Brasileira de Letras in the 1922-1923 period....
.
In the 1930s, the National Faculty of Law experienced memorable public contest
Public contest
In Brazil, public examinations are the most commonly used form of hiring public servants, including teachers, bureaucrats, diplomats, prosecutors, judges, etc...
s for remarkable teachers, such as Joaquim Pimenta (sociology
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
). Also at this time arose the famous class of 1937, which formed intellectuals such as José Honorio Rodrigues and Evaristo de Moraes Filho, who became professor in Labor Law and Sociology
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
with his thesis on Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte
Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte , better known as Auguste Comte , was a French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism...
.
Only in the 1940s was the National Faculty of Law transferred to its current building, during a period marked by strong student mobilization
Student activism
Student activism is work done by students to effect political, environmental, economic, or social change. It has often focused on making changes in schools, such as increasing student influence over curriculum or improving educational funding...
(especially as resistance to the Estado Novo
Estado Novo (Brazil)
Vargas Era is the period in the history of Brazil that lasted from 1930 to 1945, when the country was under the leadership of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas....
). Notable contests
Public contest
In Brazil, public examinations are the most commonly used form of hiring public servants, including teachers, bureaucrats, diplomats, prosecutors, judges, etc...
continued to be held, bringing young lawyer
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
s to the Chairs of the Faculty, such as San Tiago Dantas
San Tiago Dantas
Francisco Clementino San Tiago Dantas was a journalist, lawyer, teacher and congressman, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of Jânio Quadros...
and Hélio Tornaghi.
The 1950s consolidated the reputation of the National Faculty of Law. In 1955, the inaugural class of San Tiago Dantas, entitled "Legal Education and the Brazilian crisis", attracted much attention. At that time, San Tiago exposed new guidelines for the legal education and criticized legal teaching methods of the time, defending the case system
Case law
In law, case law is the set of reported judicial decisions of selected appellate courts and other courts of first instance which make new interpretations of the law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents in a process known as stare decisis...
as opposed to the text system
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system inspired by Roman law and whose primary feature is that laws are codified into collections, as compared to common law systems that gives great precedential weight to common law on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different...
, and also arguing that an interdisciplinary approach to Law was more suitable to modern times.
In 1960, the Brazilian capital moved to Brasília
Brasília
Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...
, and the process of federalisation of higher education
Universities and higher education in Brazil
Brazil adopts a mixed system of public and private funded universities. Usually public funded universities offer the best quality education, and they are 100% financed by the government...
began, having the UFRJ as a part of it. With the coup of 1964, the National Faculty of Law faced some consequences, but the CACO - Centro Acadêmico Cândido de Oliveira (the faculty's students' union
Students' union
A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, guild of students or government of student body is a student organization present in many colleges and universities, and has started appearing in some high schools...
) fought against the military regime.
In the 1970s, the National Faculty of Law went through a deep crisis, characterized by the carrying out of only a few contests
Public contest
In Brazil, public examinations are the most commonly used form of hiring public servants, including teachers, bureaucrats, diplomats, prosecutors, judges, etc...
and the gradual reduction of the faculty staff. The 1980s were also marked by crises and obstacles in contests
Public contest
In Brazil, public examinations are the most commonly used form of hiring public servants, including teachers, bureaucrats, diplomats, prosecutors, judges, etc...
.
In the 1990s, there were some initiatives, such as curriculum
Curriculum
See also Syllabus.In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults...
changes, the rearrangement of departmental structure and the creation of a center for community outreach, including a Special Court, an office of the Ombudsman
Ombudsman
An ombudsman is a person who acts as a trusted intermediary between an organization and some internal or external constituency while representing not only but mostly the broad scope of constituent interests...
and a center for legal practice.
Since the end of 2009, following the election of a new directing board, the National Faculty of Law has been going through deep changes in academic and structural matters, that are to improve the school's quality and reputation to the highest levels in decades.
Members of the Supreme Court
- Lafayette de Andrada (1945-1969)
- Luís d'Assunção Galotti (1949-1974)
- Nélson Hungria (1951-1961)
- Victor Nunes Leal (1960-1969)
- João Baptista Cordeiro Guerra (1974-1986)
- José Carlos Moreira Alves (1975-2003)
- Marco Aurélio MelloMarco Aurélio MelloMarco Aurélio Mello is a Brazilian judge, and member of the family of the former President of Brazil Fernando Collor de Mello.-External links:*...
(1990-presentPresentPresent is a time that is neither past nor future.Present may also refer to:- Time and timing :* Present tense, the grammatical tense of a verb* Before Present, radiocarbon dates relative to AD 1950* Presenting, a medical term* Presenteeism...
)
Arts
- Jorge AmadoJorge AmadoJorge Leal Amado de Faria was a Brazilian writer of the Modernist school. He was the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, notably Dona Flor and her Two Husbands in 1978...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images.... - Clarice LispectorClarice LispectorClarice Lispector was a Brazilian writer. Acclaimed internationally for her innovative novels and short stories, she was also a journalist...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images.... - Gustavo BarrosoGustavo BarrosoGustavo Dodt Barroso was a Brazilian writer and politician associated with Brazilian Integralism.- Biography :He was half German by birth, his mother coming from Württemberg....
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Oscar Arararipe, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and painterPaintingPainting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is... - Rubem FonsecaRubem FonsecaRubem Fonseca is a Brazilian writer.He was born in Juiz de Fora, in the state of Minas Gerais, but he has lived most of his life in Rio de Janeiro. In 1952, he started his career as a low-level cop and, later became a police commissioner, one of the highest ranks in the civil police of Brazil...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and screenwriterScreenwriterScreenwriters or scriptwriters or scenario writers are people who write/create the short or feature-length screenplays from which mass media such as films, television programs, Comics or video games are based.-Profession:... - Ary BarrosoAry BarrosoAry Barroso was a Brazilian composer, pianist, soccer commentator, and talent-show host on radio and TV...
, songwriterSongwriterA songwriter is an individual who writes both the lyrics and music to a song. Someone who solely writes lyrics may be called a lyricist, and someone who only writes music may be called a composer... - Geraldo VandréGeraldo VandréGeraldo Vandré , is a Brazilian singer, composer and guitar player.In 1966 his song Disparada , interpreted by Jair Rodrigues, was a success at the Record Festival...
, singer-songwriterSinger-songwriterSinger-songwriters are musicians who write, compose and sing their own musical material including lyrics and melodies. As opposed to contemporary popular music singers who write their own songs, the term singer-songwriter describes a distinct form of artistry, closely associated with the... - Lamartine Babo, songwriterSongwriterA songwriter is an individual who writes both the lyrics and music to a song. Someone who solely writes lyrics may be called a lyricist, and someone who only writes music may be called a composer...
- Alceu Amoroso LimaAlceu Amoroso LimaAlceu Amoroso Lima was a writer, journalist and activist from Brazil. He adopted the pseudonym Tristão de Ataíde in 1919 and wrote under that name. In 1928 he converted to Catholicism and eventually became head of Catholic Action in Brazil...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Mário ReisMário ReisMário da Silveira Meireles Reis , also known as Bacharel do Samba was a popular Brazilian samba singer, active between 1928 and 1971...
, singer - Humberto Teixeira, songwriterSongwriterA songwriter is an individual who writes both the lyrics and music to a song. Someone who solely writes lyrics may be called a lyricist, and someone who only writes music may be called a composer...
- Marcos Barbosa, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - José Eduardo Pizzarro Drummond, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Ronald de CarvalhoRonald de CarvalhoRonald de Carvalho was a Brazilian poet and diplomat from Rio de Janeiro. A street in Rio is named for him.- Works :* Luz Gloriosa * Pequena História da Literatura Brasileira...
, poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
Scholars
- San Tiago DantasSan Tiago DantasFrancisco Clementino San Tiago Dantas was a journalist, lawyer, teacher and congressman, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of Jânio Quadros...
, legal scholar - Heleno FragosoHeleno FragosoHeleno Cláudio Fragoso was one of the most important Brazilian Professors of Criminal Law and Criminology....
, criminal lawyer and legal scholar - Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
, literary critic and journalistJournalistA journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
. - Pedro Calmon, chancellorChancellor (education)A chancellor or vice-chancellor is the chief executive of a university. Other titles are sometimes used, such as president or rector....
of the University of Brazil. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco (sobrinho), legal scholar, historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and literary critic. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Francisco José de Oliveira Viana, legal scholar, historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and sociologist. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Levi Carneiro, legal scholar and writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Celso FurtadoCelso FurtadoCelso Monteiro Furtado was an important Brazilian economist and one of the most distinguished intellectuals of his country during the 20th century. His work focuses on development and underdevelopment and on the persistence of poverty in peripheral countries throughout the world...
, economistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Politics and diplomacy
- Chagas Freitas, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of Guanabara (1971-1975) and the State of Rio de Janeiro (1979-1983) - Carlos LacerdaCarlos LacerdaCarlos Frederico Werneck de Lacerda was a Brazilian journalist and politician.Born in Rio de Janeiro, Lacerda was the son of a family of politicians from Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro State....
, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of Guanabara (1960-1965) - Osvaldo Aranha, diplomat and politician. GovernorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of Rio Grande do SulRio Grande do SulRio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
(1930). AmbassadorAmbassadorAn ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
of BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
to the USA (1934). - Ronaldo Sardenberg, diplomatDiplomatA diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
and politicianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. AmbassadorAmbassadorAn ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
of BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
to the United NationsUnited NationsThe United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
(2003-2007). Minister of Science and TechnologyMinistry of Science and Technology (Brazil)The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Brazil, is the civilian cabinet organization which coordinates science and technology activities in the country...
(1999-2002). - Arthur Virgílio, diplomatDiplomatA diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
and politicianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. SenatorSenate of BrazilThe Federal Senate of Brazil is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. Created by the first Constitution of the Brazilian Empire in 1824, it was inspired by the United Kingdom's House of Lords, but with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 it became closer to the United States...
for the State of Amazonas (2003-2011). - Abraão Ribeiro, mayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of São Paulo (1945-1947) - José Hosken de Novaes, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of ParanáParaná (state)Paraná is one of the states of Brazil, located in the South of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay,...
(1982-1983) - Antônio Balbino, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of BahiaBahiaBahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size...
(1955-1959) - Petrônio Portela, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of PiauíPiauíPiauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km , and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland...
(1963-1966) - Guilherme Palmeira, governorGovernorA governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the State of AlagoasAlagoasAlagoas is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region. It borders: Pernambuco ; Sergipe ; Bahia ; and the Atlantic Ocean . It occupies an area of 27,767 km², being slightly larger than Haiti...
(1979-1982). MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of MaceióMaceióMaceió is the capital and the largest city of the coastal state Alagoas, Brazil. The name "maceió" is of Indian origin, and designates the natural spontaneously courses of water which flow out of the soil...
(1989-1990). - Pedro Calmon, Minister of EducationMinistry of Education (Brazil)The Ministry of Education , MEC, is a Brazilian government ministry.Functions of this ministry: national education policy, early childhood education, elementary education, secondary education, higher education, youth and adult education, among other teachings Taking their proper decisions so that...
(1950-1951) and (1959-1960). Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco (sobrinho), Minister of External RelationsMinistry of External Relations (Brazil)The Ministry of External Relations conducts Brazil's foreign relations with other countries. It is commonly referred to in Brazilian media and diplomatic jargon as the Itamaraty, after the palace which hosts the ministry...
. Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. - Alberto Maria José de Orléans e Bragança, member of the Brazilian Imperial Family
Sports
- Heleno de FreitasHeleno de FreitasHeleno de Freitas was a Brazilian footballer.The striker spent most of his career with Botafogo, scoring 209 goals for the club, most with his head. In 1948 he transferred to Boca Juniors in Argentina, but returned to Brazil the following year, winning the 1949 Campeonato Carioca with Vasco...
, football player - João SaldanhaJoão SaldanhaJoão Alves Jobin Saldanha was a journalist and football manager. He coached the Brazil national football team during the South American Qualifying to the 1970 FIFA World Cup....
, football player and coach