Fernando Tambroni
Encyclopedia
Fernando Tambroni Armaroli (25 November 1901 – 18 February 1963) was an Italian
politician of the Christian Democratic Party. He was a lawyer, a prominent supporter of law and order policies, and for a brief time in 1960, the 37th Prime Minister of Italy
. His role as prime minister is best remembered for the riots which resulted from the possibility that he might look to the Movimento Sociale Italiano for support against the parliamentary left.
(Marche
).
He was a member of the Italian Constituent Assembly and was later elected to the new Italian Chamber of Deputies
in 1948-1958. In 1953 he was Minister of Merchant Marine, a position he held under two more governments until 1954. The following year, he was Minister of the Interior under the first government of Antonio Segni
, being confirmed under the following ones, led by Adone Zoli
and Amintore Fanfani
respectively. In 1959, again under Segni, he was Minister of Economy.
In 1960, sponsored by President Giovanni Gronchi
, he formed the Tambroni Cabinet
and became Prime Minister. Tambroni's politics soon appeared strongly right-wing: having abandoned the alliance with the Italian Socialist Party
, he was elected with votes coming also from the post-fascist Italian Social Movement
(MSI). On 21 May 1960, a street assembly led by the communist
leader was stopped by police, with the support of the government. This caused a series of riots.
Later the Minister of Culture Umberto Tupini censored Federico Fellini
's La dolce vita
and other "shameful films".
The most controversial decision of his mandate, however, was the permission to MSI to hold its national congress in Genoa
, one of the capitals of Italian Resistance against Fascism. This move was considered a further and unacceptable opening to the former Fascists of the doors of the government. On 30 June 1960, a large demonstration summoned by the left-wing CGIL trade union and by other democratic forces in the streets of Genoa was heavily suppressed by the Italian police. Other popular demonstrations in Reggio Emilia
, Rome
, Palermo
, Catania
, Licata
again saw violent intervention by the police, causing several deaths. Eventually, after grievances coming also from some sectors of Democrazia Cristiana, Tambroni was forced to resign, having been in charge only 116 days.
He died in Rome
.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
politician of the Christian Democratic Party. He was a lawyer, a prominent supporter of law and order policies, and for a brief time in 1960, the 37th Prime Minister of Italy
Prime minister of Italy
The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
. His role as prime minister is best remembered for the riots which resulted from the possibility that he might look to the Movimento Sociale Italiano for support against the parliamentary left.
Biography
Tambroni was born in Ascoli PicenoAscoli Piceno
Ascoli Piceno is a town and comune in the Marche region of Italy, capital of the province of the same name. Its population is c. 51,400.-Geography:...
(Marche
Marche
The population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata...
).
He was a member of the Italian Constituent Assembly and was later elected to the new Italian Chamber of Deputies
Italian Chamber of Deputies
The Italian Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. It has 630 seats, a plurality of which is controlled presently by liberal-conservative party People of Freedom. Twelve deputies represent Italian citizens outside of Italy. Deputies meet in the Palazzo Montecitorio. A...
in 1948-1958. In 1953 he was Minister of Merchant Marine, a position he held under two more governments until 1954. The following year, he was Minister of the Interior under the first government of Antonio Segni
Antonio Segni
Antonio Segni was an Italian politician who was the 35th Prime Minister of Italy , and the fourth President of the Italian Republic from 1962 to 1964...
, being confirmed under the following ones, led by Adone Zoli
Adone Zoli
Adone Zoli was an Italian politician and member of the Christian Democratic Party. He served as the 36th Prime Minister of Italy from 1957-1958.-Biography:Zoli was born in Cesena, in the province of Forlì-Cesena....
and Amintore Fanfani
Amintore Fanfani
Amintore Fanfani was an Italian career politician and the 33rd man to serve the office of Prime Minister of the State. He was one of the well-known Italian politicians after the Second World War, and a historical figure of the Christian Democracy .Fanfani and Giovanni Giolitti are still actually...
respectively. In 1959, again under Segni, he was Minister of Economy.
In 1960, sponsored by President Giovanni Gronchi
Giovanni Gronchi
Giovanni Gronchi was a Christian Democratic Italian politician who became the third President of the Italian Republic in 1955, after Luigi Einaudi...
, he formed the Tambroni Cabinet
Tambroni Cabinet
The Tambroni Cabinet was the cabinet of the government of Italy from 25 March 1960 to 26 July 1960. The government only got his necessary vote of confidence by the parliament, thanks to the votes of the fascist Italian Social Movement and the Monarchists...
and became Prime Minister. Tambroni's politics soon appeared strongly right-wing: having abandoned the alliance with the Italian Socialist Party
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II...
, he was elected with votes coming also from the post-fascist Italian Social Movement
Italian Social Movement
The Italian Social Movement , and later the Italian Social Movement–National Right , was a neo-fascist and post-fascist political party in Italy. Formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, the party became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s...
(MSI). On 21 May 1960, a street assembly led by the communist
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party was a communist political party in Italy.The PCI was founded as Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno, by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party . Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played...
leader was stopped by police, with the support of the government. This caused a series of riots.
Later the Minister of Culture Umberto Tupini censored Federico Fellini
Federico Fellini
Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI , was an Italian film director and scriptwriter. Known for a distinct style that blends fantasy and baroque images, he is considered one of the most influential and widely revered filmmakers of the 20th century...
's La dolce vita
La Dolce Vita
La Dolce Vita is a 1960 comedy-drama film written and directed by the critically acclaimed director Federico Fellini. The film is a story of a passive journalist's week in Rome, and his search for both happiness and love that will never come...
and other "shameful films".
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, one of the capitals of Italian Resistance against Fascism. This move was considered a further and unacceptable opening to the former Fascists of the doors of the government. On 30 June 1960, a large demonstration summoned by the left-wing CGIL trade union and by other democratic forces in the streets of Genoa was heavily suppressed by the Italian police. Other popular demonstrations in Reggio Emilia
Reggio Emilia
Reggio Emilia is an affluent city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 170,000 inhabitants and is the main comune of the Province of Reggio Emilia....
, Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, Palermo
Palermo
Palermo is a city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old...
, Catania
Catania
Catania is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the homonymous province, and with 298,957 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in Sicily and the tenth in Italy.Catania is known to have a seismic history and...
, Licata
Licata
Licata is a city and comune located on the south coast of Sicily, at the mouth of the Salso River , about midway between Agrigento and Gela...
again saw violent intervention by the police, causing several deaths. Eventually, after grievances coming also from some sectors of Democrazia Cristiana, Tambroni was forced to resign, having been in charge only 116 days.
He died in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.