Fingilish
Encyclopedia
Penglish, Pinglish, Fingilish or Fargelisi (a portmanteau word formed from Persian
+ English
, or Farsi + English
) is a term used to describe the way Persian
words are written using the Latin alphabet
(as opposed to the Persian alphabet), or generally the casual romanization of Persian words
popularized after computers, emailing and online chat became ubiquitous. This type of writing is commonly used in online chat
, email
s and SMS
. It developed and spread due to a lack of software supporting Persian alphabet in the past, and/or due to a lack of knowledge about the software that was available.
Although Persian writing is supported in recent operating systems
, there are still many cases where the Persian alphabet is unavailable and there is a need for an alternative way to write Persian with the Latin alphabet.
Initially there were no strict rules for conversion into Fingilish or how words were romanized, and the way of writing Fingilish varied greatly by accent. More recently a standard called Desphilic script has been introduced, which standardizes the concept and usage of a Persian-Roman alphabet. Desphilic script can be used to officially transliterate Persian and related dialects into a character set suitable for ordinary English keyboards, and also accepts UniPers characters (Â, Š, Ž). Unipers is another standard, defining an extended Persian-Roman alphabet for Persian language.
The following table contains some examples of romanized Persian words and the ways they are used by Persian chat users.
There is software to help transliterate from Penglish to Persian and vice versa. For example, Google has added a page to its Google Transliteration set which can be used to transliterate from Penglish into Persian script. There are also communities and message groups for Fingilish on some famous websites like Facebook
.
It is considered to be highly inappropriate to write official or polite messages in Fingilish; this reaches the point that, when there is no way to write the Persian alphabet, communication occurs directly in English rather Fingilish. Recently its counterpart Enersian
has arisen and is being used in Iran
in SMS.
is used to transliterate the Persian language
.
Table of equivalency of letters in Fingilish:
(PArsi keyboard or PArsic keyboard) has been invented which provides Fingilish users with additional characters like [ ä Ä , š Š , ğ Ğ , ž Ž , ü Ü , ö Ö, ķ Ķ] which can be used as counterparts for [آ ش ق ج ژ او خ ].
using Standardized Penglish:
Del iy ke qeyb namAy ast ov jAm ue jam dArad
Ze xAtam iy ke dam iy gom wav ad ce qam dArad?
Be xaT ov xAl ue gedAy An madeh xazine ye del
Be dast ue wAh vaw iy deh ke mohtaram dArad
Na har deraxt tahaMol konad jafA ye xazAn
qolAm ue heMat ue sarv am ke In qadam dArad
ras id mOsem ue An ke’az tarab co narges ue mast
neh ad be pA ye qadah har ke wew deram dArad
zar az bahA ye mey aknOn co gol dariq madAr
ke uaql ue kol be sad at ueyb moTaham dArad
ze seR ue qeyb kas AgAh nist qeSe ma xAn
kodAm mahram ue del rah dar In haram dArad?
Del am ke lAf ue tajaRod zad iy konOn sad woql
Be bOy ue zolf ue to bA bAd ue sobhdam dArad
morAd ue del ze ke pors am ke nist deldAr iy
ke jelve ye nazar ov wive ye karam dArad
ze jayb ue xerqe ye hAfez ce tarf betvAn bast?
Ke mA samad talabid im ov uo sanam dArad
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
+ English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, or Farsi + English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
) is a term used to describe the way Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
words are written using the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
(as opposed to the Persian alphabet), or generally the casual romanization of Persian words
Romanization of Persian
Romanization of Persian is the means by which the Persian language is represented using the Latin alphabet. Several different romanization schemes exist, each with its own set of rules driven by its own set of ideological goals.-Romanization paradigms:...
popularized after computers, emailing and online chat became ubiquitous. This type of writing is commonly used in online chat
Online chat
Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, that offers an instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver, hence the delay for visual access to the sent message shall not hamper the flow of communications in any of the directions...
Email
Electronic mail, commonly known as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the...
s and SMS
Short message service
Short Message Service is a text messaging service component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone devices...
. It developed and spread due to a lack of software supporting Persian alphabet in the past, and/or due to a lack of knowledge about the software that was available.
Although Persian writing is supported in recent operating systems
Operating system
An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system...
, there are still many cases where the Persian alphabet is unavailable and there is a need for an alternative way to write Persian with the Latin alphabet.
Initially there were no strict rules for conversion into Fingilish or how words were romanized, and the way of writing Fingilish varied greatly by accent. More recently a standard called Desphilic script has been introduced, which standardizes the concept and usage of a Persian-Roman alphabet. Desphilic script can be used to officially transliterate Persian and related dialects into a character set suitable for ordinary English keyboards, and also accepts UniPers characters (Â, Š, Ž). Unipers is another standard, defining an extended Persian-Roman alphabet for Persian language.
The following table contains some examples of romanized Persian words and the ways they are used by Persian chat users.
| Penglish | Desphilic | Persian | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dorood | DorOd | درود | hello |
| amadan | Amadan | آمدن | to come |
| parvaz | parvAz | پرواز | flight |
| sakhtar | sAxtAr | ساختار | structure |
| ghamoos | QAmOs | قاموس | manifest |
There is software to help transliterate from Penglish to Persian and vice versa. For example, Google has added a page to its Google Transliteration set which can be used to transliterate from Penglish into Persian script. There are also communities and message groups for Fingilish on some famous websites like Facebook
Facebook
Facebook is a social networking service and website launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. , Facebook has more than 800 million active users. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as...
.
Social Acceptance
Writing Fingilish is often considered bad style among Persian speakers, and is confined to (very) informal communication.It is considered to be highly inappropriate to write official or polite messages in Fingilish; this reaches the point that, when there is no way to write the Persian alphabet, communication occurs directly in English rather Fingilish. Recently its counterpart Enersian
Enersian
Enersian is a method of writing in English using Perso-Arabic script . This type of writing are being used when two persons are writing to each other and want their text to be understood by anyone who knows both English and Persian.As an example:...
has arisen and is being used in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
in SMS.
Equivalency of letters
The table below shows how the Latin alphabetLatin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
is used to transliterate the Persian language
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
.
Table of equivalency of letters in Fingilish:
| Persian | Fingilish |
|---|---|
| ا،آ | a (aa) |
| ب | b |
| پ | p |
| ت | t |
| ث | s |
| ج | j |
| چ | ch |
| ح | h |
| خ | kh (x) |
| د | d |
| ذ | z |
| ر | r |
| ز | z |
| ژ | zh, j |
| س | s |
| ش | sh |
| ص | s |
| ض | z |
| ط | t |
| ظ | z |
| ع,ء | `, ae, ea |
| غ | gh |
| ف | f |
| ق | q, gh |
| ک | k |
| گ | g |
| ل | l |
| م | m |
| ن | n |
| و | u, v |
| ه | h |
| ی | y |
Fingilish keyboard
There also exist trials and standards to help Fingilish users and provide them a more convenient way to write Persian using roman alphabet. Because some Persian alphabet letters do not exist in English, a Persian KeyboardPersian keyboard
-Disambiguation:Persian keyboard or PArsic keyboard is a keyboard which supports Uni-Pers characters and is targeted to be used by Fingilish users and Persian speaking chat users.-Persian chat keyboard:...
(PArsi keyboard or PArsic keyboard) has been invented which provides Fingilish users with additional characters like [ ä Ä , š Š , ğ Ğ , ž Ž , ü Ü , ö Ö, ķ Ķ] which can be used as counterparts for [آ ش ق ج ژ او خ ].
A Persian poem in Penglish
As a detailed example for illustrating Penglish standards, This is a famous poem from the great Persian poet HafezHafez
Khwāja Shamsu d-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī , known by his pen name Hāfez , was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry are to be found in the homes of most Iranians, who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day...
using Standardized Penglish:
Del iy ke qeyb namAy ast ov jAm ue jam dArad
Ze xAtam iy ke dam iy gom wav ad ce qam dArad?
Be xaT ov xAl ue gedAy An madeh xazine ye del
Be dast ue wAh vaw iy deh ke mohtaram dArad
Na har deraxt tahaMol konad jafA ye xazAn
qolAm ue heMat ue sarv am ke In qadam dArad
ras id mOsem ue An ke’az tarab co narges ue mast
neh ad be pA ye qadah har ke wew deram dArad
zar az bahA ye mey aknOn co gol dariq madAr
ke uaql ue kol be sad at ueyb moTaham dArad
ze seR ue qeyb kas AgAh nist qeSe ma xAn
kodAm mahram ue del rah dar In haram dArad?
Del am ke lAf ue tajaRod zad iy konOn sad woql
Be bOy ue zolf ue to bA bAd ue sobhdam dArad
morAd ue del ze ke pors am ke nist deldAr iy
ke jelve ye nazar ov wive ye karam dArad
ze jayb ue xerqe ye hAfez ce tarf betvAn bast?
Ke mA samad talabid im ov uo sanam dArad
External links
- fingilish.net,First Web site to type Arabic script (Persian, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Urdu, Ottoman, ...) using Latin keyboard Type Latin and get Arabic / Farsi Letters.
- A web based Pingilish to Persian translator
- Pingilish to Persian Translator
- Tools for the Persian language: Pingilish-Persian transcriber, virtual Persian keyboard...
- behnevis.com: Interactive web based Persian transliterator
- eMonshi.com: Interactive web based Persian transliterator
- En2Fa Program site.First Pingilish into persian translator program.
- The New Arabic keyboard Type Latin and get Arabic Letters.
- Desphilic Script
- http://www.unipers.com/