The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book is a primary source of keyboard music from the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean

Jacobean era

The Jacobean era refers to the period in English and Scottish history that coincides with the reign of King James VI of Scotland, who also inherited the crown of England in 1603 as James I...

 periods in England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

, i.e., the late Renaissance

Renaissance music

Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance. Defining the beginning of the musical era is difficult, given that its defining characteristics were adopted only gradually; musicologists have placed its beginnings from as early as 1300 to as late as the 1470s.Literally meaning...

 and very early Baroque

Baroque music

Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...

. It takes its name from Viscount Fitzwilliam who bequeathed this manuscript collection to Cambridge University

University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...

 in 1816. It is now deposited in the Fitzwilliam Museum

Fitzwilliam Museum

The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge, located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge, England. It receives around 300,000 visitors annually. Admission is free....

 at Cambridge.

History

Once called Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book, a title that has been abandoned because it has been determined that she never owned it, this manuscript was given no title by its copyist. It was believed to be the manuscript collection of Francis Tregian the Younger

Francis Tregian the Younger

Francis Tregian the Younger was the son of the Catholic exile Francis Tregian the Elder .He was educated in France, and in 1592 obtained a position in Rome as chamberlain to Cardinal William Allen...

, an amateur keyboard player of the very early 17th century who may have copied the entire collection while imprisoned between 1609 and 1619 in connection with his Catholic sympathies (although his authorship has been disputed ). Other scholars note that even if Tregian is the compiler, it is unlikely that he was imprisoned because of his family connections. Until Parthenia

Parthenia (music)

Parthenia or the Maydenhead of the first musicke that ever was printed for the Virginalls was, as the title states, the first printed collection of music for keyboard in England...

was printed in about 1612, there was no keyboard music published as such in England at this time, and like the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, most collections of keyboard music were compiled by performers: other examples include Will Forster's Virginal Book, Clement Matchett's Virginal Book

Clement Matchett's Virginal Book

Clement Matchett's Virginal Book is a musical manuscript from the late renaissance compiled by a young Norfolk man in 1612. Although a small anthology, it is notable not only for the quality of its music but also for the precise fingering indications that reveal the contemporary treatment of...

, and [William] Tisdale

William Tisdale

William Tisdale also written Tisdall was an English musician and composer of the virginal school. No conclusive evidence about him has yet been discovered...

's Virginal Book.

It includes music dating from approximately 1562 to 1612 by John Bull

John Bull (composer)

John Bull was an English composer, musician, and organ builder. He was a renowned keyboard performer of the virginalist school and most of his compositions were written for this medium.-Life:...

, William Byrd

William Byrd

William Byrd was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard and consort music.-Provenance:Knowledge of Byrd's biography expanded in the late 20th century, thanks largely...

, Orlando Gibbons

Orlando Gibbons

Orlando Gibbons was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the late Tudor and early Jacobean periods...

, Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby was an English composer and virginalist of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.-Life:Giles Farnaby was born about 1563, perhaps in Truro, Cornwall, England or near London. His father, Thomas, was a Cittizen and Joyner of London, and Giles may have been related to Thomas Farnaby , the...

 (51 of whose 52 known pieces are included), Martin Peerson

Martin Peerson

Martin Peerson was an English composer, organist and virginalist...

, Peter Philips

Peter Philips

Peter Philips was an eminent English composer, organist, and Catholic priest exiled to Flanders...

 and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. He was among the first major keyboard composers of Europe, and his work as a teacher helped establish the north German organ...

, as well as many others. There are 297 separate pieces (actually, 298: one piece is numbered, but is blank. Strangely, the Maitland Squire edition numbers No. 182 twice). As with many keyboard manuscripts of the time, the pieces were not written for a specific instrument, and most sound happily on all contemporary keyboard instruments, including virginals

Virginals

The virginals or virginal is a keyboard instrument of the harpsichord family...

, harpsichord

Harpsichord

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...

, clavichord

Clavichord

The clavichord is a European stringed keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. Historically, it was widely used as a practice instrument and as an aid to composition, not being loud enough for larger performances. The clavichord produces...

 and chamber organ. Many of the pieces in the book are short, and many of them are character pieces with droll and memorable titles, including "Put Up Thy Dagger, Jemy", "The New Sa-Hoo", and "Quodlings Delight" by Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby was an English composer and virginalist of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.-Life:Giles Farnaby was born about 1563, perhaps in Truro, Cornwall, England or near London. His father, Thomas, was a Cittizen and Joyner of London, and Giles may have been related to Thomas Farnaby , the...

; "Nobody's Gigge", by Richard Farnaby; "Pakington's Pownde" and "The Irishe Dumpe" (anonymous); "The Ghost" and "The Earle of Oxford's Marche" by William Byrd

William Byrd

William Byrd was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard and consort music.-Provenance:Knowledge of Byrd's biography expanded in the late 20th century, thanks largely...

; "Worster Braules" by Thomas Tomkins

Thomas Tomkins

Thomas Tomkins was an English composer of the late Tudor and early Stuart period. In addition to being one of the prominent members of the English madrigal school, he was a skilled composer of keyboard and consort music, and the last member of the English virginalist school.-Life:Tomkins was born...

; and the famous "Lachrymae Pavan" by John Dowland

John Dowland

John Dowland was an English Renaissance composer, singer, and lutenist. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as "Come, heavy sleep" , "Come again", "Flow my tears", "I saw my Lady weepe" and "In darkness let me dwell", but his instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and has...

, as arranged by Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby was an English composer and virginalist of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.-Life:Giles Farnaby was born about 1563, perhaps in Truro, Cornwall, England or near London. His father, Thomas, was a Cittizen and Joyner of London, and Giles may have been related to Thomas Farnaby , the...

 and by William Byrd

William Byrd

William Byrd was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard and consort music.-Provenance:Knowledge of Byrd's biography expanded in the late 20th century, thanks largely...

.

In 1899

1899 in music

- Events :*April 26**Jean Sibelius's Symphony No. 1 is premiered in Helsinki.**Tenor Antonio Paoli makes his début in Rossini's William Tell in Paris.*May 27 - Maurice Ravel conducts the first performance of his song cycle Shéhérazade....

, Breitkopf & Härtel

Breitkopf & Härtel

Breitkopf & Härtel is the world's oldest music publishing house. The firm was founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf . The catalogue currently contains over 1000 composers, 8000 works and 15,000 music editions or books on music. The name "Härtel" was added when Gottfried...

 published an edition in two volumes (the Maitland Squire edition, see the Sources below) with only a basic critical commentary, which has been reprinted by Dover Publications

Dover Publications

Dover Publications is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche. It publishes primarily reissues, books no longer published by their original publishers. These are often, but not always, books in the public domain. The original published editions may be...

 and is available inexpensively. Note that this contains many errors, despite the revisions made in the second (Dover) edition. A microfilm facsimile of the manuscript is included in The music collections of the Cambridge libraries (Woodbridge, Conn. : Research Publications, 1991). Editions Minkoff has been preparing a facsimile of the manuscript for some years http://www.minkoff-editions.com/nouvparutions/Nouvelles%20parutions%20-%20New%20publications.htm. Musica Britannica is preparing a volume dedicated to the "Keyboard Music from Fitzwilliam Manuscripts" http://www.musicabritannica.org.uk/volumes.html#further%20vols.

Much of this music has yet to be recorded; a complete performance series has been underway since 2005 by Francis Knights of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, on virginals, harpsichord, clavichord and organ (see www.francisknights.co.uk).

The Pieces in the Book

(For each composer, the pieces follow the order in which they appear in the manuscript)

Anonymous

• Alman
• Barafostus' Dreame
• Muscadin
• Alman
• Galiarda
• Praeludium, El. Kyddermynster
• Praeludium
• The Irishe Hoe-Hoane
• Veni
• Heavene and Erthe
• [Exercise]
• Praeludium
• Praeludium
• Why Aske Yow
• [deest owing to an error in numbering]
• Pakingtons Pownde
• The Irish Dompe
• Watkins Ale
• Can Shee
• A Toye
• An Almain
• Corranto
• Alman
• Corranto
• Corranto
• Corranto
• Daunce
• Praeludium
• Martin Sayd to his Man
• Coranto
• Corranto
• Corranto
• Corranto
• Corranto
• Alman
• Nowels Galliarde
• The Kynges Morisco
• Alman
• A Toye
• Corranto
• Ladye Riche
• Corranto
• A Toye
• Allemanda
• Dalling Alman

Doctor John Bull

John Bull (composer)

John Bull was an English composer, musician, and organ builder. He was a renowned keyboard performer of the virginalist school and most of his compositions were written for this medium.-Life:...

• Walsingham
• Galliarda to my Lorde Lumlyes Pavan
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• The Quadran Pavan
• Variation of the Quadran Pavan
• Galiard to the Quadran Pavan
• Pavan
• Galiard to the Pavan
• Sainte Thomas Wake
• Praeludium
• Fantasia
• Praeludium
• Gloria tibi trinitas
• Salvator Mundi
• Galliarda
• Variatio
• Galliarda to the Pavan
• In Nomine
• Christe Redemptor
• The Kynges Hunt
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• Dr Bulls Juell
• The Spanyshe Paven
• The Duke of Brunswykes Alman
• Pypers Galiarde
• Variatio ejusdem
• Praeludium
• Galiarda
• Galiarda
• A Gigge, Doctor Bulls My selfe
• A Gigge
• Praeludium
• Praeludium
• Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la
• The Duchesse of Brunswykes Toye
• Miserere in three partes

Ferdinando Richardson

Ferdinando Richardson

Ferdinando Richardson was an English courtier and musician.He was a pupil of Thomas Tallis; various works for the keyboard by him survive. He also held the post of Groom of the Privy Chamber under both Elizabeth I of England and James I of England.-References:*Richard Marlow, Sir Ferdinando...

• Pavana
• Variatio
• Galiarda
• Variation
• Pavane
• Variatio
• Galiarda
• Variatio

Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby

Giles Farnaby was an English composer and virginalist of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.-Life:Giles Farnaby was born about 1563, perhaps in Truro, Cornwall, England or near London. His father, Thomas, was a Cittizen and Joyner of London, and Giles may have been related to Thomas Farnaby , the...

• Pavana (Robert Johnson set by Giles Farnaby)
• The K[ing's] Hunt
• Spagnioletta
• For tow virginals
• Daphne
• Pawles Wharfe
• Quodlings Deligte
• Putte upp thy Dagger, Jemy
• Bony sweete Robin
• Fantasia
• Wooddy Cocke
• Rosasolis
• Alman (Robert Johnson set by Giles Farnaby)
• The Nuwe Sa-Hoo
• Giles Farnabyes Dreame
• His Rest
• His Humoure
• A Maske
• A Maske
• Fantasia
• A Maske
• Fantasia
• Loth to departe
• Fantasia
• Fantasia
• Ay me, poore Heart
• Fantasia
• Walter Erles Pavan
• The L. Zouches Maske
• Grownde
• Upp T[ails] all
• Tower Hill
• Praeludium
• A Gigge
• Galliarda
• A Toye
• Farnabyes Conceite
• Telle Mee, Daphne
• Mal Sims
• Rosseters Galiarde
• The Flatt Pavan
• Why aske yow
• Farmers Pavan
• The Olde Spagnoletta
• Meridian Alman
• Fantasia

John Munday

John Mundy (composer)

John Mundy was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the Renaissance period.-Life and works:...

• Fantasia
• Fantasia, Faire Wether, etc.
• Robin
• Goe frome my windowe
• Mundays Joye

Peter Philips

Peter Philips

Peter Philips was an eminent English composer, organist, and Catholic priest exiled to Flanders...

• Tirsi, di Luca Marenzio
  Luca Marenzio
  Luca Marenzio was an Italian composer and singer of the late Renaissance. He was one of the most renowned composers of madrigals, and wrote some of the most famous examples of the form in its late stage of development, prior to its early Baroque transformation by Monteverdi...
  
  . Ia. Parte intavolata di Pietro Phillipi.
• Freno
• Cosi morirò
• Fece da voi
• Pavana Pagget
• Galiarda
• Passamezzo Pavana
• Galiarda passamezzo
• Chi fara fede al Cielo, di Alessandro Striggio
  Alessandro Striggio
  Alessandro Striggio was an Italian composer, instrumentalist and diplomat of the Renaissance. He composed numerous madrigals as well as dramatic music, and by combining the two, became the inventor of madrigal comedy...
  
  
• Bon Jour mon Cueur, di Orlando di Lasso
• Pavana Dolorosa, Treg
  Francis Tregian the Younger
  Francis Tregian the Younger was the son of the Catholic exile Francis Tregian the Elder .He was educated in France, and in 1592 obtained a position in Rome as chamberlain to Cardinal William Allen...
  
  [ian set by]
• Galiarda Dolorosa
• Amarilli, di Julio Romano (Giulio Caccini
  Giulio Caccini
  Giulio Caccini , also known as Giulio Romano, was an Italian composer, teacher, singer, instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was one of the founders of the genre of opera, and one of the single most influential creators of the new Baroque style...
  
  )
• Margott laborez
• Fantasia
• Pavana
• Le Rossignuol, (Lasso set by)
• Galliardo
• Fantasia

Thomas Morley

Thomas Morley

Thomas Morley was an English composer, theorist, editor and organist of the Renaissance, and the foremost member of the English Madrigal School. He was the most famous composer of secular music in Elizabethan England and an organist at St Paul's Cathedral...

• Goe from My Window
• Nancie
• Fantasia
• Alman
• La Volta (Set by William Byrd)
• Pavana
• Galiarda

William Byrd

William Byrd

William Byrd was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard and consort music.-Provenance:Knowledge of Byrd's biography expanded in the late 20th century, thanks largely...

• Fantasia
• Jhon come kisse me nowe
• Praeludium
• Fantasia
• Passamezzo Pavana
• Galliardas Passamezzo
• The Carmans Whistle
  The Carmans Whistle
  "The Carmans Whistle" is a keyboard composition in C major by William Byrd. It is based on a popular Elizabethan tune.Unfortunately, the manuscript with Byrd's original score is now lost, but other manuscripts from this period survive...
  
   (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke
  My Ladye Nevells Booke
  My Ladye Nevells Booke is a music manuscript containing keyboard pieces by the English composer William Byrd, and, together with the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, one of the most important collections of keyboard music of the renaissance.-Description:My Ladye Nevells Booke consists of 42 pieces for...
  
  )
• The Huntes upp
  The Huntes upp
  The Huntes upp is a keyboard work in C major by William Byrd, based on an Elizabethan song. The words are:The piece has 11 variation s on the songs The Hunt is Up and The Nine Muses....
  
   (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke)
• Treg[ian's] Grownde
• Monsieurs Alman
• Variatio
• Alman
• Sellengers Rownde (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke)
• Fortune
• O Mistris Myne
• Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde
  Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde
  Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde is the title of a song from the Tudor era, popularly believed to have been a favourite of Henry VIII. The complete text of the song has not survived, but contained the short refrain:The melody of the song can be found in several compositions of the period, and...
  
   (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke)
• Have With Yow to Walsingame
  Have With Yow to Walsingame
  Have With Yow to Walsingame is a keyboard composition by William Byrd in G minor, based on a popular Elizabethan tune. In this work Byrd set the tune into 22 variations on the words of this song:...
  
   (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke)
• The Bells
• Pavana, Bray
• Galiarda
• Pavana, Ph. Tr.
• Galiarda
• Praeludium to the Fancie
• Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La (also catalogued in My Ladye Nevells Booke)
• Ut, Re, Mi
• Fantasia
• All in a Garden Grine
• Pavana Lachrymae (By Thomas Tallis
  Thomas Tallis
  Thomas Tallis was an English composer. Tallis flourished as a church musician in 16th century Tudor England. He occupies a primary place in anthologies of English church music, and is considered among the best of England's early composers. He is honoured for his original voice in English...
  
  , set by William Byrd)
• The Maydens Songe
• The Quadran Pavian
• Galiarde to the Quadran Pavian
• Malt's come downe (doubtful attribution)
• La Volta
• Alman
• Wolsey's Wylde
• Callino Casturame
• La Volta (T. Morley set by William Byrd)
• Rowland
• The Goste
• Alman
• Galliard
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• The Queene's Alman
• A Medley
• Pavana
• Galliarda
• Miserere in three partes
• Miserere in fore partes
• A Gigg
• Sir Jhon Grayes Galliarde
• Gipsies Rownde
• Coranto
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• Pavana
• Galiarda
• Pavana
• Pavana Fant[asia]
• Galiarda
• The Earle of Oxford's Marche
• Fantasia
• Pavana, Canon
• Pescodd Tyme
• Pavana deligte (Edward Johnson, set by William Byrd)
• Galiarda (Edward Johnson, set by William Byrd)
• Ladye Montegles Pavan.

The Other Pieces

• Pavana - M. S.
• The Woods so Wilde - Orlando Gibbons
  Orlando Gibbons
  Orlando Gibbons was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the late Tudor and early Jacobean periods...
  
  
• Praeludium - Thomas Oldfield
• In Nomine - William Blitheman (see John Blitheman
  John Blitheman
  John Blitheman was an English composer and organist. The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, which includes the third of his Gloria tibi Trinitas settings, gives his forename as William...
  
  )
• Fantasia - Nicholas Strogers
• Alman - Nicholas Strogers
• Toccata - Giovanni Picchi
  Giovanni Picchi
  Giovanni Picchi was an Italian composer, organist, lutenist, and harpsichordist of the early Baroque era. He was a late follower of the Venetian School, and was influential in the development and differentiation of instrumental forms which were just beginning to appear, such as the sonata and the...
  
  
• Praeludium, Toccata - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
  Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
  Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck was a Dutch composer, organist, and pedagogue whose work straddled the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Baroque eras. He was among the first major keyboard composers of Europe, and his work as a teacher helped establish the north German organ...
  
  
• Pavana - Thomas Warrock (see also organists of Hereford Cathedral
  Hereford Cathedral
  The current Hereford Cathedral, located at Hereford in England, dates from 1079. Its most famous treasure is Mappa Mundi, a mediæval map of the world dating from the 13th century. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.-Origins:...
  
  )
• Galiarda - Thomas Warrock
• Praeludium - Galeazzo
• Heavene and Erthe - Fre - Francis Tregian
• Felix namque 1 - Thomas Tallis
  Thomas Tallis
  Thomas Tallis was an English composer. Tallis flourished as a church musician in 16th century Tudor England. He occupies a primary place in anthologies of English church music, and is considered among the best of England's early composers. He is honoured for his original voice in English...
  
  
• Felix namque 2 - Thomas Tallis
• Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La a 4 voci - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
• Pavana Lachrymae - John Dowland
  John Dowland
  John Dowland was an English Renaissance composer, singer, and lutenist. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as "Come, heavy sleep" , "Come again", "Flow my tears", "I saw my Lady weepe" and "In darkness let me dwell", but his instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and has...
  
   (set by William Byrd)
• Galiarda - James Harding (set by William Byrd)
• Pavana - Thomas Tomkins
  Thomas Tomkins
  Thomas Tomkins was an English composer of the late Tudor and early Stuart period. In addition to being one of the prominent members of the English madrigal school, he was a skilled composer of keyboard and consort music, and the last member of the English virginalist school.-Life:Tomkins was born...
  
  
• A Grownde - Thomas Tomkins
• Barafostus' Dreame - Thomas Tomkins
• The Hunting Galliard - Thomas Tomkins
• In Nomine - John Parsons
  John Parsons
  John Parsons may refer to:*John Parsons * John Parsons , Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University* John T...
  
  
• Psalme - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
• Nobodyes Gigge - Richard Farnaby (son of Giles Farnaby
  Giles Farnaby
  Giles Farnaby was an English composer and virginalist of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.-Life:Giles Farnaby was born about 1563, perhaps in Truro, Cornwall, England or near London. His father, Thomas, was a Cittizen and Joyner of London, and Giles may have been related to Thomas Farnaby , the...
  
  )
• Pipers Pavan - Martin Peerson
  Martin Peerson
  Martin Peerson was an English composer, organist and virginalist...
  
  
• Allemanda - Marchant
  Marchant
  Marchant may refer to:People:* Chesten Marchant , last monoglot Cornish speaker* George Marchant , Australian soft-drink manufacturer and philanthropist...
  
  
• Fayne would I Wedd - Richard Farnaby
• Worster Braules - Thomas Tomkins
• Almand - William Tisdall
  William Tisdale
  William Tisdale also written Tisdall was an English musician and composer of the virginal school. No conclusive evidence about him has yet been discovered...
  
  
• Pavana Chromatica - William Tisdall
• Fantasia - Jan Pieterzoon Sweelinck
• Pavana, Clement Cotton - William Tisdall
• Pavana - William Tisdall
• Alman - Hooper (perhaps Edmund Hooper
  Edmund Hooper (organist)
  Edmund Hooper was an English composer and organist.He was employed at Westminster Abbey from 1588 to 1621 and organist of the Chapel Royal from 1618 to 1621.-Background:He was born in North Halberton, Devon, c1553....
  
  )
• Corranto - Hooper
• Jhonsons Medley - Edward Johnson (composer)
  Edward Johnson (composer)
  Edward Johnson was an English composer and lyricist. His perhaps best known work was "Jhonsons Medley"....
  
  
• A Galiarde Grownde - William Inglot (see also organists of Hereford Cathedral
  Hereford Cathedral
  The current Hereford Cathedral, located at Hereford in England, dates from 1079. Its most famous treasure is Mappa Mundi, a mediæval map of the world dating from the 13th century. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.-Origins:...
  
  )
• The Leaves bee greene - William Inglot
• Galiarda - Jehan Oystermayre
• The Primerose - Martin Peerson
• The Fall of the Leafe - Martin Peerson
• Pavana Delight - Edward Johnson (set by William Byrd)
• Lachrymae Pavan - John Dowland (set by Giles Farnaby)
• Pavana - Orlando Gibbons
• Galiarda - William Tisdall
• Hanskin - Richard Farnaby

Media

See also

• The Mulliner Book
  The Mulliner Book
  The Mulliner Book is a historically important musical commonplace book compiled, probably between about 1545 and 1570, by Thomas Mulliner, about whom practically nothing is known, except that he figures in 1563 as modulator organorum of Corpus Christi College, Oxford...
  
  
• The Dublin Virginal Manuscript
• My Ladye Nevells Booke
  My Ladye Nevells Booke
  My Ladye Nevells Booke is a music manuscript containing keyboard pieces by the English composer William Byrd, and, together with the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, one of the most important collections of keyboard music of the renaissance.-Description:My Ladye Nevells Booke consists of 42 pieces for...
  
  
• Susanne van Soldt Manuscript
  Susanne van Soldt Manuscript
  The Susanne van Soldt Manuscript is a keyboard anthology dated 1599 consisting of 33 pieces copied by or for a young Flemish or Dutch girl living in London...
  
  
• Clement Matchett's Virginal Book
  Clement Matchett's Virginal Book
  Clement Matchett's Virginal Book is a musical manuscript from the late renaissance compiled by a young Norfolk man in 1612. Although a small anthology, it is notable not only for the quality of its music but also for the precise fingering indications that reveal the contemporary treatment of...
  
  
• Parthenia
  Parthenia (music)
  Parthenia or the Maydenhead of the first musicke that ever was printed for the Virginalls was, as the title states, the first printed collection of music for keyboard in England...
  
  
• Priscilla Bunbury's Virginal Book
  Priscilla Bunbury's Virginal Book
  Priscilla Bunbury's Virginal Book is a musical commonplace book compiled in the late 1630's by two young women from an affluent Cheshire family. It is important more for its fingering indications than for the quality of the music it contains.-The Manuscript:...
  
  
• Elizabeth Roger's Virginal Book
  Elizabeth Roger's Virginal Book
  Elizabeth Rogers Virginal Book is a musical commonplace book compiled in the mid-seventeenth century by a person or persons so far unidentified...
  
  
• Anne Cromwell's Virginal Book
  Anne Cromwell's Virginal Book
  Anne Cromwell's Virginal Book is a manuscript keyboard compilation dated 1638. Whilst the importance of the music it contains is not high, it reveals the sort of keyboard music that was being played in the home at this time.-The Manuscript:...
  
  

Sources

• J.A. Fuller Maitland and W. Barclay Squire, ed., The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book (2 vols., Leipzig 1899; repub. New York 1963; rev. edn, 1979)
• Gustave Reese
  Gustave Reese
  Gustave Reese was an American musicologist and teacher. Reese is known mainly for his work on medieval and Renaissance music, particularly with his two publications Music in the Middle Ages and Music in the Renaissance ; these two books remain the standard reference works for these two eras,...
  
  , Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
• The New Harvard Dictionary of Music, ed. Don Randel. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-674-61525-5
• Percy A. Scholes, The Oxford Companion to Music. London, Oxford University Press, 1970. No ISBN.
• Harold Gleason and Warren Becker, Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (Music Literature Outlines Series I). Bloomington, Indiana.
• Ruby Reid Thompson, Francis Tregian the Younger as music copyist: A legend and an alternative view. Music and Letters 2001 82: 1-31; doi:10.1093/ml/82.1.1

External links

• Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, c.1610 – c.1625, information by the Fitzwilliam Museum
  Fitzwilliam Museum
  The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge, located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge, England. It receives around 300,000 visitors annually. Admission is free....
  
  
• Lynda Sayce und Kah-Ming Ng: The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, Signum Records, 1999