Flora of the Antipodes Islands
Encyclopedia
This is a list of taxa comprising the flora of the Antipodes Islands
. It includes some species known as megaherbs.
, at least one species of Chlamydomonas
, and a Xanthophyceae, perhaps Tetrakenton or Goniochloris.
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
Antipodes Islands
The Antipodes Islands are inhospitable volcanic islands to the south of—and territorially part of—New Zealand...
. It includes some species known as megaherbs.
Algae
In 1985, 116 species of marine algae were recorded at the Antipodes Islands. At least three species of freshwater algae have been recorded, but these have not yet been positively identified: a species of ChlorellaChlorella
Chlorella is a genus of single-celled green algae, belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta. It is spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and is without flagella. Chlorella contains the green photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll-a and -b in its chloroplast...
, at least one species of Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae. They are unicellular flagellates. Chlamydomonas is used as a model organism for molecular biology, especially studies of flagellar motility and chloroplast dynamics, biogenesis, and genetics...
, and a Xanthophyceae, perhaps Tetrakenton or Goniochloris.
Fungi
The only fungi recorded from the Antipodes Islands are Puccinia caricina and a Claviceps (Ergot) species.Lichens
The following species of lichenLichen
Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic organism composed of a fungus with a photosynthetic partner , usually either a green alga or cyanobacterium...
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Cladia aggregata
- Cladia retipora
- Cladina confusa
- Cladonia campbelliana
- Cladonia capitellata
- Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticillata
- Everniastrum sorocheilum
- Menegazzia circumsorediata
- Opegrapha diaphoriza
- Parmelia cunninghamii
- Pseudocyphellaria coronata
- Pseudocyphellaria glabra
- Stereocaulon argus
- Stereocaulon ramulosum
- Usnea torulosa
- Usnea cf. xanthopoga
- Xanthoria ligulata
Liverworts
The following species of liverwortMarchantiophyta
The Marchantiophyta are a division of bryophyte plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like other bryophytes, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information....
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Adelanthus occlusus
- Anastrophyllum schismoides
- Chandonanthus squarrosus
- Chiloscyphus erraticus
- Chiloscyphus furcistipulus
- Chiloscyphus physanthus
- Clasmatocolea paucistipula
- Cuspidatula monodon
- Frullania falciloba
- Frullania scandens
- Gackstroemia weindorferi
- Jamesoniella colorataJamesoniella colorataJamesoniella colorata is a species of liverwort in the Jungermanniaceae family. It is found in the zone of the Antarctic Convergence. Samples have been found on the Kerguelen islands, Crozet islands, and the Prince Edward islands.-History of discovery:...
- Lejeunea primordialis
- Lepidolaena hodgsoniae
- Lepidolaena taylori
- Lepidozia glaucophylla
- Lophocolea bidentata
- Lophocolea hodgsoniae
- Lophocolea gunniana
- Lophocolea minor
- Lophocolea nova-zelandiae
- Lophocolea semiteres
- Lophocolea sp.
- Marchantia berteroana
- Marsupidium abbreviatum
- Metzgeria decipiens
- Metzgeria disciformis
- Pallavicinia xiphoides
- Plagiochila deltoideaPlagiochila deltoideaPlagiochila deltoidea is a liverwort that resides on wet ground. It can grow to lengths of up to 60 mm with 3 mm wide leaves....
- Plagiochila radiculosa
- Plagiochila sinclairii
- Plagiochila strombifolia
- Porella elegantula
- Telaranea corticola
- Telaranea patentissima
- Tylimanthus tenellus
Mosses
The following species of mossMoss
Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1–10 cm tall, though some species are much larger. They commonly grow close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations. They do not have flowers or seeds, and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry stems...
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Breutelia pendulaBreutelia pendulaBreutelia pendula is a species of moss. It occurs in Australia and New Zealand, including the subantarctic islands of Macquarie, Campbell, the Aucklands and the Antipodes....
- Bryum argenteum
- Bryum blandum
- Campylopus clavatus
- Campylopus introflexusCampylopus introflexusCampylopus introflexus is a species of moss. It has a native southern hemisphere distribution in southern South America, southern part of Africa, southern and eastern Australia, and Atlantic and Pacific islands such as New Zealand, New Caledonia and the South Sandwich Islands. It is a neophyte in...
- Ceratodon purpureusCeratodon purpureusCeratodon purpureus is a dioicous moss with a color ranging from yellow-green to red. The height amounts to 3 centimeters. It is found worldwide, mainly in urban areas and next to roads on dry sand soils. It can grow in a very wide variety of habitats, from polluted highway shoulders and mine...
- Dicranoloma robustum
- Drepanocladus fluitans
- Lembophyllum clandestinum
- Leptostomum inclinans
- Muelleriella crassifolia
- Pohlia wahlenbergii
- Polytrichadelphus magellanicus
- Polytrichum juniperinumPolytrichum juniperinumPolytrichum juniperinum, commonly known as juniper haircap moss, is an evergreen and perennial species of moss that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antarctica.-Description:...
- Ptychomnion aciculare
- Racomitrium crispulum
- Rhynchostegium tenuifolium
- Sphagnum australe
- Sphagnum falcatulum
- Tayloria purpurascens
- Willia calobolax
Lycopods
Three species of lycopod have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:- Lycopodium fastigiatum
- Lycopodium scariosum
- Lycopodium varium
Ferns
The following species of fernFern
A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants...
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Asplenium obtusatum
- Asplenium terrestre
- Blechnum durumBlechnum durumBlechnum durum in the hard fern genus is within the family Blechnaceae. This fern has a somewhat restricted range in coastal forests from south of Okuru and the Haast River eastward to the Catlins on South Island, New Zealand. B...
- Blechnum fluviatileBlechnum fluviatileBlechnum fluviatile is a fern known in the Māori language as kiwikiwi. A herbaceous plant, B. fluviatile is a "hard fern" of the Blechnum genus in the Blechnaceae family. It was identified by Patrick Brownsey in 1979. Other common names are star fern, creek fern, kawakawa and...
- Blechnum penna-marinaBlechnum penna-marinaBlechnum penna-marina or pinque is a fern with a natural range spanning from Araucanía Region to the south and from the coast to the tree line of the Magellanic forests in Chile and adjacent areas of Argentina. B. penna-marina is also found in Australia and some Pacific islands.-Sources:...
- BlechnumBlechnumBlechnum is a genus of between 150–220 species of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. By far the greatest species diversity is in tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere, with only a few species reaching cool temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere...
sp. - Grammitis billartierei
- Grammitis magellanica subsp. magellanica
- Grammitis givenii
- Histiopteris incisaHistiopteris incisaHistiopteris incisa known as the Bat's Wing Fern is a common plant found in Australia, New Zealand and other islands in the south Pacific region. Usually found in moist areas, where it may form large colonies. Fronds are soft and green. Up to two metres long, opposite on the stem, with deeply lobed...
- Hymenophyllum flabellatumHymenophyllum flabellatumShiny Filmy-fern, Hymenophyllum flabellatum, is a species of fern in the Hymenophyllaceae family....
- Hymenophyllum minimum
- Hymenophyllum multifidum
- Hypolepis millefolium
- Phymatosorus diversifolius
- Polystichum vestitumPolystichum vestitumPolystichum vestitum, commonly known as the Prickly Shield Fern, is a hardy, evergreen or semi-evergreen ground fern.-Description:...
- Pteridium esculentumPteridium esculentumPteridium esculentum, commonly known as Austral bracken or simply bracken, is a species of the bracken genus native to a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere....
Monocotyledons
The following species of monocotyledonMonocotyledon
Monocotyledons, also known as monocots, are one of two major groups of flowering plants that are traditionally recognized, the other being dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocot seedlings typically have one cotyledon , in contrast to the two cotyledons typical of dicots...
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Agrostis magellanicaAgrostis magellanicaAgrostis magellanica is a species of grass. It has a circumpolar distribution and is native to many subantarctic islands in, and the coasts bordering, the Southern Ocean.-Description:...
- Aporostylis bifolia
- Carex appressa
- Carex sectoides
- Carex ternaria
- Carex trifida
- Chiloglottis cornuta
- Corybas trilobis
- Isolepis aucklandica
- Isolepis cernuaIsolepis cernuaIsolepis cernua is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names fiberoptic grass, tufted clubrush, and low bulrush. It is widespread, being native to many regions of the world, including parts of Australasia, Eurasia, Africa, and North and South America.-External...
- Juncus scheuchzerioidesJuncus scheuchzerioidesJuncus scheuchzerioides is a species of rush variously called Short Rush or Greater Rush. It has an Antarctic circumpolar distribution and is native to many subantarctic islands in, and on the regions bordering, the Southern Ocean....
- Lachnogrostis leptostachys
- Luzula crinita var. crinitaLuzula crinitaLuzula crinita is a species of flowering plant in the rush family that is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia. The specific epithet comes from the Latin crinitus , with reference to the leaves....
- Poa annuaPoa annuaPoa annua, or annual meadow grass , is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Though P. annua is commonly considered a solely annual plant due to its name, perennial bio-types do exist. 'Poa' is Greek for fodder. It is one of the sweetest grasses for green fodder, but less ...
- Poa antipoda
- Poa breviglumis
- Poa foliosaPoa foliosaPoa foliosa is a species of tussock grass commonly known as Muttonbird Poa. It is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia.-Description:...
- Poa litorosa
- Prasophyllum colensoi
- Puccinellia antipoda
- Uncinia hookeri
Dicotyledons
The following species of dicotyledonDicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 199,350 species within this group...
have been recorded from the Antipodes Islands:
- Anisotome antipoda
- Apium prostratumApium prostratumApium prostratum, commonly known as sea celery, is a variable herb native to coastal Australia. The leaves are variable, with toothed leaflets, and a celery like aroma. The tiny white flowers occur in clusters.There are two varieties:...
- Stilbocarpa polarisStilbocarpa polarisStilbocarpa polaris, commonly known as the Macquarie Island Cabbage, is a species of flowering plant usually placed in the family Araliaceae. It is a megaherb, growing up to about a metre in height, native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and to Australia’s Macquarie Island. It was used...
- Helichrysum bellidioides
- Lagenifera petiolata
- Leptinella plumosa
- Pleurophyllum criniferumPleurophyllum criniferumPleurophyllum criniferum is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family that is endemic to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand.-Description:Pleurophyllum criniferum is a large perennial herb, growing up to 2 m in height...
- Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
- Senecio radiolatus
- Sonchus asperSonchus asperSonchus asper is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath...
- Taraxacum magellanicum
- Cardamine corymbosaCardamine corymbosaCardamine corymbosa, commonly known as the New Zealand Bittercress, is a flowering plant in the Brassicaceae, or cabbage family. Native to the subantarctic islands of Australasia, it has become an invasive species in plant nurseries...
- Lepidium oleraceumLepidium oleraceumLepidium oleraceum is a herb in the Brassicaceae family, endemic to New Zealand. Its English common name is Cook's Scurvy Grass; Māori names include Heketara, Nau and Ngau.-Taxonomy:There are three recognised varieties:...
- Callitriche antarcticaCallitriche antarcticaCallitriche antarctica , commonly known as the Antarctic water-starwort, is a small, prostrate plant with tiny yellow flowers in the plantain family...
- Colobanthus apetalus
- Colobanthus muscoidesColobanthus muscoidesColobanthus muscoides is a low-growing, moss-like flowering cushion plant in the Caryophyllaceae, or carnation family, found on islands in the south-west Pacific, especially in the subantarctic region...
- Stellaria decipiens var. decipiens
- Stellaria decipiens var. angustata
- Stellaria media
- Crassula moschata
- Gentiana antipoda
- Geranium microphyllum
- Pratia arenaria
- Epilobium alsinoides subsp. atriplicifolium
- Epilobium pedunculare
- Rumex neglectus
- Montia fontanaMontia fontanaMontia fontana, commonly known as blinks or water-blinks, water chickweed or annual water miner's lettuce, is a herbaceous annual plant of the genus Montia. It is a common plant that can be found in wet environments across the globe, from the tropics to the Arctic. It is quite variable in...
- Acaena minor var. antarctica
- Coprosma ciliata
- Coprosma perpusilla subsp. subantarctica
- Coprosma rugosaCoprosma rugosaCoprosma rugosa is a shrub in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to New Zealand. It is found in grasslands and forest margins up to the subalpine zone. C. rugosa bears small purple-white berries in autumn, the seed of which is widely dispersed by birds...
- Coprosma rugosa x ciliata
- Urtica australis