Food Not Bombs
Encyclopedia
Food Not Bombs is a loose-knit group of independent collectives, serving free vegan and vegetarian food to others. Food Not Bombs' ideology is that myriad corporate
and government
priorities are skewed to allow hunger
to persist in the midst of abundance. To demonstrate this (and to reduce costs), a large amount of the food served by the group is surplus food
from grocery stores, bakeries and markets that would otherwise go to waste. This group exhibits a form of franchise activism
.
Food Not Bombs is an all-volunteer global movement that shares free vegan meals as a protest to war
and poverty
. Each chapter collects surplus food that would otherwise go to waste from grocery stores, bakeries and markets, as well as donations from local farmers and sometimes incorporating dumpster diving
, then prepares community meals which are served for free to anyone who is hungry. The central beliefs of the group are:
Food Not Bombs works to call attention to poverty and homelessness
in society by sharing food in public places and facilitating gatherings of poor and homeless people.
Anyone who wants to cook may cook, and anyone who wants to eat may eat. Food Not Bombs strives to include everyone.
, Massachusetts by anti-nuclear activists. The members' activities included providing food and marching and protesting. Their protests were against issues such as nuclear power, United States' involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War, and discrimination against the homeless.
in San Francisco at the same time the world was celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations
(at a historic conference in San Francisco).
Chapters of Food Not Bombs were involved in the rise of the Anti-Globalization Movement
in the late 1990s, leading to the APEC
resistance in Vancouver
in 1997; the June 18, 1999, International Carnival Against Capitalism; and the so called “Battle of Seattle”
later that year, which shut down the World Trade Organization
meetings. Food Not Bombs helped start the Low Watt FM Free Radio, the October 22nd No Police Brutality Day, and Homes Not Jails
during the San Francisco days.
. During a presentation to the University of Texas at Austin
in 2006, an FBI
counter-terrorism
official labeled Food Not Bombs and Indymedia
as having possible terrorist connections.
Orlando enacted an ordinance prohibiting serving food to more than a certain number of people without a permit. In the fall of 2007, Eric Montanez of Orlando, Florida's Food Not Bombs was charged with violating a city ordinance by feeding more people in a public park at one time than the law allows without a permit. On October 10, 2007, Montanez was acquitted by a jury. Food Not Bombs and a church for the homeless called First Vagabonds Church of God sued the city over the ordinance on the grounds that serving food is first amendment-protected political speech and religious activity. The groups won and the city ordinance was overturned; however Orlando appealed to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and won. On August 31, 2010, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals threw out the decision, barring Orlando from enforcing the ordinance until another hearing before a 10-judge panel takes place.
In May 2008, local business owners attempted to stop the Kitchener, Ontario
, Food Not Bombs from serving in a highly visible downtown location, describing the group as supporting meat-free diets, anti-capitalism, and an end to Canada's military intervention in Afghanistan.
In April 2009, the city of Middletown, Connecticut, issued a cease-and-desist order to the local chapter of Food Not Bombs. Prior to the order, the City Health Inspector had cited the organization for distributing food without a license. As of August 2009, the chapter had begun operating out of a licensed kitchen provided by a the Middletown First Church of Christ Congregational as state hearings into the matter were held.
As of October 2011, there were more than 400 chapters of Food Not Bombs listed on the organization's website, with about half the chapters located outside the United States. Food Not Bombs has a loose structure: every chapter of Food Not Bombs embraces a few basic principles, and carries out the same sort of action, but every chapter is free to make its own decisions, based on the needs of its community. Likewise, every chapter of Food Not Bombs operates on consensus
. Besides collecting and distributing food for free, many chapters of Food Not Bombs are involved in community anti-poverty
, anti-war
and pro-immigrant organizing, as well as other political causes related to social justice.
On May 18th the 30 day stay ended and the ordinance would soon be enforced on June 1st resulting in the arrest of Food Not Bombs co-founder Keith McHenry and Orlando FNB volunteer Ben Markeson. Each successive sharing saw arrests, with 4 arrests on June 6th, 5 on June 8th, 3 on June 13th, & 6 on June 21st. That same week the lawyer for Orlando FNB issued a cease and desist to the city, saying that violating the ordinance was not an arrestable offense, and hackers claiming to be affiliated with Anonymous
began issuing threats to the city of Orlando. Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer has also received heavy criticism for referring to Food Not Bombs activists as "food terrorists."
On Monday, June 20th, no arrests were made at Food Not Bombs' breakfast in Lake Eola Park
, however Ben Markeson was cited for holding a sign without a permit, with much confusion among city officials about procedure and the violations of civil rights. The city later issued a statement reversing their interpretation of the sign regulations in question. On the same day hackers carried through with their threats and took down the Orlando Chamber of Commerce site and a Universal Studios website in "Operation Orlando," issuing a video statement later declaring a 48 hour cease fire on the condition that the city arrest no one for feeding the homeless, presumably on June 22nd.
On June 22nd more arrests took place including a 2nd arrest for Keith McHenry, resulting in a 17 day stay in jail. "Operation Orlando" soon went into full attack resulting in many sites going down in the next several days. Orlando and Mayor Dyer were soon inundated with national and international attention and outcry. On July 1st, OFNB took the Mayor up on his offer to move sharings to City Hall, which stopped arrests and resulted in a new, stable arrangement for OFNB.
Homeless hacktivist Christopher Doyon AKA Commander X was eventually arrested for "Operation Orlando" and other cyber-crimes. Soon after his arraignment he held a press statement where he admitted to everything he was being charged with but argues that these DDOS attacks constituted acts of cyber-civil disobedience.
Fort Lauderdale has been pondering a feeding ban for some time. Although no ban has become law yet, activists have complained about unjust surveillance and arrest and claimed to be victims of an unwarranted police raid due to their home having their electricity cut off, where they were harassed by police asking if they were "terrorists." Activists have also been arrested while playing a game of capture the flag on May 1st, 2011.
Pinellas County is not only trying to ban feeding but is also banning sleeping in public. This means that homeless in the St Pete area must either move into the "Safe Harbor" homeless facility or get out of the town.
An ordinance in Sarasota currently requires gatherings of 75 or more people to obtain a special event permit. Citizens are currently petitioning to lower that number to 12, as well as require feeders to obtain the same permit necessary for people who sell goods in public places (a $150 fee). There have been numerous other ordinances in recent months targeting the homeless, including the banning of smoking and removing park benches,. Since 2009, homeless shelters in Gainesville can feed only 130 people at a time, leading to the formation of the Coalition To End The Meal Limit. On November 1st, 2011, due to pressure from the local Democratic Party, the meal limit and other rules regarding sharings of food effecting St. Francis House were significantly changed, resulting in a decisive victory for the Coalition to End The Meal Limit.
On August 19th, 2011, Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer held a press conference to announce that charges against food sharers arrested in Lake Eola Park, Orlando, were dropped, resulting in a new state of compromise between Buddy Dyer's administration and Orlando Food Not Bombs.
In a case of history repeating itself, a Food Not Bombs kitchen was removed in a late night police confrontation with Occupy San Francisco in mid-October
Co-founder C.T. Lawrence was recently inspired to come back to the Boston activism scene to join Occupy Boston.
Co-founder Keith McHenry, who spent much of the year encouraging the advent of American occupation camps during his touring, has been an enthusiastic participant in many camps even as he has released a new Food Not Bombs handbook.
Plans are also in the works for another International Food Not Bombs Gathering to take place August 20th-26th, 2012, in Tampa, Florida - the week before the Republican National Convention.
Corporation
A corporation is created under the laws of a state as a separate legal entity that has privileges and liabilities that are distinct from those of its members. There are many different forms of corporations, most of which are used to conduct business. Early corporations were established by charter...
and government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
priorities are skewed to allow hunger
Hunger
Hunger is the most commonly used term to describe the social condition of people who frequently experience the physical sensation of desiring food.-Malnutrition, famine, starvation:...
to persist in the midst of abundance. To demonstrate this (and to reduce costs), a large amount of the food served by the group is surplus food
Food Salvage
Food salvage is a term for food gleaning programs that collect surplus food from restaurants and dining facilities and distribute it to local emergency food programs on a regular basis....
from grocery stores, bakeries and markets that would otherwise go to waste. This group exhibits a form of franchise activism
Franchise activism
Franchise activism refers to forms of activism carried out by autonomous individuals or groups in different localities under the same name. This name usually describes an idea put into action rather than the mandate of a single organization...
.
Principles
War
War is a state of organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political...
and poverty
Poverty
Poverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live...
. Each chapter collects surplus food that would otherwise go to waste from grocery stores, bakeries and markets, as well as donations from local farmers and sometimes incorporating dumpster diving
Dumpster diving
Dumpster diving is the practice of sifting through commercial or residential trash to find items that have been discarded by their owners, but that may be useful to the dumpster diver.-Etymology and alternate names:...
, then prepares community meals which are served for free to anyone who is hungry. The central beliefs of the group are:
- Always vegan or vegetarian and free to everyone.
- Each chapter is independent and autonomous and makes decisions using the consensus process.
- Food not bombs is dedicated to nonviolence.
Food Not Bombs works to call attention to poverty and homelessness
Homelessness
Homelessness describes the condition of people without a regular dwelling. People who are homeless are unable or unwilling to acquire and maintain regular, safe, and adequate housing, or lack "fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence." The legal definition of "homeless" varies from country...
in society by sharing food in public places and facilitating gatherings of poor and homeless people.
Anyone who wants to cook may cook, and anyone who wants to eat may eat. Food Not Bombs strives to include everyone.
1980s
Food Not Bombs was founded in 1980 in CambridgeCambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...
, Massachusetts by anti-nuclear activists. The members' activities included providing food and marching and protesting. Their protests were against issues such as nuclear power, United States' involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War, and discrimination against the homeless.
1990s: Police opposition and further development
Food Not Bombs grew throughout the 1990s, and held four international gatherings: in San Francisco in 1992 and 1995, in Atlanta in 1996, and in Philadelphia in 2005. The 1995 International Food Not Bombs Gathering took place in and around United Nations PlazaCivic Center, San Francisco, California
The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, is an area of a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions. It has two large plazas and a number of buildings in classical architectural style...
in San Francisco at the same time the world was celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
(at a historic conference in San Francisco).
Chapters of Food Not Bombs were involved in the rise of the Anti-Globalization Movement
Anti-globalization
Criticism of globalization is skepticism of the claimed benefits of the globalization of capitalism. Many of these views are held by the anti-globalization movement however other groups also are critical of the policies of globalization....
in the late 1990s, leading to the APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region...
resistance in Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...
in 1997; the June 18, 1999, International Carnival Against Capitalism; and the so called “Battle of Seattle”
WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity
Protest activity surrounding the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999, which was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations, occurred on November 30, 1999 , when the World Trade Organization convened at the Washington State Convention and Trade Center in Seattle, Washington,...
later that year, which shut down the World Trade Organization
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
meetings. Food Not Bombs helped start the Low Watt FM Free Radio, the October 22nd No Police Brutality Day, and Homes Not Jails
Homes Not Jails
Homes Not Jails is an American organization that emerged from two of San Francisco's prominent activist organizations Food Not Bombs and the San Francisco Tenants Union and describes itself as an all-volunteer organization committed to housing homeless people through direct action. The group was...
during the San Francisco days.
2000s: Anti-war activism
Food Not Bombs supported the actions against the Iraq War by providing meals at protests all over the world. Food Not Bombs groups have also been heavily involved in the anti-war movement which arose in 2002–2003 to oppose the 2003 invasion of Iraq2003 invasion of Iraq
The 2003 invasion of Iraq , was the start of the conflict known as the Iraq War, or Operation Iraqi Freedom, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein in 21 days of major combat operations...
. During a presentation to the University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...
in 2006, an FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency . The FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crime...
counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed.The tactic of terrorism is available to insurgents and governments...
official labeled Food Not Bombs and Indymedia
Independent Media Center
The Independent Media Center is a global participatory network of journalists that report on political and social issues. It originated during the Seattle anti-WTO protests worldwide in 1999 and remains closely associated with the global justice movement, which criticizes neo-liberalism and its...
as having possible terrorist connections.
Orlando enacted an ordinance prohibiting serving food to more than a certain number of people without a permit. In the fall of 2007, Eric Montanez of Orlando, Florida's Food Not Bombs was charged with violating a city ordinance by feeding more people in a public park at one time than the law allows without a permit. On October 10, 2007, Montanez was acquitted by a jury. Food Not Bombs and a church for the homeless called First Vagabonds Church of God sued the city over the ordinance on the grounds that serving food is first amendment-protected political speech and religious activity. The groups won and the city ordinance was overturned; however Orlando appealed to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and won. On August 31, 2010, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals threw out the decision, barring Orlando from enforcing the ordinance until another hearing before a 10-judge panel takes place.
In May 2008, local business owners attempted to stop the Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener, Ontario
The City of Kitchener is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It was the Town of Berlin from 1854 until 1912 and the City of Berlin from 1912 until 1916. The city had a population of 204,668 in the Canada 2006 Census...
, Food Not Bombs from serving in a highly visible downtown location, describing the group as supporting meat-free diets, anti-capitalism, and an end to Canada's military intervention in Afghanistan.
In April 2009, the city of Middletown, Connecticut, issued a cease-and-desist order to the local chapter of Food Not Bombs. Prior to the order, the City Health Inspector had cited the organization for distributing food without a license. As of August 2009, the chapter had begun operating out of a licensed kitchen provided by a the Middletown First Church of Christ Congregational as state hearings into the matter were held.
Current status
Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-making is a group decision making process that seeks the consent, not necessarily the agreement, of participants and the resolution of objections. Consensus is defined by Merriam-Webster as, first, general agreement, and second, group solidarity of belief or sentiment. It has its...
. Besides collecting and distributing food for free, many chapters of Food Not Bombs are involved in community anti-poverty
Poverty reduction
Poverty is the state of human beings who are poor. That is, they have little or no material means of surviving—little or no food, shelter, clothes, healthcare, education, and other physical means of living and improving one's life....
, anti-war
Anti-war
An anti-war movement is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many...
and pro-immigrant organizing, as well as other political causes related to social justice.
2011 Florida feeding bans
On April 20, 2011, a federal appeals court overturned the initial ruling of First Vagabonds Church of God, An Unincorporated Association, Brian Nichols v. City of Orlando, Florida, removing the permanent injunction against a feeding ban in Orlando that was first attempted in 2007 with the arrest of Eric Montanez.On May 18th the 30 day stay ended and the ordinance would soon be enforced on June 1st resulting in the arrest of Food Not Bombs co-founder Keith McHenry and Orlando FNB volunteer Ben Markeson. Each successive sharing saw arrests, with 4 arrests on June 6th, 5 on June 8th, 3 on June 13th, & 6 on June 21st. That same week the lawyer for Orlando FNB issued a cease and desist to the city, saying that violating the ordinance was not an arrestable offense, and hackers claiming to be affiliated with Anonymous
Anonymous (group)
Anonymous is an international hacking group, spread through the Internet, initiating active civil disobedience, while attempting to maintain anonymity. Originating in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan, the term refers to the concept of many online community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic,...
began issuing threats to the city of Orlando. Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer has also received heavy criticism for referring to Food Not Bombs activists as "food terrorists."
On Monday, June 20th, no arrests were made at Food Not Bombs' breakfast in Lake Eola Park
Lake Eola Park
Lake Eola Park is located at in Downtown Orlando, Florida. Lake Eola is the main feature of the park. Also located in the park is the Walt Disney Amphitheater, which hosts many community events and various performances year round. On the east side of the park is a Chinese pagoda, a Confederate...
, however Ben Markeson was cited for holding a sign without a permit, with much confusion among city officials about procedure and the violations of civil rights. The city later issued a statement reversing their interpretation of the sign regulations in question. On the same day hackers carried through with their threats and took down the Orlando Chamber of Commerce site and a Universal Studios website in "Operation Orlando," issuing a video statement later declaring a 48 hour cease fire on the condition that the city arrest no one for feeding the homeless, presumably on June 22nd.
On June 22nd more arrests took place including a 2nd arrest for Keith McHenry, resulting in a 17 day stay in jail. "Operation Orlando" soon went into full attack resulting in many sites going down in the next several days. Orlando and Mayor Dyer were soon inundated with national and international attention and outcry. On July 1st, OFNB took the Mayor up on his offer to move sharings to City Hall, which stopped arrests and resulted in a new, stable arrangement for OFNB.
Homeless hacktivist Christopher Doyon AKA Commander X was eventually arrested for "Operation Orlando" and other cyber-crimes. Soon after his arraignment he held a press statement where he admitted to everything he was being charged with but argues that these DDOS attacks constituted acts of cyber-civil disobedience.
Fort Lauderdale has been pondering a feeding ban for some time. Although no ban has become law yet, activists have complained about unjust surveillance and arrest and claimed to be victims of an unwarranted police raid due to their home having their electricity cut off, where they were harassed by police asking if they were "terrorists." Activists have also been arrested while playing a game of capture the flag on May 1st, 2011.
Pinellas County is not only trying to ban feeding but is also banning sleeping in public. This means that homeless in the St Pete area must either move into the "Safe Harbor" homeless facility or get out of the town.
An ordinance in Sarasota currently requires gatherings of 75 or more people to obtain a special event permit. Citizens are currently petitioning to lower that number to 12, as well as require feeders to obtain the same permit necessary for people who sell goods in public places (a $150 fee). There have been numerous other ordinances in recent months targeting the homeless, including the banning of smoking and removing park benches,. Since 2009, homeless shelters in Gainesville can feed only 130 people at a time, leading to the formation of the Coalition To End The Meal Limit. On November 1st, 2011, due to pressure from the local Democratic Party, the meal limit and other rules regarding sharings of food effecting St. Francis House were significantly changed, resulting in a decisive victory for the Coalition to End The Meal Limit.
On August 19th, 2011, Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer held a press conference to announce that charges against food sharers arrested in Lake Eola Park, Orlando, were dropped, resulting in a new state of compromise between Buddy Dyer's administration and Orlando Food Not Bombs.
FNB's Ongoing Involvement in The Occupy Wall Street Movement
Food Not Bombs groups have been heavily involved in supporting occupation camps across the US. The use of consensus, supporting urban homeless communities, and of course mass feedings through donations are all specialties of Food Not Bombs that has now seen an unheralded demand.In a case of history repeating itself, a Food Not Bombs kitchen was removed in a late night police confrontation with Occupy San Francisco in mid-October
Co-founder C.T. Lawrence was recently inspired to come back to the Boston activism scene to join Occupy Boston.
Co-founder Keith McHenry, who spent much of the year encouraging the advent of American occupation camps during his touring, has been an enthusiastic participant in many camps even as he has released a new Food Not Bombs handbook.
Plans are also in the works for another International Food Not Bombs Gathering to take place August 20th-26th, 2012, in Tampa, Florida - the week before the Republican National Convention.
See also
- DIY ethicDIY ethicThe DIY ethic refers to the ethic of self-sufficiency through completing tasks oneself as opposed to having others who are more experienced or able complete them for one's behalf. It promotes the idea that an ordinary person can learn to do more than he or she thought was possible...
- AnarchismAnarchismAnarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority in the conduct of human relations...
- FreeganismFreeganismFreeganism is the practice of reclaiming and eating food that has been discarded. One third of the world's food is wasted —in shops, restaurants, farms, factories and homes—and freegans aim to expose and protest against this, arguing that it contributes to environmental degradation, resource...
- VegetarianismVegetarianismVegetarianism encompasses the practice of following plant-based diets , with or without the inclusion of dairy products or eggs, and with the exclusion of meat...
- VeganismVeganismVeganism is the practice of eliminating the use of animal products. Ethical vegans reject the commodity status of animals and the use of animal products for any purpose, while dietary vegans or strict vegetarians eliminate them from their diet only...
- Really Really Free MarketReally Really Free MarketThe Really, Really Free Market movement is a non-hierarchical collective of individuals who form a temporary market based on an alternative gift economy. The RRFM movement aims to counteract capitalism in a non-reactionary way. It holds as a major goal to build a community based on sharing...
- One World CafeOne World CafeOne World Everybody Eats is a nonprofit community kitchen and foundation based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Its motto is "a hand up, not a hand out." The community kitchen concept is a restaurant based on a gift economy, allowing patrons to "pay what they can" and serving all members of the...
- Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation ActEmerson Good Samaritan Food Donation ActThe Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act was created to encourage food donation to nonprofits by minimizing liability, in accordance with the Model Good Samaritan Food Donation Act. Signed into law by President Bill Clinton, this law, named after Rep...
- SAME CafeSAME CafeThe SAME Cafe is a nonprofit community cafe located at 2023 East Colfax Avenue, Denver, Colorado. Brad and Libby Birky invested $30,000 to open the restaurant on October 20, 2006, inspired by their background in community service and a visit to the One World Cafe in Salt Lake City, Utah...
Further reading
- “Food Fight,” New Times Broward-Palm Beach
- “Free Lunch,” Houston Press
- "Diving for Dinner," Washington Post
External links
- Food Not Bombs
- Account of Food Not Bombs in Be’er Sheva, Israel
- A Critical History of Harrisonburg Food Not Bombs by Peter GelderloosPeter GelderloosPeter Gelderloos is an American anarchist author known for his 2005 book, How Nonviolence Protects the State.Gelderloos was arrested in 2001 while attending a protest at the Georgia-based Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation , a controversial school that trains Central and South...