Forced landing
Encyclopedia
A forced landing is a landing by an aircraft
made under factors outside the pilot's control, such as the failure of engines, systems, components or weather which makes continued flight impossible. For a full description of these, see article on Emergency landing
. However the term also means a landing that has been forced by interception.
A plane may be compelled to land through the use, or threat of use, of force
, if it strays off course into hostile foreign territory. The customary procedure is for the military plane to approach the airliner from below and to the left, where his plane is easily visible from the left seat
where captain sits. The forcing plane waggles his wings to signal the demand for a forced landing.
International law
regulates the treatment of intruding aircraft:
Aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although...
made under factors outside the pilot's control, such as the failure of engines, systems, components or weather which makes continued flight impossible. For a full description of these, see article on Emergency landing
Emergency landing
An emergency landing is a landing made by an aircraft in response to a crisis which either interferes with the operation of the aircraft or involves sudden medical emergencies necessitating diversion to the nearest airport.-Types of emergency landings:...
. However the term also means a landing that has been forced by interception.
A plane may be compelled to land through the use, or threat of use, of force
Use of force
The term use of force describes a right of an individual or authority to settle conflicts or prevent certain actions by applying measures to either: a) dissuade another party from a particular course of action, or b) physically intervene to stop them...
, if it strays off course into hostile foreign territory. The customary procedure is for the military plane to approach the airliner from below and to the left, where his plane is easily visible from the left seat
Left seat
The left seat in the cockpit of an aircraft is the seat normally used by the captain or pilot in command. The co-pilot then sits in the right seat. This is not a formal rule or law, however, only a tradition...
where captain sits. The forcing plane waggles his wings to signal the demand for a forced landing.
International law
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...
regulates the treatment of intruding aircraft:
- ... aircraft that fail to identify themselves, enter the airspace without a necessary permission, deny to follow a prescribed route, head towards a prohibited zone, or violate of a prohibition of flight may, by strict observance of the relevant standards and procedures, as a last resort, be intercepted, identified, escorted to the adequate route or out of the prohibited airspace, or forced to land by military aircraft of the territorial state.
External links
- The Shooting down of Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the USSR and the Future of Air Safety for Passengers Farooq Hassan - The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Jul., 1984), pp. 712-725