Ford Pinto engine
Encyclopedia
The Ford Pinto engine was the unofficial but generic nickname for a 4-cylinder
internal combustion engine
built by Ford Europe
. In Ford sales literature it was referred to as the EAO or OHC engine and because it was designed to the metric system, it was sometimes called the "Metric engine". The internal Ford codename for the unit was the T88-series engine. European Ford service literature refer to it as the Taunus In-Line engine (hence the TL codenames) and the Lima In-Line (LL)
It was used in many European Ford cars
and was exported to the United States
to be used in the Ford Pinto
, a successful Subcompact car
of the 1970s, hence the name which is used most often for the unit. In Britain, it is commonly used in many kit car
s and hot rods, especially in the 2 litre size.
in the Mk3 Ford Cortina
and Taunus V4
for the German Fords range (mainly the new Taunus
TC). It was the first Ford engine to feature a belt-driven overhead camshaft (thus the name).
Applications:
The Pinto engine was available in five displacements
: 1294 cc, earlier 1593 cc, later 1598 cc, 1796 cc and the 1993 cc. Due to emission requirements it was phased out towards the end of the 1980s to be replaced by the CVH engine
and DOHC engine
, the latter being (contrary to popular belief) a completely new design and not a twin-cam development of the Pinto unit. The 16-valve version of the Ford DOHC unit is still used on the Ford Transit
. The only DOHC direct derivative of Pinto engine is Cosworth YB 16-valve engine, powering Ford Sierra
and Ford Escort RS Cosworth variants.
It was produced in two compression ratio
versions:
The fuel was supplied by the Motorcraft
1V single barrel carburettor in the early models (until April 1979), and Motorcraft
VV ("variable venturi") carburetor for the vehicles built after April 1979.
Applications:
The TL16L had a compression ratio of 8.2:1 and developed 48 kW of power and 111–113 N·m (81.9–83.3 ftlbf) of torque depending on the carburettor and application. As the 1.3 L model it used the Motorcraft
1V and, later, the Motorcraft
VV carburetors. The engine code of the low compression variant started with 'LA'.
Applications:
1V and Motorcraft
VV).
Applications:
With such an improvement package the engine produced 66 kW of power and 125 N·m (92.2 ft·lbf) of torque.
Applications:
This engine is sometimes referred to as 1.6 E-Max engine.
Applications:
Applications:
It was manufactured in several variants:
One was used on the 1970–1982 Ford Taunus
export version to Sweden — fitted with the Weber
DGAV 32/32 carburetor and compression ratio lowered to 8.2:1 in order to meet the rigorous emission specifications it delivered 64 kW of power and 140 N·m (103.3 ft·lbf) of torque.
The second one was used on 1978–1991 Ford Transit
s and P100 models. With modified induction and Motorcraft
1V carburetor it produced 57 kW of power and 147 N·m (108.4 ft·lbf) of torque available at only 2800 rpm. The compression ratio in this case was also 8.2:1. The Transits also used the third variant called the "Economy" engine. The power figure of this one was even lower — it developed only 43 kW.
Applications:
This engine different carburetor models across the years:
The engine produced 74 kW of power and 156 N·m (115.1 ft·lbf) of torque, though there were a couple of models with a higher output (for example a 81 kW version used in 1976 Ford Escort RS2000).
Applications:
Applications:
exclusively. The power output was 57 kW (75 PS).
Applications:
developing a performance engine for use in Ford Sierra RS Cosworth
.
The company decided to base it on the Pinto 2.0, and although the new engine — the Cosworth YB - had not much in common with the design that it originated from, the Pinto can be still recognized as its predecessor.
used the OHC version, a 2.3 L (2302 cc) unit introduced in 1974 which has a 96.0 mm (3.78 in) bore and 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. This version lasted until 1997 in various guises. The earliest units produced 66 kW (88 hp) and 160 N·m (118 ft·lbf). This engine has also been known as the Lima engine, after the Lima Engine
plant in Lima, Ohio
, where it was first manufactured (it was also later manufactured in Brazil
).
In 1979-80, a draw-through, non-intercooled turbo version was produced for Mustang Cobras and some Capris. Lack of dealership and owner training resulted in many stuck turbochargers and other maintenance problems. They were limited to 5 PSI of boost though Ford Motorsport sold a wastegate with an adjustable rod which allowed an increase of up to 9 PSI. It was used in this carbureted form in a number of passenger cars, from the Fairmont Futura Turbo to the 1979 Indy Pace Car edition Mustang.
In the 1980s, a turbocharged and intercooled version was used in the Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe. This was made practical by the introduction of Ford's EECIV port fuel injection system; 1983's 2.3 Liter Turbo was the first production implementation of that advance in technology, which paved the way for across the board use in many Ford passenger car; however, the turbo version never made it into any Ford trucks. Output for this turbo/intercooled version was 142 kW (190 hp) and 325 N·m (240 ft·lbf) for the 1987-88 models with the (T-5) 5-speed manual transmission.
The turbocharged and intercooled 2.3 was also used in the 1984-86 Mustang SVO, while the 1983–1984 Mustang TurboGT, 1985-89 Merkur XR4Ti
, 1983–1986 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe and 1984–1986 Mercury Cougar XR7 all skipped the intercooler on their turbo versions, which dropped output to 155 hp and 205 ft·lbf (277.9 N·m) of torque. The SVO Mustang's output increased in 1985½ to 205 HP.
A dual-spark version (with two spark plugs per cylinder and distributor-less ignition) was introduced in the 1989 Ford Ranger
and 1991 Ford Mustang
. This version produced 78 kW (105 hp) and 183 N·m (135 ft·lbf).
Applications:
engine appeared in 1998. It also used higher-flow cylinder heads for better intake and combustion. Output was 89 kW (119 hp) and 202 N·m (149 ft·lbf). It was replaced in 2001 by the Mazda-derived Duratec 23, but Ford Power Products continues to sell this engine as the LRG-425.
Applications:
Engineering introduced the 16-valve DOHC unit based on Ford earlier Kent X-flow engine. Although only 1.6 and 1.8 versions of the so-called Cosworth BDA (Belt Driven A-type) were put into volume production, the rally Escorts were homologated within the 2000 cc class. This allowed further boring and stroking to gain several more HP for the 2-litre works cars.
Applications:
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
internal combustion engine
Internal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high -pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine...
built by Ford Europe
Ford Europe
-History:Ford of Europe was founded in 1967 on the merger of the British and German divisions of the Ford Motor Company. The original Ford Transit range of panel vans launched in 1965, was the first formal co-operation between the two entities, simultaneously developed to replace the German Ford...
. In Ford sales literature it was referred to as the EAO or OHC engine and because it was designed to the metric system, it was sometimes called the "Metric engine". The internal Ford codename for the unit was the T88-series engine. European Ford service literature refer to it as the Taunus In-Line engine (hence the TL codenames) and the Lima In-Line (LL)
It was used in many European Ford cars
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
and was exported to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to be used in the Ford Pinto
Ford Pinto
The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car produced by the Ford Motor Company for the model years 1971–1980. The car's name derives from the Pinto horse. Initially offered as a two-door sedan, Ford offered "Runabout" hatchback and wagon models the following year, competing in the U.S. market with the AMC...
, a successful Subcompact car
Subcompact car
Subcompact car is a North American term used to describe automobiles whose class size is smaller than that of a compact car, usually not exceeding in length, but larger than a microcar...
of the 1970s, hence the name which is used most often for the unit. In Britain, it is commonly used in many kit car
Kit car
A kit car, also known as a "component car", is an automobile that is available as a set of parts that a manufacturer sells and the buyer then either assembles into a car themselves, or retains a third party to do part or all of the work on their behalf...
s and hot rods, especially in the 2 litre size.
Pinto OHC (TL)
In Europe, the Pinto OHC was introduced in 1970 to replace the Essex V4Ford Essex V4 engine
The Essex V4 was a V4 engine from Ford Motor Company made at the plant in Essex. The engine was available in two capacities, 1663 cc and 1996 cc, differing only in stroke. This engine was used on the Ford Corsair, Capri Mk I, Consul/Granada Mk I, Ford Zephyr 4 Mk IV and certain early models of the...
in the Mk3 Ford Cortina
Ford Cortina
As the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
and Taunus V4
Ford Taunus V4 engine
The Taunus V4 was a V4 piston engine with one balance shaft, introduced by Ford Motor Company in Germany in 1962. The German V4 was built in the Cologne plant and powered the Ford Taunus and German versions of the Granada, Capri and Transit...
for the German Fords range (mainly the new Taunus
Ford Taunus
The Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
TC). It was the first Ford engine to feature a belt-driven overhead camshaft (thus the name).
Applications:
- Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
- Ford Escort Mk1 RS2000
- Ford Escort Mk2 RS2000, Mexico
- Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
- Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
- Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
- Ford GranadaFord Granada (Europe)The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul, but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet and...
- Ford ScorpioFord ScorpioThe Ford Scorpio is an automobile that was produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1985 through to 1998.It was the replacement for the European Ford Granada line...
- Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
vanVanA van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people.In British English usage, it can be either specially designed or based on a saloon or sedan car, the latter type often including derivatives with open backs... - TVR Tasmin 200
The Pinto engine was available in five displacements
Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
: 1294 cc, earlier 1593 cc, later 1598 cc, 1796 cc and the 1993 cc. Due to emission requirements it was phased out towards the end of the 1980s to be replaced by the CVH engine
Ford CVH engine
The letters CVH denote a particular type of 4-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company during the 1980s and 1990s....
and DOHC engine
Ford I4 DOHC engine
The Ford I4 DOHC engine was a 4-cylinder inline internal combustion engine with twin overhead camshafts, produced by the Ford Motor Company. First with 2.0-litre 8-valve version, in later models with 2.0/2.3-litre 16-valve version from 1989 to the end of production of the MK2 Ford Galaxy in 2006...
, the latter being (contrary to popular belief) a completely new design and not a twin-cam development of the Pinto unit. The 16-valve version of the Ford DOHC unit is still used on the Ford Transit
Ford Transit
The Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
. The only DOHC direct derivative of Pinto engine is Cosworth YB 16-valve engine, powering Ford Sierra
Ford Sierra
The Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
and Ford Escort RS Cosworth variants.
1.3 (TL13)
The smallest member of the family was the 1294 cc which had a 3.11 in (79 mm) bore and 2.6 in (66 mm) stroke.It was produced in two compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
versions:
- TL13L – the low compression (LC) variant, which developed 40 kW / 90–92 N·m (66.4–67.9 ftlbf) depending on carburetor model. Had a compression ratio of 8.0:1 and the engine codes started with 'JA'
- TL13H — the high compression (HC) variant, which developed 43 kW / 97–98 N·m (71.5–72.3 ftlbf) depending on carburetor model. Had a compression ratio of 9.0:1 and the engine codes started with 'JC'
The fuel was supplied by the Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
1V single barrel carburettor in the early models (until April 1979), and Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
VV ("variable venturi") carburetor for the vehicles built after April 1979.
Applications:
- 1970–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
(engine codes JAA/JCA, JAC/JCC, JAR/JCR) - 1972–1974 Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
(engine code JCE) - 1982–1984 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine code JCT)
Early low compression variant (TL16L)
Initially the 1593 cc had a bore of 3.45 in (87.6 mm) and shared the crankshaft with the 1.3 L model with a stroke of 2.6 in (66 mm) giving the displacement of 1593 cc.The TL16L had a compression ratio of 8.2:1 and developed 48 kW of power and 111–113 N·m (81.9–83.3 ftlbf) of torque depending on the carburettor and application. As the 1.3 L model it used the Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
1V and, later, the Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
VV carburetors. The engine code of the low compression variant started with 'LA'.
Applications:
- 1970–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
/ Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
(engine codes LAA, LAD, LAR) - 1979–1986 Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
(engine code LAT) - 1975–1985 Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
(engine codes LAC, LAN)
Early high compression variant (TL16H)
The HC version of the early 1.6 L had the same bore and stroke as the LC version but the compression ratio was higher (9.2:1) allowing it to produce 53 kW of power and 118 N·m (87 ft·lbf) of torque. It used the same carburetor models as the low compression version (MotorcraftMotorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
1V and Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
VV).
Applications:
- 1970–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
/ Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
(engine codes LCA, LCJ, LCR) - 1982–1984 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine codes LCT, LCS) - 1975–1985 Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
(engine codes LCE, LCN) - 1981–1985 Ford GranadaFord Granada (Europe)The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul, but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet and...
(engine code LCK) - 1983–1984 Anadol A8-16 SL
Increased performance (GT) variant (TL16G)
From the beginning of the production run, the 1.6 L had a special, 'sporty' version which featured:- modified cylinder head (larger inlet valves and 2.0 L camshaft with higher valve lifts)
- WeberWeber carburetorWeber is an Italian company producing carburetors, currently owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., in turn part of the Fiat Group.The company was established as...
DGAV 32/36 carburetor - tubular exhaust manifold
With such an improvement package the engine produced 66 kW of power and 125 N·m (92.2 ft·lbf) of torque.
Applications:
- 1970–1973 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
GT (engine code LEA) - 1970–1976 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
GXL (engine code LEA) - 1970–1976 Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
GXL (engine code LEA) - 1976–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
/ Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
S / GLS / Ghia S (engine codes LEC, LEE) - 1975–1978 Ford Escort Mexico
- 1972–1976 Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
GT (engine codes LEC, LEE)
Late variant (TL16E)
At the beginning of 1984 Ford Pinto engine displacement range switched from 1.3/1.6/2.0 to 1.6/1.8/2.0. The newly introduced 1.8 L engine used the 2.0 L crankshaft, so in order to uniform engine parts for the whole range after dropping the 1.3 L — the 1.6 L was redesigned to also take the 2.0 L crankshaft which had a 3 in (76.2 mm) stroke. This of course led to bringing the bore down to 3.19 in (81 mm) in order to keep the displacement within range — it was now 1598 cc. The TL16E became now the only available 1.6 L engine of the Pinto range. Although the compression ratio was raised to 9.5:1, the power figures didn't differ much from the earlier TL16H version — the engine developed 56 kW of power and 123 N·m (90.7 ft·lbf) of torque.This engine is sometimes referred to as 1.6 E-Max engine.
Applications:
- 1984–1989 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine codes LSE, LSD)
1.8 (TL18H)
The 1796 cc Pinto engine was introduced in 1984 as a replacement for the "old" 1.6 L. The engine had an 3.39 in (86.1 mm) bore and 3.03 in (77 mm) stroke giving the displacement of 1796 cc. Output was 66 kW of power and 140 N·m (103.3 ft·lbf). Fuel was supplied by the Pierburg 2E3 28/32 carburetor.Applications:
- 1984–1989 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine codes REB, RED, REF) - 1985–1992 Ford ScorpioFord ScorpioThe Ford Scorpio is an automobile that was produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1985 through to 1998.It was the replacement for the European Ford Granada line...
(engine code REC)
2.0 (TL20)
The 1993 cc was used in many Ford vehicles from the early 1970s. Due to its robustness and high tuning potential it's often used as an aftermarket engine upgrade or base for building race&rally engines — not exclusively in Ford cars. The engine has bore of 3.57 in (90.7 mm) and 3 in (76.2 mm) stroke giving the displacement of 1993 cc.It was manufactured in several variants:
Low compression variant (TL20L)
There were actually three completely different LC variants of the 2.0 L.One was used on the 1970–1982 Ford Taunus
Ford Taunus
The Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
export version to Sweden — fitted with the Weber
Weber carburetor
Weber is an Italian company producing carburetors, currently owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., in turn part of the Fiat Group.The company was established as...
DGAV 32/32 carburetor and compression ratio lowered to 8.2:1 in order to meet the rigorous emission specifications it delivered 64 kW of power and 140 N·m (103.3 ft·lbf) of torque.
The second one was used on 1978–1991 Ford Transit
Ford Transit
The Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
s and P100 models. With modified induction and Motorcraft
Motorcraft
Motorcraft is an auto parts brand of Ford Motor Company.-History:The Ford Motor Company launched this auto parts division in 1972 to provide replacement parts and original equipment parts. This brand replaced Autolite as Ford's official parts brand. Autolite is still a brand name in use today, but...
1V carburetor it produced 57 kW of power and 147 N·m (108.4 ft·lbf) of torque available at only 2800 rpm. The compression ratio in this case was also 8.2:1. The Transits also used the third variant called the "Economy" engine. The power figure of this one was even lower — it developed only 43 kW.
Applications:
- 1970–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
Sweden export version (engine code NA) - 1978–1994 Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
(engine codes NAT, NAV, NAW, NAX, NBA) - 1988–1993 Ford P100Ford P100The Ford P100 was a pickup truck built from 1971 to 1993; initially in South Africa, and later Portugal upon the design of a medium-sized Ford car, originally the Ford Cortina and from 1988 the Ford Sierra.-Description:...
(engine code NAE) - 1977–1986 Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
"Economy" version (engine code NUT)
Standard (high compression) variant (TL20H)
Although Ford marked its standard 2.0 L engine as a HC it actually uses engine codes meant for the 'increased performance variant' engines (coding starting with 'NE').This engine different carburetor models across the years:
- WeberWeber carburetorWeber is an Italian company producing carburetors, currently owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., in turn part of the Fiat Group.The company was established as...
DGAV 32/36 - on all cars up to 1987 - WeberWeber carburetorWeber is an Italian company producing carburetors, currently owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., in turn part of the Fiat Group.The company was established as...
DFTH 30/34 - from 1987 until the end of production run (1989) - WeberWeber carburetorWeber is an Italian company producing carburetors, currently owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., in turn part of the Fiat Group.The company was established as...
DFAV 32/36 - on engines exported to USA
The engine produced 74 kW of power and 156 N·m (115.1 ft·lbf) of torque, though there were a couple of models with a higher output (for example a 81 kW version used in 1976 Ford Escort RS2000).
Applications:
- 1973–1980 Ford Escort RS2000 (engine codes NEA, NE)
- 1974–1982 Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
/ Ford CortinaFord CortinaAs the 1960s dawned, BMC were revelling in the success of their new Mini – the first successful true minicar to be built in Britain in the postwar era...
(engine codes NEG, NER) - 1975–1985 Ford CapriFord CapriFord Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three different automobile models. The Ford Consul Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Britain between 1961 and 1964. The Ford Capri coupé was produced by Ford of Europe from 1969 to 1986...
(engine codes NEE, NEN) - 1973–1984 Ford GranadaFord Granada (Europe)The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul, but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet and...
(engine codes NEB, NEH, NEK) - 1983–1989 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine codes NES, NET, NEJ, NE5) - 1985–1989 Ford GranadaFord Granada (Europe)The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul, but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet and...
and Ford ScorpioFord ScorpioThe Ford Scorpio is an automobile that was produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1985 through to 1998.It was the replacement for the European Ford Granada line...
(engine code NEL, NER, NE4) - 1971–1974 Ford PintoFord PintoThe Ford Pinto is a subcompact car produced by the Ford Motor Company for the model years 1971–1980. The car's name derives from the Pinto horse. Initially offered as a two-door sedan, Ford offered "Runabout" hatchback and wagon models the following year, competing in the U.S. market with the AMC...
Injection variant (TL20EFI)
The injected 2.0 L used Bosch L-Jetronic injection system which allowed to rise the output to 85 kW of power and 118 N·m (87 ft·lbf) of torque.Applications:
- 1985–1992 Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
(engine codes NRB, N4A, N4B, N4I) - 1989–1992 Ford GranadaFord Granada (Europe)The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul, but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet and...
and Ford ScorpioFord ScorpioThe Ford Scorpio is an automobile that was produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1985 through to 1998.It was the replacement for the European Ford Granada line...
(engine code NRA, NRC, NRI) - 1991–1994 Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
(engine code NCA)
Single point injection variant (TL20CFI)
This variant was used in Ford TransitFord Transit
The Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
exclusively. The power output was 57 kW (75 PS).
Applications:
- 1985–1992 Ford TransitFord TransitThe Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses, and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.The Transit has been the best-selling light commercial vehicle in Europe for 40 years, and in some countries the term "Transit" has passed into common usage as a generic term...
(engine code N6T)
Cosworth YB (CH20EFI)
In the beginning of 1980's Ford ordered CosworthCosworth
Cosworth is a high performance engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in engines and electronics for automobile racing , mainstream automotive and defence industries...
developing a performance engine for use in Ford Sierra RS Cosworth
Ford Sierra RS Cosworth
The Ford Sierra RS Cosworth was a high-performance version of the Ford Sierra. It was the result of a Ford Motorsport project with the purpose of producing an outright winner for Group A racing in Europe.- Development :...
.
The company decided to base it on the Pinto 2.0, and although the new engine — the Cosworth YB - had not much in common with the design that it originated from, the Pinto can be still recognized as its predecessor.
2.3 (LL23)
The Ford PintoFord Pinto
The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car produced by the Ford Motor Company for the model years 1971–1980. The car's name derives from the Pinto horse. Initially offered as a two-door sedan, Ford offered "Runabout" hatchback and wagon models the following year, competing in the U.S. market with the AMC...
used the OHC version, a 2.3 L (2302 cc) unit introduced in 1974 which has a 96.0 mm (3.78 in) bore and 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. This version lasted until 1997 in various guises. The earliest units produced 66 kW (88 hp) and 160 N·m (118 ft·lbf). This engine has also been known as the Lima engine, after the Lima Engine
Lima Engine
Lima Engine is a Ford Motor Company automobile engine plant located in Lima, Ohio. The factory was opened in 1957 as the site of production of Ford's MEL V8 for the Edsel car...
plant in Lima, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Lima is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northwestern Ohio along Interstate 75 approximately north of Dayton and south-southwest of Toledo....
, where it was first manufactured (it was also later manufactured in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
).
In 1979-80, a draw-through, non-intercooled turbo version was produced for Mustang Cobras and some Capris. Lack of dealership and owner training resulted in many stuck turbochargers and other maintenance problems. They were limited to 5 PSI of boost though Ford Motorsport sold a wastegate with an adjustable rod which allowed an increase of up to 9 PSI. It was used in this carbureted form in a number of passenger cars, from the Fairmont Futura Turbo to the 1979 Indy Pace Car edition Mustang.
In the 1980s, a turbocharged and intercooled version was used in the Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe. This was made practical by the introduction of Ford's EECIV port fuel injection system; 1983's 2.3 Liter Turbo was the first production implementation of that advance in technology, which paved the way for across the board use in many Ford passenger car; however, the turbo version never made it into any Ford trucks. Output for this turbo/intercooled version was 142 kW (190 hp) and 325 N·m (240 ft·lbf) for the 1987-88 models with the (T-5) 5-speed manual transmission.
The turbocharged and intercooled 2.3 was also used in the 1984-86 Mustang SVO, while the 1983–1984 Mustang TurboGT, 1985-89 Merkur XR4Ti
Merkur XR4Ti
The Merkur XR4Ti was a short-lived United States and Canada-market version of the European Ford Sierra XR4i. It was the brainchild of then Ford Vice President Bob Lutz. It was sold in the US from 1985 to 1989. It was the first vehicle of Ford's Merkur range, followed in 1988 by the Merkur Scorpio...
, 1983–1986 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe and 1984–1986 Mercury Cougar XR7 all skipped the intercooler on their turbo versions, which dropped output to 155 hp and 205 ft·lbf (277.9 N·m) of torque. The SVO Mustang's output increased in 1985½ to 205 HP.
A dual-spark version (with two spark plugs per cylinder and distributor-less ignition) was introduced in the 1989 Ford Ranger
Ford Ranger
The Ford Ranger is a pickup truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. The "Ranger" name had previously been used for a premium styling package on the F-Series full-sized pickup trucks since 1965. The name was moved to this line of North American compact trucks for the 1983 model year.In North...
and 1991 Ford Mustang
Ford Mustang
The Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, as a "1964½" model, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A...
. This version produced 78 kW (105 hp) and 183 N·m (135 ft·lbf).
Applications:
- Naturally Aspirated
- Ford AerostarFord AerostarThe Ford Aerostar is a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company for the North American market; the first such design by Ford, it was sold from the 1986 to the 1997 model years. It was sold in both passenger van and cargo van configurations in two body lengths with both rear wheel drive and all wheel...
- Ford CourierFord Courier- North America :This was a commercial model based on Ford's full-size stationwagon line. Its model code was designated 78A.From 1952 to 1956 access to the rear storage area was through a unique door hinged on the side. For 1957 and 1958, the rear access door was a combination of the lift gate and...
- Ford PintoFord PintoThe Ford Pinto is a subcompact car produced by the Ford Motor Company for the model years 1971–1980. The car's name derives from the Pinto horse. Initially offered as a two-door sedan, Ford offered "Runabout" hatchback and wagon models the following year, competing in the U.S. market with the AMC...
- Ford RangerFord Ranger (North America)The Ford Ranger is a pickup truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. The "Ranger" name had previously been used for a premium styling package on the F-Series full-sized pickup trucks since 1965. The name was moved to this line of North American compact trucks for the 1983 model year.In North...
/Mazda B-Series (North America) - Ford MustangFord MustangThe Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, as a "1964½" model, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A...
- 1975–1979 Ford MaverickFord Maverick (North America)The Ford Maverick was a compact car manufactured from April 1969-1977 in the United States, Canada, Mexico and from 1973-1979 in Brazil — employing a rear wheel drive platform dating to the original 1960 Falcon...
Brazilian models - Ford Jeep CJ-5 Brazilian models
- Ford Rural, F-75 pick up Brazilian models
- Ford TaunusFord TaunusThe Ford Taunus is a family car sold by Ford in Germany and other countries. Models from 1970 onward were similar to the Ford Cortina in the United Kingdom...
Argentina models - Ford SierraFord SierraThe Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
Argentina models - Ford Falcon (Argentina)Ford Falcon (Argentina)The Argentine Ford Falcon is a car that was built by Ford Argentina from 1962 to 1991. Mechanically, it was based on Ford USA's 1960 Falcon. The Falcon retained the same elegant body style throughout its production, with several substantial face lifts taking place during its lifespan, giving it a...
- Ford FairmontFord FairmontThe Ford Fairmont is a compact car produced by Ford Motor Company for the North American market. Introduced for the 1978 model year, the Fairmont was produced in several bodystyles until it was replaced by the Ford Tempo for the 1984 model year...
- Mercury Bobcat
- Mercury CapriMercury Capri-First Generation :See also Ford CapriThe Mercury Capri was built in Cologne, Germany, and was sold through Lincoln-Mercury dealers in North America. The European Capri was first sold in the US in April 1970 and carried the Mercury marque identification as Ford already had a Mustang for the same...
- Ford Mustang II
- Mercury ZephyrMercury ZephyrThe Mercury Zephyr is a compact car sold by the Lincoln-Mercury division of Ford Motor Company for the North American market. Introduced as a replacement for the Mercury Comet, it was produced from 1978 to 1983...
- 1983–1986 Ford LTD (Optional)
- Ford Aerostar
- Turbo
- 1979–1980 Ford Mustang, Mercury Capri (carbureted)
- 1980 Ford Fairmont, Mercury Zephyr (carbureted)
- 1985–1989 Merkur XR4TiMerkur XR4TiThe Merkur XR4Ti was a short-lived United States and Canada-market version of the European Ford Sierra XR4i. It was the brainchild of then Ford Vice President Bob Lutz. It was sold in the US from 1985 to 1989. It was the first vehicle of Ford's Merkur range, followed in 1988 by the Merkur Scorpio...
- 1983–1986 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe
- 1984–1986 Mercury Cougar XR7
- 1983–1984 Mustang TurboGT (W Code)
- 1983–1984 Capri Turbo RS
- Turbo/Intercooler
- 1987–1988 Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe
- 1984–1986 Ford MustangFord MustangThe Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, as a "1964½" model, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A...
SVO
- used as a conversion engine on VW based cars like SandrailSandrailA sandrail, or sand rail, or sandcar, or "rail" is a lightweight motor vehicle specifically built for traveling across a wide variety of off-road terrain. Sandrails are popularly operated on actual sand dunes, such as Glamis, Pismo and Rasor in California, St...
and Baja BugBaja BugThe term Baja Bug generally refers to an original Volkswagen Beetle modified to operate off-road , although other versions of air-cooled Volkswagens are sometimes modified as well.-History:...
2.5 (LL25)
A stroked (by 7 mm) version of the 2.3 OHC Ford RangerFord Ranger (North America)
The Ford Ranger is a pickup truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. The "Ranger" name had previously been used for a premium styling package on the F-Series full-sized pickup trucks since 1965. The name was moved to this line of North American compact trucks for the 1983 model year.In North...
engine appeared in 1998. It also used higher-flow cylinder heads for better intake and combustion. Output was 89 kW (119 hp) and 202 N·m (149 ft·lbf). It was replaced in 2001 by the Mazda-derived Duratec 23, but Ford Power Products continues to sell this engine as the LRG-425.
Applications:
- 1998–2001 Ford RangerFord Ranger (North America)The Ford Ranger is a pickup truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. The "Ranger" name had previously been used for a premium styling package on the F-Series full-sized pickup trucks since 1965. The name was moved to this line of North American compact trucks for the 1983 model year.In North...
- 1998–2001 Mazda B2500
DOHC
A 16-valve DOHC variant of the Pinto engine was not developed before 1984. Instead Michael Costin and Keith Duckworth of CosworthCosworth
Cosworth is a high performance engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in engines and electronics for automobile racing , mainstream automotive and defence industries...
Engineering introduced the 16-valve DOHC unit based on Ford earlier Kent X-flow engine. Although only 1.6 and 1.8 versions of the so-called Cosworth BDA (Belt Driven A-type) were put into volume production, the rally Escorts were homologated within the 2000 cc class. This allowed further boring and stroking to gain several more HP for the 2-litre works cars.
1.6
The 1.6 L (1601 cc) DOHC engine used an 81.0 mm (3.19 in) bore and 77.62 mm (3.06 in) stroke. It produced 88 kW (120 hp) and 152 N·m (112 ft·lbf).1.8
The 1.8 L (1845 cc) DOHC engine used an 86.8 mm (3.42 in) bore and 77.62 mm (3.06 in) stroke. It produced 86 kW (115 hp) and 163 N·m (120 ft·lbf).Applications:
- 1971 Ford Escort RS1600
- 1975 Ford Escort RS1800