Fort Rowner
Encyclopedia
Fort Rowner is one of the Palmerston Forts
, in Gosport
, England. It is now an English Heritage property.
Built circa 1858 as part of the outer defence line for Gosport along with Fort Brockhurst
and Fort Elson to the North East and Fort Grange
and Fort Gomer
to the South West. The fort was later used as a barracks and then by the Royal Navy as a Degaussing establishment. In 1916 it was armed with a 6-pounder Hotchkiss heavy anti aircraft gun.
Fort Rowner was designed by William Crossman
to protect Portsmouth. With its formidable fire-power, its main purpose was to guard the approach from potential landing areas on the south Hampshire coast.
According to the record plans of Fort Grange, the estimated costs of Rowner, Brockhurst and Grange were £300,000 whilst the actual costs were :- Rowner £52,994, Brockhurst £51.514, Grange £60,676, a total of £169,228 charged to the vote and £2,956 to the loan. The contractor was Mr. Piper.
During the construction of Fort Rowner in 1861 fractures were discovered in some of the arches of the left flank and keep. The former was reconstructed and tie rods were inserted to remedy the faults in the keep.
Forts Brockhurst, Grange and Rowner were designed on the plan of a detached bastion with an obtuse salient. Each fort was excavated from the level, the earth excavated from the ditch being used to build the ramparts and the redan. The three forts were constructed as nearly as possible on a straight line so securing their fronts from the effects of enfilade. They were intended as bastions affording each other mutual support but, as the ditches of one could not be flanked by the other, caponiers were necessary at the angles. Rowner was condemned as faulty by the Inspector of Works and the contractor was fired in 1862. The work was taken over by the Royal Engineers and completed using military labour at a cost of £1,561 to correct the faults.
A feature of the three new Gosport Advanced Line forts was the circular keep placed centrally to the rear. It was still argued in military circles that a keep, although considered by some to be an unnecessary hang-over from the medieval period, was still needed to protect the unfortunate survivors of a fort that had been overrun by the enemy from the overzealous excesses of a victorious army.
The fort was intended to be armed with 53 heavy guns; 19 of these were on the faces, 16 on the flanks, a lower tier of 9 guns in each flanking gallery under the ramparts with a further 30 lighter guns in the keep and caponiers besides 4 x 13-inch mortars on the parade ground. The site plan for the Gosport Advanced Forts lists the following armament :-
Redoubt and Haxo
11 x 8-inch S.B.
Left flank & caponier (2 Haxo)
13 x 8-inch S.B.
Centre Caponier
6 x 8-inch S.B.
Right flank & caponier (2 Haxo)
13 x 8-inch S.B.
Left & Right shoulders terreplein
2 x 40-pr. Armstrong
Parade
4 x 13-inch mortars
In 1886 Fort Brockhurst had mounted:
13 x 8-inch Smooth Bore (S.B.) guns,
16 x 7-inch Rifled Breech Loaders (R.B.L.s) and
4 x 64 pounder Rifled Muzzle Loaders (R.M.L.s)
The armament of the fort remained until 1902 when all of the Gosport Advanced Line forts were disarmed.
Both Fort Grange and Fort Rowner were incorporated into H.M.S. Siskin in 1945 when the R.A.F. moved out. This in turn became Sultan in 1956 and the forts are still within their jurisdiction. At the time of writing Grange is still in use but is much modified. Its moat has been completely filled in and its casemates denuded of their earth rampart and escarp. Rowner was heavily overgrown for many years until the Navy, at a cost of £400,000, cleared its ramparts and the roof of the keep in 1994. The keep is mostly derelict but its moat still holds water.
After April 1947 Rowner was briefly home to the Naval Air Medical School. Its static decompression chamber was installed in the fort by October 1947 and a second chamber arrived from Rosyth in July 1951. Shortly after the facility was transferred to Seafield Park. The fort then became home to the Royal Navy Degaussing Establishment for over twenty years. This facility remained until 1991.
The fort is inside HMS Sultan naval base and it is only opened to the public once a year under the banner of "Heritage Open Week".
Palmerston Forts
The Palmerston Forts are a group of forts and associated structures, around the coast of Britain.The forts were built during the Victorian period on the recommendations of the 1860 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, following concerns about the strength of the French Navy, and...
, in Gosport
Gosport
Gosport is a town, district and borough situated on the south coast of England, within the county of Hampshire. It has approximately 80,000 permanent residents with a further 5,000-10,000 during the summer months...
, England. It is now an English Heritage property.
Built circa 1858 as part of the outer defence line for Gosport along with Fort Brockhurst
Fort Brockhurst
Fort Brockhurst is one of the Palmerston Forts, in Gosport, England. It is now an English Heritage property.Fort Brockhurst was designed by William Crossman in the 19th century to protect Portsmouth...
and Fort Elson to the North East and Fort Grange
Fort Grange
Fort Grange is one of the Palmerston Forts, in Gosport, England. After Gomer and Elson forts had been approved in 1852, further consideration led to a decision to fill the gap between them by three more forts, and Grange is the most southerly of the three...
and Fort Gomer
Fort Gomer
Fort Gomer was one of the Palmerston Forts, in Gosport, England, the southernmost and first-built polygonal land fort in the defence line to the west of Gosport. It was located on land immediately to the west of the present Gomer Lane. Fort Gomer was the most southerly fort in the line of five...
to the South West. The fort was later used as a barracks and then by the Royal Navy as a Degaussing establishment. In 1916 it was armed with a 6-pounder Hotchkiss heavy anti aircraft gun.
Fort Rowner was designed by William Crossman
William Crossman
Sir William Crossman K.C.M.G. was an officer in the Royal Engineers and a Liberal and Liberal Unionist politician.Crossman was born at Isleworth, Middlesex, the son of Robert Crossman and his wife Sarah...
to protect Portsmouth. With its formidable fire-power, its main purpose was to guard the approach from potential landing areas on the south Hampshire coast.
According to the record plans of Fort Grange, the estimated costs of Rowner, Brockhurst and Grange were £300,000 whilst the actual costs were :- Rowner £52,994, Brockhurst £51.514, Grange £60,676, a total of £169,228 charged to the vote and £2,956 to the loan. The contractor was Mr. Piper.
During the construction of Fort Rowner in 1861 fractures were discovered in some of the arches of the left flank and keep. The former was reconstructed and tie rods were inserted to remedy the faults in the keep.
Forts Brockhurst, Grange and Rowner were designed on the plan of a detached bastion with an obtuse salient. Each fort was excavated from the level, the earth excavated from the ditch being used to build the ramparts and the redan. The three forts were constructed as nearly as possible on a straight line so securing their fronts from the effects of enfilade. They were intended as bastions affording each other mutual support but, as the ditches of one could not be flanked by the other, caponiers were necessary at the angles. Rowner was condemned as faulty by the Inspector of Works and the contractor was fired in 1862. The work was taken over by the Royal Engineers and completed using military labour at a cost of £1,561 to correct the faults.
A feature of the three new Gosport Advanced Line forts was the circular keep placed centrally to the rear. It was still argued in military circles that a keep, although considered by some to be an unnecessary hang-over from the medieval period, was still needed to protect the unfortunate survivors of a fort that had been overrun by the enemy from the overzealous excesses of a victorious army.
The fort was intended to be armed with 53 heavy guns; 19 of these were on the faces, 16 on the flanks, a lower tier of 9 guns in each flanking gallery under the ramparts with a further 30 lighter guns in the keep and caponiers besides 4 x 13-inch mortars on the parade ground. The site plan for the Gosport Advanced Forts lists the following armament :-
Redoubt and Haxo
11 x 8-inch S.B.
Left flank & caponier (2 Haxo)
13 x 8-inch S.B.
Centre Caponier
6 x 8-inch S.B.
Right flank & caponier (2 Haxo)
13 x 8-inch S.B.
Left & Right shoulders terreplein
2 x 40-pr. Armstrong
Parade
4 x 13-inch mortars
In 1886 Fort Brockhurst had mounted:
13 x 8-inch Smooth Bore (S.B.) guns,
16 x 7-inch Rifled Breech Loaders (R.B.L.s) and
4 x 64 pounder Rifled Muzzle Loaders (R.M.L.s)
The armament of the fort remained until 1902 when all of the Gosport Advanced Line forts were disarmed.
Both Fort Grange and Fort Rowner were incorporated into H.M.S. Siskin in 1945 when the R.A.F. moved out. This in turn became Sultan in 1956 and the forts are still within their jurisdiction. At the time of writing Grange is still in use but is much modified. Its moat has been completely filled in and its casemates denuded of their earth rampart and escarp. Rowner was heavily overgrown for many years until the Navy, at a cost of £400,000, cleared its ramparts and the roof of the keep in 1994. The keep is mostly derelict but its moat still holds water.
After April 1947 Rowner was briefly home to the Naval Air Medical School. Its static decompression chamber was installed in the fort by October 1947 and a second chamber arrived from Rosyth in July 1951. Shortly after the facility was transferred to Seafield Park. The fort then became home to the Royal Navy Degaussing Establishment for over twenty years. This facility remained until 1991.
The fort is inside HMS Sultan naval base and it is only opened to the public once a year under the banner of "Heritage Open Week".