Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt
Encyclopedia
The Eleventh Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Middle Kingdom
, though this dynasty overlaps partially with either (or both of) the Thirteenth Dynasty
or the Fifteenth Dynasty
, during the Second Intermediate Period
.
It is associated with the Delta region
of Egypt, and may have ruled from Xois
, though for only little more than 100 years. Its rulers may have been related to the Hyksos
, though they are very frequently identified as being of Semitic origin, owing to the distinct origins of the names of some of their Kings, like Yakobaam or Yaqub-Har.
As many as 76 kings are known from various king lists (from Manetho
; the Turin Royal Canon gives 32), but only a few are attested in contemporary sources, so some may not have been actual rulers (eg some may be pseudonyms of other rulers). Most likely, many of these ruled concurrently over different parts of the Delta.
Known rulers, in the History of Egypt
, for this Dynasty include:
Several other rulers may be dated to the 14th dynasty or the 15th dynasty:
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, between 2055 BC and 1650 BC, although some writers include the Thirteenth and Fourteenth dynasties in the Second Intermediate...
, though this dynasty overlaps partially with either (or both of) the Thirteenth Dynasty
Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt
The thirteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom. Other writers separate it from these dynasties and join it to Dynasties XIV through XVII as part of the Second Intermediate Period...
or the Fifteenth Dynasty
Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt
The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Fifteenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1650 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...
, during the Second Intermediate Period
Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom...
.
It is associated with the Delta region
Nile Delta
The Nile Delta is the delta formed in Northern Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas—from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east, it covers some 240 km of Mediterranean coastline—and is a rich...
of Egypt, and may have ruled from Xois
Xois
Xois was a town of great antiquity and considerable size. Situated nearly in the center of the Nile Delta in Egypt, it is identified as the ancient Egyptian city of Khasut or Khaset or Sakha.-History:Xois sat upon an island formed by the Sebennytic and Phatnitic branches of the Nile...
, though for only little more than 100 years. Its rulers may have been related to the Hyksos
Hyksos
The Hyksos were an Asiatic people who took over the eastern Nile Delta during the twelfth dynasty, initiating the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt....
, though they are very frequently identified as being of Semitic origin, owing to the distinct origins of the names of some of their Kings, like Yakobaam or Yaqub-Har.
As many as 76 kings are known from various king lists (from Manetho
Manetho
Manetho was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolemaic era, approximately during the 3rd century BC. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca...
; the Turin Royal Canon gives 32), but only a few are attested in contemporary sources, so some may not have been actual rulers (eg some may be pseudonyms of other rulers). Most likely, many of these ruled concurrently over different parts of the Delta.
Known rulers, in the History of Egypt
History of Egypt
Egyptian history can be roughly divided into the following periods:*Prehistoric Egypt*Ancient Egypt**Early Dynastic Period of Egypt: 31st to 27th centuries BC**Old Kingdom of Egypt: 27th to 22nd centuries BC...
, for this Dynasty include:
- NehesyNehesyNehesy was a ruler traditionally placed in the 14th Dynasty of Egypt of the Second Intermediate Period.-Attestation:His name is also known from scarabs. Arguably, he is the best-known ruler of the 14th Dynasty...
(or Nehesi) left his name on two monuments at AvarisAvarisAvaris , capital of Egypt under the Hyksos , was located near modern Tell el-Dab'a in the northeastern region of the Nile Delta, at the juncture of the 8th, 14th, 19th and 20th Nomes...
. His name means "NubiaNubiaNubia is a region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.There were a number of small Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the last of which collapsed in 1504, when Nubia became divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate resulting in the Arabization...
n" in Egyptian. - Sekheperenre
- Merdjefare. Attested by a single stela from Saft al-Hinna, in the Delta
Several other rulers may be dated to the 14th dynasty or the 15th dynasty:
- Sekhaenre Yakbim
- Ya'ammu
- Qareh (or Qar)
- 'Ammu
- Maaibre SheshiSheshiMaaibre Sheshi was a pharaoh of Egypt during Egypt's fragmented Second Intermediate Period. Sheshi is difficult to precisely place chronologically. While he is usually described as the founder of the 15th dynasty, this suggestion does not appear tenable since the early Hyksos kings such as...
- AperanatAperanatAperanat, also written Aper-anat, actually Aper-en-a-ti, is the birth name of an ancient Egyptian minor king or prince of the Second Intermediate Period , who has yet to be exactly placed within this epoch.- Documentary evidence :...
- Samuqenu
- Meruserre Yaqub-Har