Francesco Antonio Zaccaria
Encyclopedia
Francesco Antonio Zaccaria (March 27, 1714, Venice
- October 10, 1795, Rome
) was an Italian
theologian
, historian
, and prolific writer.
He joined the Austrian province of the Society of Jesus
, in 18 October 1731. Zaccaria taught grammar and rhetoric at Gorz, and was ordained priest
at Rome in 1740. He spent some time in pastoral work in Ancona
, Fermo
, and Pistoia
, gaining renown as a preacher and controversial lecturer. In 1751 he succeeded Muratori
as ducal archivist and librarian of Modena
, but was removed in 1768, owing to his Antifebronio, in which he strenuously defended the rights of the Holy See
.
He was then appointed librarian at the Jesuit professed house
in Rome. Clement XIII allowed him an annual pension, continued under Clement XIV, and increased by Pius VI, who appointed him professor of church history at the Sapienza and director of the Accademia de'Nobili Ecclesiastici. He was a member of at least 19 Italian academies.
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
- October 10, 1795, Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
) was an Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
theologian
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
, historian
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
, and prolific writer.
He joined the Austrian province of the Society of Jesus
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
, in 18 October 1731. Zaccaria taught grammar and rhetoric at Gorz, and was ordained priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...
at Rome in 1740. He spent some time in pastoral work in Ancona
Ancona
Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy, with a population of 101,909 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region....
, Fermo
Fermo
Fermo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.Fermo is located on a hill, the Sabulo with a fine view, on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway....
, and Pistoia
Pistoia
Pistoia is a city and comune in the Tuscany region of Italy, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 km west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno.-History:...
, gaining renown as a preacher and controversial lecturer. In 1751 he succeeded Muratori
Muratori
Muratori is an Italian surname, and may refer to:* Ludovico Antonio Muratori - Italian historian .* Domenico Maria Muratori - Late Renaissance painter.* Saverio Muratori - Italian architect and urban theorist...
as ducal archivist and librarian of Modena
Modena
Modena is a city and comune on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy....
, but was removed in 1768, owing to his Antifebronio, in which he strenuously defended the rights of the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
.
He was then appointed librarian at the Jesuit professed house
Professed house
In the Society of Jesus, a professed house was a residence where - in a spirit of radical poverty - no member had a stable income. The Jesuit priests who lived there, all of whom have professed the fourth vow, undertake their spiritual and pastoral ministry completely for free. With no revenues,...
in Rome. Clement XIII allowed him an annual pension, continued under Clement XIV, and increased by Pius VI, who appointed him professor of church history at the Sapienza and director of the Accademia de'Nobili Ecclesiastici. He was a member of at least 19 Italian academies.
Church history
- Series episcoporum Cremonensium (Milan, 1749)
- Laudensium (ibid., 1763)
- Auximatium (Osimo, 1764)
- Vico Aequensium (Rome, 1778)
- Caesenatium (Cesena, 1779)
- Forocorneliensium (Imola, 1820)
- De' santi martiri Fedele, Capoforo, Gratiniano, e Felino (Milan, 1750)
- Acta SS. Bollandiana apologeticis libris in unum volumen nunc primum contractis vindicata (Antwerp, 1755)
- De rebus ad historiam atque antigitates ecclesiae pertinentibus (Foligno, 1781)
- Raccolta di dissertazioni di storia ecclesiastica (22 vols., Rome, 1792-7).
- Istoria del Concilio di Trento (Faenza, 1797-7)
Theology and canon law
- Thesaurus theologicus (13 vols., Venice, 1762) - a compilation of theological treatises by various authors, arranged so as to form an orderly exposition of the different topics of theology
- De causuisticae theologicae originibus, locis atque praestantia, written at the instance of St. Alphonsus LiguoriAlphonsus LiguoriSaint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, scholastic philosopher and theologian, and founder of the Redemptorists, an influential religious congregation...
and prefixed to the third edition of the latter's Moral Theology - Apparatus omnigenae eruditionis ad theologiam et jus canonicum (Rome, 1773)
Polemics
- Antifebronio (Pesaro, 1767), Latin edition (Cesena, 1771-2 and in MigneMignéMigné is a commune in the Indre department in central France.-References:*...
, Theol. Cursus Completus, XXVII, 463-1300) - Storia polemica del celibato sacro (Rome, 1774), German translation by Pius John (1783)
- Storia polemica delle proibizione de' libri (Rome, 1777)
- Difesa di tre Sommi Pontefici Benedetto XIII, Benedetto XIV, e Clemente XIII, e del Concilio Romano tenuto nel 1775 (Ravenna, 1784)
Liturgy
- Dell' anno santo (Rome, 1774)
- Bibliotheca ritualis (2 vols., Rome, 1776-8)
- Nuovo effermerologio universale (Rome, 1780)
- Onomasticon rituale selectum (Fäenza, 1787)
Archaeology
- istituzione antiquario-lapidaria (Rome, 1770)
- Istituzione antiguario-numismatica (Rome, 1772)
Literary history
- Storia Letteraria d'Italia (14 vols., Modena, 1750-57) - a literary review edited by Zaccaria with the assistance of Leonard Ximenes, Dominicus Froili, and Joachim Gabardi
- Excursus litterarii per Italiam (Venice, 1754)
- Iter Litterarium per Italiam (Venice, 1762)
- Saggio critico della corrente letteratura straniera (3 vols., Modena, 1576), written by Zaccaria, with Gabardi and Froili
- Annali letterarii d'Italia (3 vols., Modena, 1762-3)
- Biblioteca antica e moderna di storia letteraria (3 vols., Pesaro, 1766-8)
Annotated editions
- Jacobus Menochius (the jurist Giacomo Menochio), Commentarius totius s. Scripturae (Venice, 1743)
- DanteDante AlighieriDurante degli Alighieri, mononymously referred to as Dante , was an Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker. He is best known for the monumental epic poem La commedia, later named La divina commedia ...
, La Divina Comedia (Verona, 1749) - TamburiniMichelangelo TamburiniMichelangelo Tamburini , was an Italian Jesuit, who was elected fourteenth Superior General of the Society of Jesus from January 31, 1706 to February 28, 1730....
, Theologia Moralis (Venice, 1755) - BusenbaumHermann BusenbaumHermann Busenbaum , Jesuit theologian, was born at Nottelen in Westphalia .He attained fame as a master of casuistry, and out of his lectures to students at Cologne grew his celebrated book Medulla theologiae moralis, facili ac perspicua methodo resolvens casus conscientiae...
and Lacroix, Theologia Moralis (1755) - Domenico VivaDomenico Viva-Life:He was born at Lecce, and entered the Society of Jesus 12 May 1663. He taught he humanities and Greek, nine years' philosophy, eight years moral theology, eight years' Scholastic theology, was two years prefect of studies, was rector of the College of Naples in 1711, and provincial of...
, Opuscula omnis theologico-moralia (Ferrara, 1757) - Louis AbellyLouis AbellyLouis Abelly was Vicar-General of Bayonne, a parish priest in Paris, and subsequently Bishop of Rodez in 1664, but in 1666 abdicated and attached himself to St. Vincent de Paul in the House of St. Lazare, Paris . His ascetical works reveal his deep and sincere piety. He was a bitter foe of the...
, Medulla theologica (Venice, 1757) - Petavius, Opus de ulla theologica (Venice, 1757)
- Vitus PichlerVitus PichlerVitus Pichler was an Austrian Jesuit canonist and controversial writer.He studied for the secular priesthood, but after ordination entered the Society of Jesus, 28 September 1696. For four years he was professor of philosophy at Briggs and Dillingen...
, Jus Canonicum (Pesaro, 1758) - Jacobus TirinusJacobus TirinusJacobus Tirinus was a Belgian Jesuit Biblical scholar.His major work is the Commentarius in Sacram Scripturam, a Bible commentary in two volumes from 1645. He also published a chorography, Chorographia Terrae Sanctae in Angustiorem Formam Redacta, around 1630.-External links:*...
(Jacques Tirin), In universam Scripturam Commentarius (Venice, 1759) - Bartolomeo Gavanto, Opera theologico-canonica (Ferrara, 1760)
- Honoré TournélyHonoré TournélyHonoré Tournély was a French Catholic theologian. He was a Gallican opponent of Jansenism.-Life:He was born in Antibes, Provence, to poor and obscure parents. An uncle, a priest at Paris, invited him there and gave him a good education...
, Praelectiones (Venice, 1765) - Alexander Natalis, Historia Ecclesiastica (Venice, 1776-7)
- Lucius FerrarisLucius FerrarisLucius Ferraris was an Italian Franciscan canonist of the 18th century. He was born at Solero, near Alessandria in Northern Italy. He was also professor, provincial of his order, and consultor of the Holy Office...
, Bibliotheca canonicojuridica (Rome, 1748-90) - Pietro Sforza PallavicinoPietro Sforza PallavicinoPietro Sforza Pallavicino , Italian cardinal and historian, son of the Marquis Alessandro Pallavicino of Parma....
, Istoria del Concilio di trento (Fäenza, 1797-7)