Francisco Macedo known as S. Augustino, was a Portuguese Franciscan

Franciscan

Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....

 theologian.

Life

He entered the Jesuit Order in 1610, which however he left in 1638 in order to join the Discalced Franciscans. These also he left in 1648, for the Observantines. In Portugal he sided with the House of Braganza

House of Braganza

The Most Serene House of Braganza , an important Portuguese noble family, ruled the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial Empire, from 1640 to 1910...

.

Summoned to Rome by Pope Alexander VII

Pope Alexander VII

Pope Alexander VII , born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death.- Early life :Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V , he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from...

, he taught theology at the College of the Propaganda, and afterwards church history at the Sapienza, and as consultor to the Inquisition

Inquisition

The Inquisition, Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis , was the "fight against heretics" by several institutions within the justice-system of the Roman Catholic Church. It started in the 12th century, with the introduction of torture in the persecution of heresy...

. At Venice

Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...

 in 1667, during the week beginning 26 September, he held a public disputation, against all comers, on nearly every branch of human knowledge, especially the Bible, theology, patrology, history, law, literature, and poetry. He named this disputation, in his quaint and extravagant style, "Leonis Marci rugitus litterarii" (the literary roaring of the Lion of St. Mark); this obtained for him the freedom of the city of Venice and the professorship of moral philosophy at the University of Padua

University of Padua

The University of Padua is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. It is among the earliest universities of the world and the second...

.

Works

Rather restless, but a man of enormous erudition, he wrote a number of books, of which over 100 appeared in print, and about thirty are still unprinted. They included:

• "Collationes doctrinae S. Thomae et Scoti (Padua, 1671, 1673, 1680), 3 vols. in folio;
• "Scholae theologicae positivae ad... confutationem haereticorum" (Rome, 1696) copied in part in Roccaberti, "Bibliotheca Maxima Pontifica", XII (Rome, 1696) 221-48;
• "De clavibus Petri" (Rome, 1660) partially reprinted in Roccaberti, XII, 113-37;

Controversiae selectae contra haereticos" (Rome, 1663)

• "Assertor romanus adversus calumnias heterodoxorum Anglorum praesertim et Scotorum in academiis Oxoniensi, Cantabrigiensi et Aberdoniensi" (Rome, 1667);
• "Tessera romana auctoritatis pontificiae adversus buccinam Thomae Angli" (London, 1654), also in Roccaberti, XII, 164-220.

He also took an active part in the Jansenist controversy, being at first inclined to Jansenism

Jansenism

Jansenism was a Christian theological movement, primarily in France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. The movement originated from the posthumously published work of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Otto Jansen, who died in 1638...

; but afterwards he defended Augustine of Hippo

Augustine of Hippo

Augustine of Hippo , also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, St. Austin, St. Augoustinos, Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed, was Bishop of Hippo Regius . He was a Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province...

's teaching with regard to grace

Divine grace

In Christian theology, grace is God’s gift of God’s self to humankind. It is understood by Christians to be a spontaneous gift from God to man - "generous, free and totally unexpected and undeserved" - that takes the form of divine favour, love and clemency. It is an attribute of God that is most...

.

• "Scrutinium divi Augustini" (London, 1644; Paris, 1648; Munster, 1649);
• "Cortina divi Augustini" (Paris, 1648 etc);
• "Mens divinitus inspirata SS. papae Innocentii X". (Louvain, 1655);
• "Commentationes duae ecclesiastico-polemicae" (Verona, 1674), concerning Vincent of Lérins
  Vincent of Lérins
  Saint Vincent of Lérins was a Gallic author of early Christian writings.In earlier life he had been engaged in secular pursuits, whether civil or military is not clear, though the term he uses, "secularis militia," might possibly imply the latter...
  
   and Hilarius of Arles, against whom H. Norisius wrote his "Adventoria" in Patrologia Latina
  Patrologia Latina
  The Patrologia Latina is an enormous collection of the writings of the Church Fathers and other ecclesiastical writers published by Jacques-Paul Migne between 1844 and 1855, with indices published between 1862 and 1865....
  
  . XLVII, 538 sq. "Medulla hstoriae ecclesisticae" (Padua, 1671);
• "Azymus Eucharisticus", Ingolstadt ( Venice, --), 1673, against Cardinal Giovanni Bona
  Giovanni Bona
  Giovanni Bona was an Italian Cistercian, cardinal, liturgist and devotional author.-Biography:He was born of an old French family at Mondovì, in Piedmont, northern Italy, on 19 October, according to some 10 October, 1609...
  
  , and at once placed on the Index (21 June, 1673), "until it is corrected", which was done in the new edition (Verona, 1673); Mabillon also wrote against this.
• "Schema S. congregationis s. officii" (Padua, 1676).

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia article