Franklin (New Zealand electorate)
Encyclopedia
Franklin was a rural New Zealand
parliamentary electorate
. It existed from 1861 to 1996 during four periods.
, Papakura
, Pukekohe
and Waiuku
, and west of Waiuku to the West Coast. When reconstituted in 1890 the northern boundary was north of Papakura, and (with the growth of Auckland) now excluded Papatoetoe.
and Franklin South
electorates.One of the first MP's, Marmaduke Nixon
was killed in action
in 1864 whilst leading an assault on a Māori village during the Invasion of Waikato, forcing the 1864 by-election. In 1890 it was reconstituted, to 1978 and then from 1984–87, and 1993–96. From 1978 to 1984 it was renamed the Rangiriri electorate
, and from 1987 to 1993 it was renamed the Maramarua electorate but in 1993 it reverted to "Franklin". In 1996
with MMP, the area became part of the Port Waikato
electorate.
The single-member electorate was first represented by Ebenezer Hamlin
from 1890 to 1893 when he retired. Benjamin Harris
was elected in 1893, but was defeated by a future Prime Minister in 1896. From 1896 to 1925 Franklin was represented by the Reform Party
's William Massey
, known as Farmer Bill, the Prime Minister from 1912 to 1925. Ewen McLennan
then held the seat for one term before he retired, and was replaced by Massey's son John Norman Massey
.
In 1935 Franklin was won by Arthur Sexton
of the Country Party
, but he lost the seat in 1938 to John Norman Massey
, now standing for the National Party
. He held the seat until 1957, when he was deselected by the National Party in favour of Alfred E. Allen
. Alf Allen held the seat until 1972, when he retired and was replaced by future National minister Bill Birch
, who held the seat over the remaining three periods that the seat existed.
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
parliamentary electorate
New Zealand electorates
An electorate is a voting district for elections to the Parliament of New Zealand. In informal discussion, electorates are often called seats. The most formal description, electoral district, is rarely seen outside of electoral legislation. Before 1996, all Members of Parliament were directly...
. It existed from 1861 to 1996 during four periods.
Population centres
The original electorate from 1861 to 1881 included the South Auckland towns of PapatoetoePapatoetoe
Papatoetoe is a suburb in the Auckland conurbation in northern New Zealand. One of the larger suburbs of the area commonly known as South Auckland, it is located to the northwest of central Manukau, and 18 kilometres southeast of Auckland city centre....
, Papakura
Papakura
The Papakura District was the name of a local council territory in New Zealand's Auckland Region that existed from 1989 until 2010. The area made up the southernmost part of the Auckland metropolitan area....
, Pukekohe
Pukekohe
Pukekohe is a town in the Auckland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. Located at the southern edge of the Auckland Region, it is approximately 50 kilometres south of Auckland City, between the southern shore of the Manukau Harbour and the mouth of the Waikato River. The hills of Pukekohe...
and Waiuku
Waiuku
Waiuku is a country town in the Franklin District, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located at the southern end of the Waiuku River, which is an estuarial arm of the Manukau Harbour...
, and west of Waiuku to the West Coast. When reconstituted in 1890 the northern boundary was north of Papakura, and (with the growth of Auckland) now excluded Papatoetoe.
History
The electorate existed from 1861 to 1881 as a two-member electorate, when it was split into the Franklin NorthFranklin North
Franklin North was a parliamentary electorate in the southern part of the Auckland region of New Zealand from 1882 to 1890.The electorate was represented by three Members of Parliament: Benjamin Harris 1881-84, William Francis Buckland 1884-87, and Frank Lawry 1887-90.The electorates of Franklin...
and Franklin South
Franklin South
Franklin South was a parliamentary electorate in the southern part of the Auckland region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1890.The electorate was represented by one Member of Parliament, Ebenezer Hamlin....
electorates.One of the first MP's, Marmaduke Nixon
Marmaduke Nixon
Marmaduke George Nixon was a 19th century Member of Parliament in rural South Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1861 to 1864, until his death in the New Zealand land wars, during the invasion of Waikato....
was killed in action
Killed in action
Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
in 1864 whilst leading an assault on a Māori village during the Invasion of Waikato, forcing the 1864 by-election. In 1890 it was reconstituted, to 1978 and then from 1984–87, and 1993–96. From 1978 to 1984 it was renamed the Rangiriri electorate
Rangiriri
Rangiriri was a rural New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the Auckland Region from 1978 to 1984.-History:The electorate existed only from 1978 to 1984: it replaced the Franklin electorate in 1978, but the name was changed back to Franklin in 1984....
, and from 1987 to 1993 it was renamed the Maramarua electorate but in 1993 it reverted to "Franklin". In 1996
New Zealand general election, 1996
The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was notable for being the first election to be held under the new Mixed Member Proportional electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse...
with MMP, the area became part of the Port Waikato
Port Waikato
Port Waikato is on the south bank of the Waikato River at its outflow into the Tasman Sea, in northern New Zealand. Now a small town with a population of under 300, it was an important port during the New Zealand Land Wars of the 19th century...
electorate.
The single-member electorate was first represented by Ebenezer Hamlin
Ebenezer Hamlin
Ebenezer Hamlin was a Member of Parliament in New Zealand, and an independent conservative.He represented the South Auckland seats of Franklin from 1876 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin South from 1881 to 1890. He then represented the reconstituted Franklin electorate from...
from 1890 to 1893 when he retired. Benjamin Harris
Benjamin Harris (New Zealand)
Benjamin Harris was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand. In 1893 he appears to have been a Liberal Party supporter.He represented South Auckland seats; Franklin electorate from 1879 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin North from 1881. His 1881 election was...
was elected in 1893, but was defeated by a future Prime Minister in 1896. From 1896 to 1925 Franklin was represented by the Reform Party
New Zealand Reform Party
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party...
's William Massey
William Massey
William Ferguson Massey, often known as Bill Massey or "Farmer Bill" served as the 19th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1912 to 1925, and was the founder of the Reform Party. He is widely considered to have been one of the more skilled politicians of his time, and was known for the particular...
, known as Farmer Bill, the Prime Minister from 1912 to 1925. Ewen McLennan
Ewen McLennan
Ewen Donald McLennan was a Reform Party Member of Parliament.He won the Franklin electorate in a 1925 by-election after the death of the previous MP, Prime Minister William Massey; and retired in 1928.-References:...
then held the seat for one term before he retired, and was replaced by Massey's son John Norman Massey
John Norman Massey
John Norman Massey was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party and then the National Party.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1928 to 1935, when he was defeated by Arthur Sexton of the Country Party. He was re-elected in 1938, and held the seat for National, until he was deselected...
.
In 1935 Franklin was won by Arthur Sexton
Arthur Sexton
Arthur Clifton Axford Sexton was a New Zealand politician of the Country Party.-Member of Parliament:He was the Member of Parliament for from 1935 to 1938, when he was defeated....
of the Country Party
Country Party (New Zealand)
The Country Party of New Zealand was a political party which based itself around rural voters. It was represented in Parliament from 1928 to 1938. Its policies were a mixture of rural advocacy and social credit theory....
, but he lost the seat in 1938 to John Norman Massey
John Norman Massey
John Norman Massey was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party and then the National Party.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1928 to 1935, when he was defeated by Arthur Sexton of the Country Party. He was re-elected in 1938, and held the seat for National, until he was deselected...
, now standing for the National Party
New Zealand National Party
The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:...
. He held the seat until 1957, when he was deselected by the National Party in favour of Alfred E. Allen
Alfred E. Allen
Alfred Ernest "Alf" Allen, CMG was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was the seventeenth Speaker of the House of Representatives, in 1972.He unsuccessfully stood as the Hamilton candidate for breakaway Labour MP John A...
. Alf Allen held the seat until 1972, when he retired and was replaced by future National minister Bill Birch
Bill Birch
Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM , usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance for several years in the fourth National government.-Early life:...
, who held the seat over the remaining three periods that the seat existed.
1861 to 1881
| Election | Winners | |||
| 1861 | Robert Graham Robert Graham (New Zealand) Robert Graham was a 19th century New Zealand politician in the Auckland area.He represented the Southern Division electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament from 1855 to 1860, and then represented the Franklin electorate in the 3rd Parliament and the 4th Parliament from 1861 to 1868, when he... |
Marmaduke Nixon Marmaduke Nixon Marmaduke George Nixon was a 19th century Member of Parliament in rural South Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1861 to 1864, until his death in the New Zealand land wars, during the invasion of Waikato.... |
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| 1864 by-election | Theodore Haultain Theodore Haultain Theodore Minet Haultain was a 19th century New Zealand politician and Minister of Colonial Defence... |
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| 1866 New Zealand general election, 1866 The New Zealand general election of 1866 was held between 12 February and 6 April to elect 70 MPs to the fourth term of the New Zealand Parliament. 13,196 votes were cast.... |
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| 1868 by-election | William Turnbull Swan William Turnbull Swan William Turnbull Swan was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand, New Zealand.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1868 to 1870, when he was defeated .-References:... |
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| 1871 | William Thorne Buckland William Thorne Buckland William Thorne Buckland was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand.He represented two south Auckland seats; first the Raglan electorate from 1865 to 1866, when he retired. He then represented the Franklin electorate from 1871 to 1875, when he again retired.-References:... |
Archibald Clark Archibald Clark (politician) Archibald Clark was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Auckland Region, New Zealand. He was the first Mayor of Auckland in 1851. His company, Archibald Clark and Sons, manufactured clothing and was a wholesaler.-Early life:... |
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| 1874 by-election | Joseph May Joseph May (politician) Joseph May was a 19th century Member of Parliament from the Auckland Region in New Zealand.He represented the Franklin electorate from 9 April 1874 to 6 December 1875, when he was defeated.-References:... |
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| 1876 | Ebenezer Hamlin Ebenezer Hamlin Ebenezer Hamlin was a Member of Parliament in New Zealand, and an independent conservative.He represented the South Auckland seats of Franklin from 1876 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin South from 1881 to 1890. He then represented the reconstituted Franklin electorate from... |
Hugh Hart Lusk | ||
| 1878 by-election | Richard Hobbs | |||
| 1879 New Zealand general election, 1879 The New Zealand general election of 1879 was held between 28 August and 15 September to elect a total of 88 MPs to the 7th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 1 and 8 September. A total number of 82,271 voters turned out to vote.The election came about when George... |
Benjamin Harris Benjamin Harris (New Zealand) Benjamin Harris was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand. In 1893 he appears to have been a Liberal Party supporter.He represented South Auckland seats; Franklin electorate from 1879 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin North from 1881. His 1881 election was... |
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1890 to 1978
Ebenezer Hamlin, who had represented the electorate in the previous period, was the first MP again.| Election | Winner | |
| 1890 election New Zealand general election, 1890 The New Zealand general election of 1890 was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the First Liberal government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.It was... |
Ebenezer Hamlin Ebenezer Hamlin Ebenezer Hamlin was a Member of Parliament in New Zealand, and an independent conservative.He represented the South Auckland seats of Franklin from 1876 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin South from 1881 to 1890. He then represented the reconstituted Franklin electorate from... (Independent) |
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| 1893 election New Zealand general election, 1893 The New Zealand general election of 1893 was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 12th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
Benjamin Harris Benjamin Harris (New Zealand) Benjamin Harris was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand. In 1893 he appears to have been a Liberal Party supporter.He represented South Auckland seats; Franklin electorate from 1879 to 1881; and then the replacement electorate of Franklin North from 1881. His 1881 election was... (Liberal New Zealand Liberal Party The New Zealand Liberal Party is generally regarded as having been the first real political party in New Zealand. It governed from 1891 until 1912. Out of office, the Liberals gradually found themselves pressed between the conservative Reform Party and the growing Labour Party... ) |
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| 1896 election New Zealand general election, 1896 The New Zealand general election of 1896 was held on Wednesday, 4 December in the general electorates, and on Thursday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 13th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
William Massey William Massey William Ferguson Massey, often known as Bill Massey or "Farmer Bill" served as the 19th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1912 to 1925, and was the founder of the Reform Party. He is widely considered to have been one of the more skilled politicians of his time, and was known for the particular... (Reform New Zealand Reform Party The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party... ) |
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| 1899 election New Zealand general election, 1899 The New Zealand general election of 1899 was held on Wednesday, 6 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 14th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 373,744 voters turned out to... |
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| 1902 election New Zealand general election, 1902 The New Zealand general election of 1902 was held on Tuesday, 25 November in the general electorates, and on Monday, 22 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 15th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1905 election New Zealand general election, 1905 The New Zealand general election of 1905 was held on Wednesday, 6 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 16th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1908 election New Zealand general election, 1908 The New Zealand general election of 1908 was held on Tuesday, 17 November, 24 November and 1 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 2 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 17th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1911 election New Zealand general election, 1911 The New Zealand general election of 1911 was held on Thursday, 7 and 14 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 18th session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1914 election New Zealand general election, 1914 The New Zealand general election of 1914 was held on 10 December to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 19th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 616,043 voters were registered, of which 84.7% voters turned out to vote.... |
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| 1919 election | ||
| 1922 election New Zealand general election, 1922 The New Zealand general election of 1922 was held on Monday, 6 December in the Māori electorates, and on Tuesday, 7 December in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 21st session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1925 by-election | Ewen McLennan Ewen McLennan Ewen Donald McLennan was a Reform Party Member of Parliament.He won the Franklin electorate in a 1925 by-election after the death of the previous MP, Prime Minister William Massey; and retired in 1928.-References:... (Reform New Zealand Reform Party The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party... ) |
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| 1925 election New Zealand general election, 1925 The New Zealand general election of 1925 was held 4 November to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 22nd session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
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| 1928 election New Zealand general election, 1928 The New Zealand general election of 1928 was held on Tuesday, 13 November in the Māori electorates, and on Wednesday, 14 November in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 23rd session of the New Zealand Parliament... |
John Norman Massey John Norman Massey John Norman Massey was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party and then the National Party.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1928 to 1935, when he was defeated by Arthur Sexton of the Country Party. He was re-elected in 1938, and held the seat for National, until he was deselected... (Reform New Zealand Reform Party The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party... ) |
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| 1931 election New Zealand general election, 1931 The 1931 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 24th term. It resulted in the newly formed coalition between the United Party and the Reform Party remaining in office as the Liberal-Reform Government, although the opposition Labour... |
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| 1935 election New Zealand general election, 1935 The 1935 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 25th term. It resulted in the Labour Party's first electoral victory, with Michael Joseph Savage becoming the first Labour Prime Minister... |
Arthur Sexton Arthur Sexton Arthur Clifton Axford Sexton was a New Zealand politician of the Country Party.-Member of Parliament:He was the Member of Parliament for from 1935 to 1938, when he was defeated.... (Country Party Country Party (New Zealand) The Country Party of New Zealand was a political party which based itself around rural voters. It was represented in Parliament from 1928 to 1938. Its policies were a mixture of rural advocacy and social credit theory.... ) |
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| 1938 election New Zealand general election, 1938 The 1938 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 26th term. It resulted in the governing Labour Party being re-elected, although the newly-founded National Party gained a certain amount of ground.-Background:The Labour Party had won... |
John Norman Massey John Norman Massey John Norman Massey was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party and then the National Party.He represented the Franklin electorate from 1928 to 1935, when he was defeated by Arthur Sexton of the Country Party. He was re-elected in 1938, and held the seat for National, until he was deselected... (National New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:... ) |
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| 1943 election New Zealand general election, 1943 The 1943 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 27th term. With the onset of World War II, elections were initially postponed, but it was eventually decided to hold a general election in September 1943, around two years after it... |
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| 1946 election New Zealand general election, 1946 The 1946 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 28th term. It saw the governing Labour Party re-elected, but by a substantially narrower margin than in the three previous elections... |
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| 1949 election New Zealand general election, 1949 The 1949 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 29th term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the opposition National Party... |
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| 1951 election New Zealand general election, 1951 The 1951 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 30th term. It saw the governing National Party remain in office, increasing its lead over the opposition Labour Party.-Background:... |
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| 1954 election New Zealand general election, 1954 The 1954 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 31st term. It saw the governing National Party remain in office, but with a slightly reduced majority... |
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| 1957 election New Zealand general election, 1957 The 1957 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 32nd term. It saw the governing National Party narrowly defeated by the Labour Party... |
Alfred E. Allen Alfred E. Allen Alfred Ernest "Alf" Allen, CMG was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was the seventeenth Speaker of the House of Representatives, in 1972.He unsuccessfully stood as the Hamilton candidate for breakaway Labour MP John A... (National New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:... ) |
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| 1960 election New Zealand general election, 1960 The 1960 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 33rd term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the National Party, putting an end to the short second Labour government.-Background:... |
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| 1963 election New Zealand general election, 1963 The 1963 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 34th term. The results were almost identical to those for the previous election, and the governing National Party remained in office.... |
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| 1966 election New Zealand general election, 1966 The 1966 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 35th term. It saw the governing National Party win a third consecutive term in office... |
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| 1969 election New Zealand general election, 1969 The 1969 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 36th term. It saw the governing National Party win a fourth consecutive term, under Prime Minister Keith Holyoake.-The Election:... |
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| 1972 election New Zealand general election, 1972 The New Zealand general election of 1972 was held to elect MPs to the 37th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Labour Party, led by Norman Kirk, defeated the governing National Party.-Background:... |
Bill Birch Bill Birch Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM , usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance for several years in the fourth National government.-Early life:... (National New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:... ) |
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| 1975 election New Zealand general election, 1975 The 1975 New Zealand general election was held to elect MPs to the 38th session of the New Zealand Parliament. It was the first election in New Zealand where 18-20 year olds and all permanent residents of New Zealand were eligible to vote, although only citizens were able to be... |
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1984 to 1987
| Election | Winner | |
| 1984 election New Zealand general election, 1984 The 1984 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the 41st New Zealand Parliament. It marked the beginning of the Fourth Labour Government, with David Lange's Labour Party defeating long-serving Prime Minister Robert Muldoon of the National Party. It was also the... |
Bill Birch (National New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:... ) |
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1993 to 1996
| Election | Winner | |
| 1993 election New Zealand general election, 1993 The 1993 New Zealand general election was held on 6 November 1993 to determine the composition of the 44th New Zealand Parliament. It saw the governing National Party, led by Jim Bolger, win a second term in office, despite a major swing back towards the Labour Party. The new Alliance and New... |
Bill Birch (National New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is the largest party in the New Zealand House of Representatives and in November 2008 formed a minority government with support from three minor parties.-Policies:... ) |
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