František Mareš
Encyclopedia
František Mareš was a Czechoslovak
professor
of physiology
and philosophy
, and nationalist
politician
. He was rector of the Charles University
in 1920-21, and member of the National Democrats
.
During the war and after the independence of Czechoslovakia
from Austria-Hungary
in 1918, Mareš became active in the Czechoslovak nationalist movement. He was an active member of the National Democrats, and was elected to the Czechoslovak Chamber of Deputies in 1918. In 1920, he became of member of the Senate, until the next election of 1925. At that time he became influenced by fascism, much to the dismay of the National Democratic leadership. In 1934, he was part of the leadership of the National Front (Národní fronta), later National Unity (Národní sjednocení). He was also a contributor to Vlajka
.
of Henri Bergson
and Hans Driesch. He was a critic of positivism
- book (1903) Idealism and Realism in Natural Sciences. He also defended the Rukopis královédvorský
, which were later exposed as forgeries
by scientific dating methods
.
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
and philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
, and nationalist
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. He was rector of the Charles University
Charles University in Prague
Charles University in Prague is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe and is also considered the earliest German university...
in 1920-21, and member of the National Democrats
National Democratic Party (Czechoslovakia)
The National Democratic Party was a First Republic right-wing political party in Czechoslovakia. It was founded by Karel Kramář in 1919, after the creation of independent Czechoslovakia from the Austria-Hungary Empire...
.
Life
Mareš was born in Opatovice and died in České Budějovice (tomb - Hluboká nad Vltavou). He studied philosophy and medicine in Prague (postgraduate in Vienna).He promoted in 1886. He became a professor in 1890. He became a chairman of the Physiology Institute of the Charkes University in 1895, continuing in that capacity until 1928. In 1914 and 1920, he was appointed rector of the Charles University for one year. He was many times appointed dean of Faculty of Medicine. Honorary doctorate Mayo clinic.During the war and after the independence of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
from Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
in 1918, Mareš became active in the Czechoslovak nationalist movement. He was an active member of the National Democrats, and was elected to the Czechoslovak Chamber of Deputies in 1918. In 1920, he became of member of the Senate, until the next election of 1925. At that time he became influenced by fascism, much to the dismay of the National Democratic leadership. In 1934, he was part of the leadership of the National Front (Národní fronta), later National Unity (Národní sjednocení). He was also a contributor to Vlajka
Vlajka
Vlajka was the name of a small Czech fascist and nationalist movement, and its corresponding publication. The publication itself was founded in 1928, its first editor being Miloš Maixner; the movement became politically active in the 1930s.- See also :* Viktor Dyk, romantic poet and Vlajka...
.
Work
Mareš published his research papers mainly in German and French journals. The papers were oriented on metabolismus, neurophysiology and winter dormancy in rodents. For medical students he prepared great textbooks Všeobecná fysiologie and Fysiologie I-IV. His philosophy was briefly based upon the VitalismVitalism
Vitalism, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is#a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from biochemical reactions...
of Henri Bergson
Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson was a major French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century. Bergson convinced many thinkers that immediate experience and intuition are more significant than rationalism and science for understanding reality.He was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize...
and Hans Driesch. He was a critic of positivism
Positivism
Positivism is a a view of scientific methods and a philosophical approach, theory, or system based on the view that, in the social as well as natural sciences, sensory experiences and their logical and mathematical treatment are together the exclusive source of all worthwhile information....
- book (1903) Idealism and Realism in Natural Sciences. He also defended the Rukopis královédvorský
Václav Hanka
Wenceslaus Hanka Czech: Václav Hanka was a Czech philologist.-Biography:He was born at Hořiněves near Hradec Králové . He was sent in 1807 to school at Hradec Králové, to escape the conscription, then to the University of Prague, where he founded a society for the cultivation of the Czech language...
, which were later exposed as forgeries
Literary forgery
Literary forgery refers to writing, such as a manuscript or a literary work either deliberately misattributed to a historical or invented author, or a purported memoir presented as genuine.- History :The common, or popularly known, instance of literary forgery may involve for example the work of a...
by scientific dating methods
Absolute dating
Absolute dating is the process of determining an approximate computed age in archaeology and geology. Some scientists prefer the terms chronometric or calendar dating, as use of the word "absolute" implies an unwarranted certainty and precision...
.