Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine
Encyclopedia
Frederick III (1238 – December 31, 1302) was the Duke of Lorraine from 1251 to his death. He was the only son and successor of Matthias II
and Catherine of Limburg.
He was not yet thirteen years of age when his father died, so his mother assumed the regency
for a few years. In 1255, he married Margaret, the daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre
and Margaret of Bourbon. Frederick's father-in-law was the Count of Champagne
as well, and marriage of Margaret with Frederick signified the Gallicization of Lorraine and the beginnings of tension between French and German influences which characterises its later history. When Joan I of Navarre
, Margaret's niece, (the daughter of her brother, Henry I of Navarre
), married, Philip the Fair
, the future king of France, in 1284, the ties to France grew. The long-held loyalty of the dukes of Lorraine to the Holy Roman Emperor
had waned in the first half of the thirteenth century and French influence was pervasive leading to its permanent attachment to France in 1766.
During Frederick's reign, he fought the bishops of Metz
until Pope Clement IV
excommunicated him and put his duchy under an interdict
.
In 1257, after the elections following the death of King William of Holland resulted in the contested election of both Richard, Earl of Cornwall and Alfonso X of Castile
, Frederick of Lorraine sided with Alfonso who through his mother Beatrix was the grandson of the Hohenstaufen Philip of Swabia
. The rivalry between the two kings led to little actual combat and after Richard's death the 1273 election of Rudolf of Habsburg and the subsequent withdrawal of Alfonso reestablished unity.
Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine
Matthias II was Duke of Lorraine from 1220 to his death. He was the son of Duke Frederick II and Agnes of Bar and succeeded his brother, Theobald I....
and Catherine of Limburg.
He was not yet thirteen years of age when his father died, so his mother assumed the regency
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
for a few years. In 1255, he married Margaret, the daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre
Theobald I of Navarre
Theobald I , called the Troubadour, the Chansonnier, and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne from birth and King of Navarre from 1234...
and Margaret of Bourbon. Frederick's father-in-law was the Count of Champagne
Count of Champagne
The Counts of Champagne ruled the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne evolved from the county of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I was the first to officially use the title "Count of Champagne". When Louis became King of France in 1314, upon the death of his father Philip...
as well, and marriage of Margaret with Frederick signified the Gallicization of Lorraine and the beginnings of tension between French and German influences which characterises its later history. When Joan I of Navarre
Joan I of Navarre
Joan I , the daughter of king Henry I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre and also served as queen consort of France.-Life:...
, Margaret's niece, (the daughter of her brother, Henry I of Navarre
Henry I of Navarre
Henry I the Fat was the Count of Champagne and Brie and King of Navarre from 1270...
), married, Philip the Fair
Philip IV of France
Philip the Fair was, as Philip IV, King of France from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was, as Philip I, King of Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1284 to 1305.-Youth:A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born at the Palace of...
, the future king of France, in 1284, the ties to France grew. The long-held loyalty of the dukes of Lorraine to the Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
had waned in the first half of the thirteenth century and French influence was pervasive leading to its permanent attachment to France in 1766.
During Frederick's reign, he fought the bishops of Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
until Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France...
excommunicated him and put his duchy under an interdict
Interdict
The term Interdict may refer to:* Court order enforcing or prohibiting a certain action* Injunction, such as a restraining order...
.
In 1257, after the elections following the death of King William of Holland resulted in the contested election of both Richard, Earl of Cornwall and Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X was a Castilian monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death...
, Frederick of Lorraine sided with Alfonso who through his mother Beatrix was the grandson of the Hohenstaufen Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV.-Biography:Philip was the fifth and youngest son of Emperor Frederick I and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and brother of the emperor Henry VI...
. The rivalry between the two kings led to little actual combat and after Richard's death the 1273 election of Rudolf of Habsburg and the subsequent withdrawal of Alfonso reestablished unity.
Family
By his marriage to Margaret, he had the following issue:- TheobaldTheobald II, Duke of LorraineTheobald II was the duke of Lorraine from 1303 to his death. He was the son and successor of Frederick III and Margaret, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre....
(1263–1312), his successor in Lorraine - Matthias (died 1282), lord of BeauregardBeauregard, AinBeauregard is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.-History:Beauregard takes its name from the castle built in 1290 by Gui de Chabeu on a hill overlooking the Saône and the hills of Beaujolais. The castle fell into ruin in about 1735...
- Frederick (died 1299), bishop of Orléans (1297–1299)
- Frederick (died c. 1320), lord of PlombiéresPlombièresPlombières is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège. On January 1, 2006, Plombières had a total population of 9,672. The total area is 53.17 km² which gives a population density of 182 inhabitants per km². The municipality Plombières consists of the villages...
, RomontRomontRomont may refer to:*Romont, Fribourg, Switzerland*Romont, Berne, Switzerland...
, and BrémoncourtBrémoncourtBrémoncourt is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.-See also:*Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department... - Gerard (known 1317)
- Isabelle (died 1335), married (1287) Louis III, Duke of Lower BavariaLouis III, Duke of BavariaLouis III. was duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 until 1296 as co-regent with his brothers Otto III and Stephen I.-Biography:Louis was born in Landshut, the son of Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria and Elizabeth of Hungary....
; then Lord Henry of SullySully-People:* Hugh the Red of Sully, 13th century Sicilian general* Bishop Maurice de Sully , oversaw the building of Notre Dame de Paris; Bishop to Philippe II of France...
; and then (1306) Count Henry III of VaudémontVaudémontVaudémont is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.-See also:*Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department...
(died 1348) - Catherine, lady of RomontRomontRomont may refer to:*Romont, Fribourg, Switzerland*Romont, Berne, Switzerland...
, married (1290) Conrad III (died 1350), count of FribourgFribourgFribourg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and the district of Sarine. It is located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss plateau, and is an important economic, administrative and educational center on the cultural border between German and French Switzerland... - Agnes, married John II (died 1302), sire of HarcourtHouse of HarcourtThe House of Harcourt is a Norman family, descended from the Viking Bernard the Dane and named after its seigneurie of Harcourt in Normandy. Its mottos were "Gesta verbis praeveniant" , "Gesta verbis praevenient" , and "Le bon temps viendra .....
See also
- Dukes of Lorraine family treeDukes of Lorraine family treeThis is a family tree of the House of Lorraine. It ranges from the foundation of the Longwy dynasty, in 1047, to the abdication of Francis III of Lorraine in 1737.See also: Lorraine...