Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Encyclopedia
Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (6 July 1594, Sulzburg
, Hochschwarzwald – 8 September 1659, Durlach
) was a German nobleman, who ruled as margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1622 to his death. He was succeeded by his son Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.
by, among others, superintendent J. Weininger. In the years 1613 and 1614, Frederick V made his Grand Tour
to France
, Great Britain
and the Netherlands
.
In 1622, the Aulic Council
decided to award the margraviate of Baden-Baden to Edward Fortunatus. Disappointed, Margrave George Frederick abdicated on 22 April 1622, in favour of his son, Frederick V. Frederick ruled Baden Durlach until his death in 1659.
After Baden-Durlach lost the Battle of Wimpfen
, the country was devastated by the troops of Tilly. Durlach
and other unprotected towns were burned down or looted and pillaged repeatedly. Frederick V did not receive his imperial investiture
until 1627, and then only under severe conditions. The people suffered unspeakably during this period. In 1648, the plague broke out in Durlach and further decimated the population. The Protestant Frederick V was deposed by Emperor Ferdinand II
during the Thirty Years' War
. Ferdinand II enfeoffed Baden-Durlach to the Catholic
Margrave of Baden-Baden instead. Frederick then retired from politics until the end of the war.
Frederick V married Duchess Barbara of Württemberg on 21 December 1616 His wife died on 8 May 1627 after nine years of marriage at the age of 34 years. Without observing the obligatory year of mourning, Frederick married Eleonore of Solms-Laubach on 8 October 1627. His second wife died on 6 July 1633. After a very brief period of mourning, he married his third wife, Mary Elizabeth on 21 January 1634; she died on 19 February 1643. On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married Anna Maria of Geroldseck, the widow of Count Frederick of Solms-Laubach. Anna Maria died on 25 May 1649 and the following year, on 20 May 1650, Frederick married his fifth and final wife, Elizabeth Eusebia of Fürstenberg.
In 1632 Prince Louis I
of Anhalt-Köthen made Frederick V a member of his Fruitbearing Society
. The Society gave Frederick the nickname the Kinsman and the motto the grape and as his emblem the common grape hyacinth (Hyacinthus botryoides L.). In the Society Book in Köthen, Frederikc can be found as entry number 207.
To evade the Edict of Restitution
, Frederick V joined King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden and he renewed his alliance with Sweden and France in 1635 after the Battle of Nördlingen
. Consequently, Frederick V was excluded from the amnesty granted by the Diet in 1640.
At the peace negotiations in Münster
that led to the Peace of Westphalia
, Frederick was represented by his councillor, Amtmann
John George of Merckelbach from Badenweiler
. Baden-Durlach was returned to Frederick V, but not Upper Baden. He returned to Durlach in 1650 and devoted himself to his studies. In 1654, he promulgated a new civil code, which his father had created in 1622.
Frederick V died on 8 September 1659 at the age of 65 years at the Karlsburg Castle
in Durlach.
. From this marriage, he had following children:
On 8 October 1627, Frederick V married his second wife Eleonore of Solms-Laubach (born: 9 September 1605; died: 6 July 1633), the daughter of Count Albert Otto Albrecht I of Solms-Laubach. From this marriage, he had following children:
On 21 January 1634, Frederick V married his third wife Maria Elisabeth of Waldeck-Eisenberg (born: 2 September 1608; died: 19 February 1643), the daughter of Count Wolrad IV of Waldeck-Eisenberg. This marriage remained childless.
On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married his fourth wife, Anna Maria von Hohen-Geroldseck (born: 28 October 1593; died: 25 May 1649), the widow of the Count Frederick of Solms-Laubach and daughter of Jacob von Hohen-Geroldseck. This marriage also remained childless.
On 20 May 1650 Frederick V married his fifth and final wife, Eusebia Elisabeth of Fürstenberg (died: 8 June 1676), the daughter of Count Christopher II of Fürstenberg. This marriage also remained childless.
Sulzburg
Sulzburg is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the western slope of the Black Forest, 20 km southwest of Freiburg.Sulzburg's lovely, barrel-vaulted synagogue has been completely restored....
, Hochschwarzwald – 8 September 1659, Durlach
Durlach
Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.-History:Durlach was bestowed by emperor Frederick II on the margrave Hermann V of Zähringen as an allodial possession, but afterwards came into the hands of Rudolph of Habsburg.It was chosen by the margrave...
) was a German nobleman, who ruled as margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1622 to his death. He was succeeded by his son Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.
Life
Frederick V was the son of Margrave George Frederick of Baden-Durlach and his wife Juliana Ursula of Salm-Neufville. He was educated in SulzburgSulzburg
Sulzburg is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the western slope of the Black Forest, 20 km southwest of Freiburg.Sulzburg's lovely, barrel-vaulted synagogue has been completely restored....
by, among others, superintendent J. Weininger. In the years 1613 and 1614, Frederick V made his Grand Tour
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transit in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage...
to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
In 1622, the Aulic Council
Aulic Council
The Aulic Council was originally an executive-judicial council for the Holy Roman Empire....
decided to award the margraviate of Baden-Baden to Edward Fortunatus. Disappointed, Margrave George Frederick abdicated on 22 April 1622, in favour of his son, Frederick V. Frederick ruled Baden Durlach until his death in 1659.
After Baden-Durlach lost the Battle of Wimpfen
Battle of Wimpfen
The Battle of Wimpfen was a battle in the Bohemian Revolt period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen. The forces of the Holy Roman Empire and Catholic League under Marshal Tilly and Gonzalo de Córdoba defeated the Protestant forces of General Ernst von Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich,...
, the country was devastated by the troops of Tilly. Durlach
Durlach
Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.-History:Durlach was bestowed by emperor Frederick II on the margrave Hermann V of Zähringen as an allodial possession, but afterwards came into the hands of Rudolph of Habsburg.It was chosen by the margrave...
and other unprotected towns were burned down or looted and pillaged repeatedly. Frederick V did not receive his imperial investiture
Investiture
Investiture, from the Latin is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent...
until 1627, and then only under severe conditions. The people suffered unspeakably during this period. In 1648, the plague broke out in Durlach and further decimated the population. The Protestant Frederick V was deposed by Emperor Ferdinand II
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :...
during the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
. Ferdinand II enfeoffed Baden-Durlach to the Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
Margrave of Baden-Baden instead. Frederick then retired from politics until the end of the war.
Frederick V married Duchess Barbara of Württemberg on 21 December 1616 His wife died on 8 May 1627 after nine years of marriage at the age of 34 years. Without observing the obligatory year of mourning, Frederick married Eleonore of Solms-Laubach on 8 October 1627. His second wife died on 6 July 1633. After a very brief period of mourning, he married his third wife, Mary Elizabeth on 21 January 1634; she died on 19 February 1643. On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married Anna Maria of Geroldseck, the widow of Count Frederick of Solms-Laubach. Anna Maria died on 25 May 1649 and the following year, on 20 May 1650, Frederick married his fifth and final wife, Elizabeth Eusebia of Fürstenberg.
In 1632 Prince Louis I
Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the unified principality of Anhalt. From 1603, he was ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen...
of Anhalt-Köthen made Frederick V a member of his Fruitbearing Society
Fruitbearing Society
The Fruitbearing Society was a German literary society founded in 1617 in Weimar by German scholars and nobility to emulate the idea of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence and similar groups already thriving in Italy, to be followed in later years also in France and Britain...
. The Society gave Frederick the nickname the Kinsman and the motto the grape and as his emblem the common grape hyacinth (Hyacinthus botryoides L.). In the Society Book in Köthen, Frederikc can be found as entry number 207.
To evade the Edict of Restitution
Edict of Restitution
The Edict of Restitution, passed eleven years into the Thirty Years' Wars on March 6, 1629 following Catholic successes at arms, was a belated attempt by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor to impose and restore the religious and territorial situations reached in the Peace of Augsburg...
, Frederick V joined King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden and he renewed his alliance with Sweden and France in 1635 after the Battle of Nördlingen
Battle of Nördlingen (1634)
The Battle of Nördlingen was fought on 27 August or 6 September , 1634 during the Thirty Years' War. The Roman Catholic Imperial army, bolstered by 18,000 Spanish and Italian soldiers, won a crushing victory over the combined Protestant armies of Sweden and their German-Protestant allies .After...
. Consequently, Frederick V was excluded from the amnesty granted by the Diet in 1640.
At the peace negotiations in Münster
Münster
Münster is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region Münsterland...
that led to the Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the...
, Frederick was represented by his councillor, Amtmann
Bailiff
A bailiff is a governor or custodian ; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority, care or jurisdiction is committed...
John George of Merckelbach from Badenweiler
Badenweiler
Badenweiler, a health resort and spa of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilometers from the French border, and 20 kilometers away from Mulhouse...
. Baden-Durlach was returned to Frederick V, but not Upper Baden. He returned to Durlach in 1650 and devoted himself to his studies. In 1654, he promulgated a new civil code, which his father had created in 1622.
Frederick V died on 8 September 1659 at the age of 65 years at the Karlsburg Castle
Karlsburg Castle
Karlsburg Castle in the Durlach district of Karlsruhe characterizes the history of the Baden since 1563. Only the of the historical building still stands....
in Durlach.
Marriages and issue
Frederick V married on the 21 December 1616 with Barbara of Württemberg (born: 4 December 1593; died: 8 May 1627), the daughter of the Duke Frederick I of WürttembergFrederick I, Duke of Württemberg
Friedrich I of Württemberg was the son of Georg of Mömpelgard and his wife Barbara of Hesse, daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse....
. From this marriage, he had following children:
- Frederick VI (born: 16 November 1617; died: 31 January 1677), Imperial Commander and Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1617-1677)
- Sibylle (born: 4 November 1618; died: 7 July 1623)
- Charles Magnus (born: 27 March 1621; died: 29 November 1658)
- Barbara (born: 6 June 1622; died: 13 September 1639)
- Johanna (born: 5 December 1623; died: 2 January 1661), married:
- firstly, on 26 September 1640 the SwedishSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
Commander-in-ChiefCommander-in-ChiefA commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
Johan BanérJohan BanérJohan Banér was a Swedish Field Marshal in the Thirty Years' War.-Biography:Johan Banér was born at Djursholm Castle in Uppland. As a four year old he was forced to witness how his father, the Privy Councillour Gustaf Banér, and uncle, Sten Axelsson Banér , were executed at the Linköping Bloodbath...
(born: 3 July 1596; died: 20 May 1641) - secondly, in 1648 to Count Heinrich von Thurn (died: 19 August 1656)
- Friederike (April 6, 1625; † June 16, 1645)
- Christine (born: 25 December 1626, died: 11 July 1627)
On 8 October 1627, Frederick V married his second wife Eleonore of Solms-Laubach (born: 9 September 1605; died: 6 July 1633), the daughter of Count Albert Otto Albrecht I of Solms-Laubach. From this marriage, he had following children:
- Anna Philippine (born: 9 September 1629; died: 27 December 1629)
- Eleanor (died: 15 November 1630)
- Bernhard Gustav (born: 24 December 1631; died: 26 December 1677), Major General in the Swedish army; later converted to Catholicism in 1665; from 1668 he was prince-abbotPrince-abbotA Prince-Abbot is a title for a cleric who is a Prince of the Church , in the sense of an ex officio temporal lord of a feudal entity, notably a State of the Holy Roman Empire. The secular territory ruled by the head of an abbey is known as Prince-Abbacy or Abbey-principality...
at KemptenKemptenKempten can refer to:* Kempten im Allgäu, a town in Bavaria, Germany* Kempten ZH, a district of the town of Wetzikon in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland* Kempton Park, Gauteng, a city in South Africa which was named after Kempten in Bavaria...
; from 1671 also abbot of the Fulda monasteryFulda monasteryThe monastery of Fulda was a Benedictine abbey in Fulda, in the present-day German state of Hesse. It was founded in 12 March, 744 by Saint Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, and became an eminent center of learning with a renowned scriptorium, and the predecessor of the Fulda...
; from 1672 CardinalCardinal (Catholicism)A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of Santa SusannaSanta SusannaThe Church of Saint Susanna at the baths of Diocletian is a Roman Catholic parish church on the Quirinal Hill in Rome, with a titulus associated to its site that dates back to about 280...
On 21 January 1634, Frederick V married his third wife Maria Elisabeth of Waldeck-Eisenberg (born: 2 September 1608; died: 19 February 1643), the daughter of Count Wolrad IV of Waldeck-Eisenberg. This marriage remained childless.
On 13 February 1644, Frederick V married his fourth wife, Anna Maria von Hohen-Geroldseck (born: 28 October 1593; died: 25 May 1649), the widow of the Count Frederick of Solms-Laubach and daughter of Jacob von Hohen-Geroldseck. This marriage also remained childless.
On 20 May 1650 Frederick V married his fifth and final wife, Eusebia Elisabeth of Fürstenberg (died: 8 June 1676), the daughter of Count Christopher II of Fürstenberg. This marriage also remained childless.