The Free Radical Centre or ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, was established in the 2005 Australian Research Council

Australian Research Council

The Australian Research Council is the Australian Government’s main agency for allocating research funding to academics and researchers in Australian universities. Its mission is to advance Australia’s capacity to undertake research that brings economic, social and cultural benefit to the...

 funding rounds. It is administered from the University of Melbourne

University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...

, and has nodes at five Australian universities; The University of Melbourne, the Victorian Pharmacy College at Monash University

Monash University

Monash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....

, The Heart Research Institute at the University of Sydney

University of Sydney

The University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...

, Queensland University of Technology

Queensland University of Technology

Queensland University of Technology is an Australian university with an applied emphasis in courses and research. Based in Brisbane, it has 40,000 students, including 6,000 international students, over 4,000 staff members, and an annual budget of more than A$750 million.QUT is marketed as "A...

, and the Australian National University

Australian National University

The Australian National University is a teaching and research university located in the Australian capital, Canberra.As of 2009, the ANU employs 3,945 administrative staff who teach approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 7,500 postgraduate students...

 in Canberra

Canberra

Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory , south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne...

. The Centre has over 100 researchers working in all areas of free radical chemistry from material science to biology.

Free radicals are everywhere causing damage to humans, other animals and materials. Chemically they are molecules with unpaired electrons which in pairing cause damage to other molecules. In animals this causes aging, cancer, heart disease, arthritis, diabetes and genetic damage. For materials, this means paint cracking, food spoiling, and material degradation.

Chemists in the Centre are working on all of these above problems, trying to find ways to control free radical damage in order for us to live longer, healthier lives, as well as finding ways to improve common materials around us such as plastics and paints. Examples of the Centre's work include:

• Devising fluorescent nitroxide probes that 'light up' in the presence of free radicals, which may provide an early warning system for paints and plastics, and even human cells.

• Developing drugs which will control hormone levels within humans and animals using free radical chemistry. This will eventually benefit people suffering from diseases such as asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

• Developing nano machines, which use free radical chemical reactions to turn on and off. These machines could provide the newest developments in computer technology, allowing chips to be 90 times smaller than current one.

• Developing drugs that combat the oxidative stress that hearts experience immediately after a heart attack. When a heart attack occurs, extra oxygen is sent to the weakened heart, and this glut of oxygen starts to cause free radical damage. The antioxidant properties of drugs designed in the Centre 'mop up' this excess oxygen.

• Researching into the nitrate radical, which is produced by car exhausts being released into the atmosphere. Little is known about this type of pollution from cars and how it damages the human respiratory tract. These radicals are destroyed during the day through the sun's UV radiation, however, at night the concentration of nitrate radicals in the atmosphere increases. Centre researchers are examining the chemical reactions that nitrate radicals take part in within the respiratory tract in humans, in order to understand how these radical affect human health.