Friedrich IV of Wied
Encyclopedia
Friedrich IV of Wied (1518–1568) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1562 to 1567.
was born in 1518, the son of Graf
Johann II of Wied and his wife Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg.
Friedrich's parents groomed him for a life in the church from a young age. He became dean of the Stift
of St. Cassius at Bonn Minster
in 1534. On August 31, 1537, he became a canon
of Cologne Cathedral
. He later held a number of offices in the Cologne cathedral chapter
, including provost
(1546); Chorbischof (elected December 12, 1548); Thesaurar (elected July 3, 1549); assistant dean (elected August 23, 1558); and dean (elected November 23, 1558).
On November 19, 1562, the cathedral chapter elected Friedrich to be the new Archbishop of Cologne. Friedrich, however, refused to take the oath
approving of the Council of Trent
(the so called Professio fidei Tridentina), not on religious grounds, but because he saw it as an affront to a reigning sovereign. Pope Pius IV
therefore refused to confirm Friedrich's election as Archbishop. Although he was frequently denounced as a secret Protestant in the circles around the pope (one of his predecessors, his uncle Hermann of Wied
, had in fact converted to Protestantism), Friedrich rebuffed efforts by Protestant princes to have him introduce Protestantism in the Electorate of Cologne.
Pope Pius V
continued Pius IV's policy of refusing to confirm Friedrich as Archbishop of Cologne if Friedrich would not swear the Professio fidei Tridentina and threatened to withdraw the cathedral chapter's right to select the Archbishop of Cologne. He ordered Friedrich to resign on August 7, 1567. Friedrich traveled to the papal court
in Rome
to seek confirmation of his election, and was granted an extension of time until November 25, 1567. After great pressure was applied by the representative of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
, Friedrich finally resigned on October 24, 1567.
Friedrich spent his last years living a reclusive life in Cologne
. He died on December 23, 1568.
Biography
Friedrich IV of WiedWied
Wied was a County of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied. Wied was partitioned twice: between itself and...
was born in 1518, the son of Graf
Graf
Graf is a historical German noble title equal in rank to a count or a British earl...
Johann II of Wied and his wife Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg.
Friedrich's parents groomed him for a life in the church from a young age. He became dean of the Stift
Stift
A Stift can be:* a German word for 'pen' or 'pencil'* a German word for a feudal entity under the secular rule of a prince of the church; also in compounds such as Hochstift* a Nordic administrative jurisdiction, under a Stiftamtmand...
of St. Cassius at Bonn Minster
Bonn Minster
The Bonn Minster is one of Germany's oldest churches, having been built between the 11th and 13th centuries. At one point the church served as the cathedral for the Archbishopric of Cologne...
in 1534. On August 31, 1537, he became a canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church in Cologne, Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. It is renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture and is a World Heritage Site...
. He later held a number of offices in the Cologne cathedral chapter
Cathedral chapter
In accordance with canon law, a cathedral chapter is a college of clerics formed to advise a bishop and, in the case of a vacancy of the episcopal see in some countries, to govern the diocese in his stead. These councils are made up of canons and dignitaries; in the Roman Catholic church their...
, including provost
Provost (religion)
A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches.-Historical Development:The word praepositus was originally applied to any ecclesiastical ruler or dignitary...
(1546); Chorbischof (elected December 12, 1548); Thesaurar (elected July 3, 1549); assistant dean (elected August 23, 1558); and dean (elected November 23, 1558).
On November 19, 1562, the cathedral chapter elected Friedrich to be the new Archbishop of Cologne. Friedrich, however, refused to take the oath
Oath
An oath is either a statement of fact or a promise calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually God, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. To swear is to take an oath, to make a solemn vow...
approving of the Council of Trent
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was the 16th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important councils. It convened in Trent between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods...
(the so called Professio fidei Tridentina), not on religious grounds, but because he saw it as an affront to a reigning sovereign. Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent.-Biography:...
therefore refused to confirm Friedrich's election as Archbishop. Although he was frequently denounced as a secret Protestant in the circles around the pope (one of his predecessors, his uncle Hermann of Wied
Hermann of Wied
Hermann of Wied was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1515 to 1546.-Biography:The fourth son of Frederick, count of Wied , Hermann was educated for the Church, he became elector and archbishop in 1515. He supported the claims of Charles V, whom he crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1520...
, had in fact converted to Protestantism), Friedrich rebuffed efforts by Protestant princes to have him introduce Protestantism in the Electorate of Cologne.
Pope Pius V
Pope Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri , was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the Council of Trent, the Counter-Reformation, and the standardization of the Roman liturgy within the Latin Church...
continued Pius IV's policy of refusing to confirm Friedrich as Archbishop of Cologne if Friedrich would not swear the Professio fidei Tridentina and threatened to withdraw the cathedral chapter's right to select the Archbishop of Cologne. He ordered Friedrich to resign on August 7, 1567. Friedrich traveled to the papal court
Papal court
The Papal Household or Pontifical Household , called until 1968 the Papal Court , consists of dignitaries who assist the Pope in carrying out particular ceremonies of either a religious or a civil character....
in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
to seek confirmation of his election, and was granted an extension of time until November 25, 1567. After great pressure was applied by the representative of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Matthias of Austria was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 and King of Bohemia from 1611...
, Friedrich finally resigned on October 24, 1567.
Friedrich spent his last years living a reclusive life in Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
. He died on December 23, 1568.