Friedrich Moritz Brauer (May 12 1832, Vienna -December 19 1904). An Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

n entomologist who was Director of the Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, Vienna

Naturhistorisches Museum

The Naturhistorisches Museum Wien or NHMW is a large museum located in Vienna, Austria.The collections displayed cover , and the museum has a website providing an overview as a video virtual tour....

, at the time of his death. He wrote many papers on Diptera

Diptera

Diptera , or true flies, is the order of insects possessing only a single pair of wings on the mesothorax; the metathorax bears a pair of drumstick like structures called the halteres, the remnants of the hind wings. It is a large order, containing an estimated 240,000 species, although under half...

 and Neuroptera

Neuroptera

The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order contains some 6,010 species...

.

Portraits,

From an assistant in the Entomological Museum at the University of Vienna

University of Vienna

The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...

, Brauer became Custodian of the collections in 1873 and in the following year was appointed Professor of zoology

Zoology

Zoology |zoölogy]]), is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct...

 in the University. He was elected in an Honorary Fellow of the Entomological Society of London in 1900.

Brauer’s first worked on the order Neuroptera, and his first entomological publication, in 1850, was a revision of the genus Chrysopa. This was followed during the next few years by numerous papers on the biology of the order which established his reputation as one of the foremost European authorities on the Neuroptera.

1858 he began studies of the life history of the Dipterous family Oestridae; the result was the publication in 1863 of “Monographie der Oestriden”. An outcome of these researches was the erection of two divisions of the Diptera, based mainly on the form of the pupa. The divisions are Orthorrhapha

Orthorrhapha

Orthorrhapha is a circumscriptional name which historically was used for an infraorder of Brachycera, one of the two suborders into which the order Diptera, the flies, are divided. As the group was paraphyletic, it has not been used in classifications in the last decade, and is effectively...

 and Cyclorrhapha

Cyclorrhapha

Cyclorrhapha is an unranked taxon within the infraorder Muscomorpha. They are called "Cyclorrhapha" with reference to the circular aperture through which the adult escapes the puparium...

.

Subsequent investigations into the metamorphoses of the entire order

Order (biology)

In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

 resulted in the publication of System of Diptera “based upon recent advances in anatomy and embryology”,which appeared in 1883. This was generally regarded as the best arrangement of the Diptera yet proposed. The system which with a review by Dr. Sharp appears in the “Cambridge Natural History” Insects part 1 p.175 divides the class into no fewer than 17 orders, the old Linnean “Neuroptera” furnishing 7 of these.

Brauer next worked on Tachinidae and other parasitic Diptera on which he published a treatise, in collaboration with Herr. Julius von Bergenstamm.

Brauer identified the Phorid flies collected by the German medical doctor Hermann Reinhard

Hermann Reinhard

Hermann Reinhard was a German physician and entomologist. He specialised in Hymenoptera ....

, associated with exhumated bodies from Saxonia, thus contributing to a classic early work of forensic entomology

Forensic entomology

Forensic entomology is the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters. It is primarily associated with death investigations; however, it may also be used to detect drugs and poisons, determine the location of an incident, and find the presence and time of the...

 Beiträge zur Gräberfauna. (Contributions on the fauna of graves.) Verh. k. & k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 31 (1882) 207-210.

Works

• Beiträge zur Kenntnis des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung der Neuropteren. - Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wein, 5: 701-726

• 1863 Monographie der Oestriden. Wien: 1-192, Tab.1-10.

• 1866 Novarra-Expedition: Neuropteren. Wien, 1866. 104 pp. 2 engr.plts.

• 1878 Bemerkungen über die im kais. Zoologischen Museum aufgefundenen Original-Exemplare zu Ign.v. Born's Testaceis Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis.

• 1878 Über einige neue Gattungen und Arten aus der Ordnung der Neuropteren Lin.. Wien,

• 1883. Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. III. Systematische Studien auf Grundlage der Dipteren-Larven nebst einer Zusammenstellung von Beispielen aus der Literatur über dieselben und Beschreibung neuer Formen. 100 p., 5 pls,

• 1892 Über die aus Afrika bekannt gewordenen Oestriden und insbesondere über zwei neue von Dr. Holub aus Südafrika mitgebrachte Larven aus dieser Gruppe. Wien, Tempsky

• 1900 Über die von Prof. O. Simony auf den Canaren gefundenen Neuroptera und Pseudoneuroptera (Odonata, Corrodentia et Ephemeridae). Wien, Gerold.

With Julius von Bergenstamm

• 1889. Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 56: 69-180. Also published separately in Wien
  Vienna
  Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
  
  ,Gerold. 1889, 112 p.

• 1891. Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. V. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars II. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 58: 305-446. Also published separately in Wien, 1891, 142 p.]

• 1893. Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. VI. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars III. F. Tempsky, Wien . 152 p. Also published in journal form, 1894, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 60: 89-240.]

• 1895. Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. VII. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars IV. Wien. Also published in journal form, 1895, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 61: 537-624.

Sources

• Anonym 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (3) 41 73-74
• Anonym 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Ent. News 16 160
• Anonym 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Insektenbörse
  Insekten-Börse
  Insektenbörse was a German entomology magazine established in 1884. It was renamed Entomologisches Wochenblatt in 1907-1908 and renamed again Entomologische Rundschau in 1909-1939. Beginning with volume 26 the journal was published by Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany...
  
   22 45-46, Portr.
• Anonym 1906: [Biographien] - Krancher's ent. Jahrb. 15 196, Portr.
• Contreras-Lichtenberg, R. 2003: Die Geschichte der Dipterologie am Wiener Naturhistorischen Museum. - Denisia 8 47-55, 6 Photos 50
• Handlirsch, A. 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Dtsch. ent. Ztschr. 1905 173-174
• Handlirsch, A. 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 55 129-166, Portr. + Schr.verz.
• Klapalek, F. 1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Čas. Česk. Mus. Praha 2 79-81
• Kusnezov, N. J.
  Nikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov
  Nikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov, also spelled Kusnetzov, Kusnetsov and Kuznetsov was a Russian entomologist, paleoentomologist and physiologist....
  
  1905: [Brauer, F. M.] - Revue Russe d'Entomologie 5 93
• Musgrave, A. 1932: Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775 - 1930. - Sydney 31, Schr.verz.
• Nonveiller, G. 1999: The Pioneers of the research on the Insects of Dalmatia. - Zagreb, Hrvatski Pridodoslovni Muzej : 1-390 152
• Osborn, H. 1952: A Brief History of Entomology Including Time of Demosthenes and Aristotle to Modern Times with over Five Hundred Portraits. - Columbus, Ohio, The Spahr & Glenn Company : 1-303

External links

• s:Dritter Bericht über die, auf der Weltfahrt der kais. Fregatte Novara, gesammelten Libellulinen.