Fritz Heinrich Klein
Encyclopedia
Fritz Heinrich Klein was an Austria
n composer
. He was a student of Alban Berg
and the inventor of the all-interval row.
Klein's twelve-tone theories appear to originate independently of Schoenberg's as with Josef Matthias Hauer
's, and these claims as well as frequent stylistic changes helped to exclude him from the Second Viennese School
, though Klein's theories where highly influential on Alban Berg
. Klein considered his piece, Die Maschine: Eine extonale Selbstsatire, Op. 1 (1921) the first in which a twelve-tone row appears along with its retrograde, inversion, and transposed forms.
An all-interval row is a tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval
within the octave, 0 through 11. For example, the first all-interval row, by Klein: F, E, C, A, G, D, A, D, E, G, B, C.
In integers this row is represented as
0 e 7 4 2 9 3 8 t 1 5 6
with the interval between each note being
e 8 9 t 7 6 5 2 3 4 1
This row was also used by Berg in his Lyric Suite and in his second setting of the Theodor Storm
's poem Schliesse mir die Augen beide
.
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n composer
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
. He was a student of Alban Berg
Alban Berg
Alban Maria Johannes Berg was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the Second Viennese School with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, and produced compositions that combined Mahlerian Romanticism with a personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.-Early life:Berg was born in...
and the inventor of the all-interval row.
Klein's twelve-tone theories appear to originate independently of Schoenberg's as with Josef Matthias Hauer
Josef Matthias Hauer
Josef Mattias Hauer was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is most famous for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale.Hauer "detested all art that expressed ideas, programmes or feelings,"...
's, and these claims as well as frequent stylistic changes helped to exclude him from the Second Viennese School
Second Viennese School
The Second Viennese School is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th century Vienna, where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925...
, though Klein's theories where highly influential on Alban Berg
Alban Berg
Alban Maria Johannes Berg was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the Second Viennese School with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, and produced compositions that combined Mahlerian Romanticism with a personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.-Early life:Berg was born in...
. Klein considered his piece, Die Maschine: Eine extonale Selbstsatire, Op. 1 (1921) the first in which a twelve-tone row appears along with its retrograde, inversion, and transposed forms.
An all-interval row is a tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval
Interval (music)
In music theory, an interval is a combination of two notes, or the ratio between their frequencies. Two-note combinations are also called dyads...
within the octave, 0 through 11. For example, the first all-interval row, by Klein: F, E, C, A, G, D, A, D, E, G, B, C.
0 e 7 4 2 9 3 8 t 1 5 6
with the interval between each note being
e 8 9 t 7 6 5 2 3 4 1
This row was also used by Berg in his Lyric Suite and in his second setting of the Theodor Storm
Theodor Storm
Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm , commonly known as Theodor Storm, was a German writer.-Life:Storm was born in Husum, at the west coast of Schleswig than an independent duchy and ruled by the king of Denmark...
's poem Schliesse mir die Augen beide
Schliesse mir die Augen beide
Schliesse mir die Augen beide is a poem by Theodor Storm, twice set to music by Alban Berg. Berg composed his first setting in 1907, dedicating it to his future wife. The second version was composed in 1925 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Universal Edition music publisher...
.