Fuel surrogate
Encyclopedia
Fuel surrogates are mixtures of one or more simple fuels that are designed to emulate either the physical properties (vapor pressure
) or combustion properties (laminar flame speed
) of a more complex fuel. While surrogate mixtures can demonstrate more than one characteristic of the desired fuel, more often than not different components are required in order to emulate the wide variety of properties that are of interest to researchers. Jet fuel
is an example of a fuel requiring a surrogate for experimental research and numerical modelling due to its complexity and high content variability from one batch to the next.
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed system. All liquids have a tendency to evaporate, and some solids can sublimate into a gaseous form...
) or combustion properties (laminar flame speed
Laminar flame speed
Laminar flame speed is a property of a combustible mixture. It is the speed at which an un-stretched laminar flame will propagate through a quiescent mixture of unburned reactants. Laminar flame speed is given the symbol sL...
) of a more complex fuel. While surrogate mixtures can demonstrate more than one characteristic of the desired fuel, more often than not different components are required in order to emulate the wide variety of properties that are of interest to researchers. Jet fuel
Jet fuel
Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification...
is an example of a fuel requiring a surrogate for experimental research and numerical modelling due to its complexity and high content variability from one batch to the next.
Neat Hydrocarbon Jet Fuel Surrogate Components
- dodecaneDodecaneDodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH310CH3 , an oily liquid of the paraffin series. It has 355 isomers....
- decaneDecaneDecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH38CH3.75 structural isomers of decane exist, all of which are flammable liquids. Decane is one of the components of gasoline . Like other alkanes, it is nonpolar and therefore will not dissolve in polar liquids such as water...
- methylcyclohexaneMethylcyclohexaneMethylcyclohexane is a colourless liquid with a faint benzene-like odour. Its molecular formula is C7H14. Methylcyclohexane is used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for cellulose ethers. It is a component of jet fuel and is also a component of correction fluids.-Structure:Monosubstituted...
- tolueneTolueneToluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, i.e., one in which a single hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule has been replaced by a univalent group, in this case CH3.It is an aromatic...