Fulcrum (newspaper)
Encyclopedia
The Fulcrum is the English language
student newspaper at the University of Ottawa
. The paper dates back to 1942 and co-exists on the bilingual
campus with La Rotonde
, the University of Ottawa's French newspaper. The two newspapers are not simply translated copies of the same material, rather, the two are completely separate -- and sometimes rivalling -- entities.
The newspaper covers news, arts and culture, and sports information relevant to University of Ottawa students and nearby community, and contains a feature article each week. It is published weekly during the school year and less regularly during exam and break periods. By tradition, the last issue published contains a parody publication within; the parody at the end of the 2007 school year, for example, was FulPress; a parody of the Ottawa Xpress
.
The Fulcrum is a member of the Canadian University Press
(CUP), and recently hosted CUP 70 (the 70th annual Canadian University Press National Conference) in January, 2008. At CUP 71, held in Saskatoon during January of 2009, the Fulcrum officially became the sister paper of the Muse at Memorial University.
sociation, and thus became a part of the Student Federation of the University of Ottawa
(SFUO).
In its first year, The Fulcrum was funded almost entirely by alumni donations and published only 8 issues per year. Due to its conservative Catholic editorial policies, The Fulcrum was fairly non-controversial compared to its more outspoken counterpart, La Rotonde
. The inclusion of advertising starting in its second year allowed the paper some slight financial freedom and The Fulcrum continued in this manner until 1946, when it came under the supervision of the English Students' Association and the SFUO. In 1947, The Fulcrum became a member of the Canadian University Press
, a national cooperative linking student newspapers across Canada.
be combined into one publication and renamed The Ottawa. The proposal was rejected, but operations at the two papers were condensed into one workspace in the house the SFUO occupied at the time.
Throughout the 1950s, La Rotonde
and the University of Ottawa administration had a combative relationship, inciting the Canadian University Press
to label La Rotonde
as "the most censored student newspaper in Canada" in 1956. The ill-will between the two groups reached a climax in 1958, when three editors from La Rotonde
were expelled for an article criticizing Queen Elizabeth II. La Rotonde
ceased publishing after this and was not re-formed again until January of 1959. Despite the atmosphere on campus, The Fulcrum continued to publish during this time.
continued to publish unabated throughout most of the 1960s, with La Rotonde
continuing with its outspoken approach, and The Fulcrum often playing the mediator and aiming criticism at both parties. However, this began to change in 1964, when the University of Ottawa administration censored an article in La Rotonde
espousing the opinion that Queen Elizabeth II was not welcome in Quebec. The Fulcrum spoke out on the issue and in an editorial at the time stated that: "We feel that the administration should have given the publishers of La Rotonde
a chance to act. The publishers (the Students' Union) are the ones who should have the right to confiscate an issue of a student newspaper, or any part thereof". Following from this, The Fulcrum became a more outspoken voice on campus.
In 1969, both publications were canceled and replaced with a bilingual monthly entitled Id, directed by Ian Green. The official reason for the cancellation of The Fulcrum and La Rotonde
and the subsequent launch of Id was a lack of student interest in both newspapers; however, it was during this time that Canada was enveloped in the polarizing events of the October crisis
, and many attribute the climate on campus and cancellation of the opposing-language newspapers to these events.
(which incorporated in 1969). The next three decades were quieter and both newspapers were able to achieve a stability on campus, buoyed by the receipt of a guaranteed student levy voted on in a referendum by U of O students.
The relationship between the university administration and both newspapers gradually became more distant during this time, and (as the publisher of both papers) the SFUO began to step in to moderate and control content when needed. However, the ability of the SFUO to pull any content they deemed questionable quickly lead to dissent on the part of both newspapers. The SFUO stepped in several times during these decades to censor issues that were objectionable or could have been construed as libel, much to the chagrin of editors at both papers. Fueled by their lack of control over their publication and an increasing move towards autonomy in student newspapers across the country, editors at The Fulcrum began formulating plans to go "autonomous" as early as 1998, but many stalled attempts meant that they were not successful until many years later.
It was during this time that The Fulcrum moved to offices located between University of Ottawa's Thompson Residence and Morriset Library (later occupied by CHUO-FM
, and now known as the Déjà Vu lounge). In 1989, The Fulcrum was relocated to the basement of 631 King Edward Ave. across from the main campus in a University of Ottawa building.
Beginning in the 2003-2004 school year, the paper began referring to itself as University of Ottawa's Fulcrum, rather than The Fulcrum, on the cover (although it is still commonly referred to as "the Fulcrum" by University of Ottawa students).
In the summer of 2004, recently elected Editor-in-Chief Mary Cummins and Managing Editor Marcus McCann once again looked into plans to become an autonomously incorporated organization. This push was spurred on by the SFUO attempting to pull the Summer 2004 issue of the Fulcrum for featuring a mug of beer and using the term "Frosh" (the SFUO had recently stopped using the term frosh in favour of welcome week and later 101 week due to negative connotations associated with the term). Aside from this, the separation was due to several reasons. The main reason being that the editorial board felt it was an inherent conflict of interest to be owned by the student government while attempting to write fair, unbiased, and often critical stories about them. The secondary reason was that as an autonomous corporation, the Fulcrum was able to directly control its own finances and spur further growth of the paper.
After discussing the situation with then-president of the SFUO Philippe Laliberté, plans were made to begin the process. In October 2004, a letters patent was granted to "The Fulcrum Publishing Society", the corporation that would take over the governance of the Fulcrum, and negotiations between the SFUO and the Fulcrum continued throughout the year. After approval by the SFUO's Board of Administration and many last minute changes to the contract, ownership of the Fulcrum officially transferred to The Fulcrum Publishing Society on June 1, 2005.
The Fulcrum Publishing society was set up to be governed by a ten-member Board of Directors made up of students, community members, Fulcrum staff, U of O faculty, and Fulcrum alumni. Ultimate responsibility for the governance and management of the Corporation was left with the board while the president, who acted as the Business Manager, made decisions on a day-to-day basis. To avoid a similar conflict of interest, provisions were put into the corporate bylaws prohibiting the board from interfering in editorial content unless faced with possible legal action.
After a turbulent first year, the Fulcrum settled into a financially stable position as an autonomous corporation.
Recent changes to the governance structures of the Corporation have led to slight changes, such as the Business (now General) Manager no longer being permitted to hold a seat on the Board, and the roles of the Corporation's executives being clarified.
being run by the Department of National Defence, which those students found objectionable. The meeting was contentious, and the first vote, which came out against the boycott 73-69, was challenged and retaken. On the second vote, it passed by a vote of 93-85, binding the Fulcrum to cease accepting ads from the Department of National Defence as of May 1, 2008.
Most of the Fulcrum's editorial board and staff members were against the boycott.
On February 6, 2009 the Fulcrum held its Annual General Meeting and the topic of boycott lists emerged again. A motion was presented to remove the advertising boycott list and it was passed unanimously by a vote of 38-0.
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
student newspaper at the University of Ottawa
University of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa is a bilingual, research-intensive, non-denominational, international university in Ottawa, Ontario. It is one of the oldest universities in Canada. It was originally established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate...
. The paper dates back to 1942 and co-exists on the bilingual
Bilingualism in Canada
The official languages of Canada are English and French, which "have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and Government of Canada" according to Canada's constitution...
campus with La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
, the University of Ottawa's French newspaper. The two newspapers are not simply translated copies of the same material, rather, the two are completely separate -- and sometimes rivalling -- entities.
The newspaper covers news, arts and culture, and sports information relevant to University of Ottawa students and nearby community, and contains a feature article each week. It is published weekly during the school year and less regularly during exam and break periods. By tradition, the last issue published contains a parody publication within; the parody at the end of the 2007 school year, for example, was FulPress; a parody of the Ottawa Xpress
Ottawa XPress
The Ottawa XPress, currently spelled press on its cover, is an alternative weekly newspaper in Ottawa, Ontario.The paper was initially launched in April 1993 by Jim Creskey, who also founded The Hill Times. In March 2001, the paper was sold to Voirs president and founder, Pierre Paquet...
.
The Fulcrum is a member of the Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press is a non-profit co-operative and newswire service owned by almost 90 student newspapers at post-secondary schools in Canada. Founded in 1938, CUP is the oldest student newswire service in the world and the oldest national student organization in North America. Many...
(CUP), and recently hosted CUP 70 (the 70th annual Canadian University Press National Conference) in January, 2008. At CUP 71, held in Saskatoon during January of 2009, the Fulcrum officially became the sister paper of the Muse at Memorial University.
Early student press at the U of O
The first student publication on record at the University of Ottawa was The Owl which debuted in 1888. According to the initial edition, thesociation, and thus became a part of the Student Federation of the University of Ottawa
Student Federation of the University of Ottawa
The Student Federation of the University of Ottawa is the official student-federated union of the University of Ottawa. It is a not-for-profit organization, incorporated under the Corporations' Act of Ontario since September 1, 1969...
(SFUO).
The Fulcrum debuts
In 1942, The University of Ottawa's English Debating Society published the inaugural edition of their newsletter, entitled The Fulcrum. The newsletter was supervised by Rev. Lorenzo Danis, OMI, and its first editor-in-chief was John Beahen. The premiere edition included as its mission statement the following: "The Fulcrum is dedicated entirely to the interests of our students of today and yesterday."In its first year, The Fulcrum was funded almost entirely by alumni donations and published only 8 issues per year. Due to its conservative Catholic editorial policies, The Fulcrum was fairly non-controversial compared to its more outspoken counterpart, La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
. The inclusion of advertising starting in its second year allowed the paper some slight financial freedom and The Fulcrum continued in this manner until 1946, when it came under the supervision of the English Students' Association and the SFUO. In 1947, The Fulcrum became a member of the Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press is a non-profit co-operative and newswire service owned by almost 90 student newspapers at post-secondary schools in Canada. Founded in 1938, CUP is the oldest student newswire service in the world and the oldest national student organization in North America. Many...
, a national cooperative linking student newspapers across Canada.
In the 50s
In 1951, the SFUO (suffering from serious financial problems) proposed that The Fulcrum and La RotondeLa Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
be combined into one publication and renamed The Ottawa. The proposal was rejected, but operations at the two papers were condensed into one workspace in the house the SFUO occupied at the time.
Throughout the 1950s, La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
and the University of Ottawa administration had a combative relationship, inciting the Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press
Canadian University Press is a non-profit co-operative and newswire service owned by almost 90 student newspapers at post-secondary schools in Canada. Founded in 1938, CUP is the oldest student newswire service in the world and the oldest national student organization in North America. Many...
to label La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
as "the most censored student newspaper in Canada" in 1956. The ill-will between the two groups reached a climax in 1958, when three editors from La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
were expelled for an article criticizing Queen Elizabeth II. La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
ceased publishing after this and was not re-formed again until January of 1959. Despite the atmosphere on campus, The Fulcrum continued to publish during this time.
In the 60s
Both The Fulcrum and La RotondeLa Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
continued to publish unabated throughout most of the 1960s, with La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
continuing with its outspoken approach, and The Fulcrum often playing the mediator and aiming criticism at both parties. However, this began to change in 1964, when the University of Ottawa administration censored an article in La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
espousing the opinion that Queen Elizabeth II was not welcome in Quebec. The Fulcrum spoke out on the issue and in an editorial at the time stated that: "We feel that the administration should have given the publishers of La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
a chance to act. The publishers (the Students' Union) are the ones who should have the right to confiscate an issue of a student newspaper, or any part thereof". Following from this, The Fulcrum became a more outspoken voice on campus.
In 1969, both publications were canceled and replaced with a bilingual monthly entitled Id, directed by Ian Green. The official reason for the cancellation of The Fulcrum and La Rotonde
La Rotonde
La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. The newspaper publishes weekly throughout the fall and winter sessions on regular topics including news, arts and culture, sports, and travel. Previously owned by the Student Federation of the University of...
and the subsequent launch of Id was a lack of student interest in both newspapers; however, it was during this time that Canada was enveloped in the polarizing events of the October crisis
October Crisis
The October Crisis was a series of events triggered by two kidnappings of government officials by members of the Front de libération du Québec during October 1970 in the province of Quebec, mainly in the Montreal metropolitan area.The circumstances ultimately culminated in the only peacetime use...
, and many attribute the climate on campus and cancellation of the opposing-language newspapers to these events.
In the 70s, 80s, and 90s
In 1970, both newspapers were re-instated and continued to publish regularly as services of the Student Federation of the University of OttawaStudent Federation of the University of Ottawa
The Student Federation of the University of Ottawa is the official student-federated union of the University of Ottawa. It is a not-for-profit organization, incorporated under the Corporations' Act of Ontario since September 1, 1969...
(which incorporated in 1969). The next three decades were quieter and both newspapers were able to achieve a stability on campus, buoyed by the receipt of a guaranteed student levy voted on in a referendum by U of O students.
The relationship between the university administration and both newspapers gradually became more distant during this time, and (as the publisher of both papers) the SFUO began to step in to moderate and control content when needed. However, the ability of the SFUO to pull any content they deemed questionable quickly lead to dissent on the part of both newspapers. The SFUO stepped in several times during these decades to censor issues that were objectionable or could have been construed as libel, much to the chagrin of editors at both papers. Fueled by their lack of control over their publication and an increasing move towards autonomy in student newspapers across the country, editors at The Fulcrum began formulating plans to go "autonomous" as early as 1998, but many stalled attempts meant that they were not successful until many years later.
It was during this time that The Fulcrum moved to offices located between University of Ottawa's Thompson Residence and Morriset Library (later occupied by CHUO-FM
CHUO-FM
CHUO-FM is a Canadian community-based campus radio radio station, broadcasting at 89.1 FM in Ottawa, on Rogers digital cable on channel 943, via Real Audio stream and in MP3...
, and now known as the Déjà Vu lounge). In 1989, The Fulcrum was relocated to the basement of 631 King Edward Ave. across from the main campus in a University of Ottawa building.
In the 21st century
In 1999, after several years of a rocky relationship with the Ottawa Gaming Club (who occupied the first floor of 631 King Edward Ave.) The Fulcrum was granted the first and second floor of the building as their new offices (the basement was used as storage by the SFUO). It was also in 1999 that "The Fulcrum" began to make more use of digital technology, switching from more traditional layout techniques to computer layout, and switching over to digital photography, beginning with digital contributions by Steven Meece.Beginning in the 2003-2004 school year, the paper began referring to itself as University of Ottawa's Fulcrum, rather than The Fulcrum, on the cover (although it is still commonly referred to as "the Fulcrum" by University of Ottawa students).
In the summer of 2004, recently elected Editor-in-Chief Mary Cummins and Managing Editor Marcus McCann once again looked into plans to become an autonomously incorporated organization. This push was spurred on by the SFUO attempting to pull the Summer 2004 issue of the Fulcrum for featuring a mug of beer and using the term "Frosh" (the SFUO had recently stopped using the term frosh in favour of welcome week and later 101 week due to negative connotations associated with the term). Aside from this, the separation was due to several reasons. The main reason being that the editorial board felt it was an inherent conflict of interest to be owned by the student government while attempting to write fair, unbiased, and often critical stories about them. The secondary reason was that as an autonomous corporation, the Fulcrum was able to directly control its own finances and spur further growth of the paper.
After discussing the situation with then-president of the SFUO Philippe Laliberté, plans were made to begin the process. In October 2004, a letters patent was granted to "The Fulcrum Publishing Society", the corporation that would take over the governance of the Fulcrum, and negotiations between the SFUO and the Fulcrum continued throughout the year. After approval by the SFUO's Board of Administration and many last minute changes to the contract, ownership of the Fulcrum officially transferred to The Fulcrum Publishing Society on June 1, 2005.
The Fulcrum Publishing society was set up to be governed by a ten-member Board of Directors made up of students, community members, Fulcrum staff, U of O faculty, and Fulcrum alumni. Ultimate responsibility for the governance and management of the Corporation was left with the board while the president, who acted as the Business Manager, made decisions on a day-to-day basis. To avoid a similar conflict of interest, provisions were put into the corporate bylaws prohibiting the board from interfering in editorial content unless faced with possible legal action.
After a turbulent first year, the Fulcrum settled into a financially stable position as an autonomous corporation.
Recent changes to the governance structures of the Corporation have led to slight changes, such as the Business (now General) Manager no longer being permitted to hold a seat on the Board, and the roles of the Corporation's executives being clarified.
National Defence ad boycott
On March 19, 2008, the Fulcrum held its Annual General Meeting, normally a fairly subdued event. However, the 2008 AGM saw a group of students mobilize to try to create an ad boycott for the purpose of stopping recruitment ads for the Canadian ForcesCanadian Forces
The Canadian Forces , officially the Canadian Armed Forces , are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."...
being run by the Department of National Defence, which those students found objectionable. The meeting was contentious, and the first vote, which came out against the boycott 73-69, was challenged and retaken. On the second vote, it passed by a vote of 93-85, binding the Fulcrum to cease accepting ads from the Department of National Defence as of May 1, 2008.
Most of the Fulcrum's editorial board and staff members were against the boycott.
On February 6, 2009 the Fulcrum held its Annual General Meeting and the topic of boycott lists emerged again. A motion was presented to remove the advertising boycott list and it was passed unanimously by a vote of 38-0.
Current editorial board
- Editor-in-Chief: Mercedes Mueller
- Production Manager: Michelle Ferguson
- Executive Editor: Jaclyn Lytle
- Art Director: Mico Mazza
- News Editor: Jane Lytvynenko
- Arts Editor: Sofia Hashi
- Sports Editor: Katherine DeClerq
- Features Editor: Kristyn Filip
- Online Editor: Charlotte Bailey
Editorial boards
| Year | Editor-in-Chief | Production Manager | Executive Editor | News Editor | Arts and Culture Editor | Sports Editor | Features Editor | Art Director | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–12 | Mercedes Mueller | Michelle Ferguson | Jaclyn Lytle | Jane Lytvynenko | Sofia Hashi | Katherine DeClerq | Kristyn Filip | Mico Mazza | |
| 2010-2011 | Amanda Shendruk | Jessie Willms | Mercedes Mueller | Katherine DeClerq | Charlotte Bailey | Jaehoon Kim | Jaclyn Lytle | Alex Martin | |
| 2009-2010 | Emma Godmere | Amanda Shendruk | David McClelland | Laura Clementson | Jaclyn Lytle | Andrew Hawley | Laurel Hogan | Alex Martin | |
| 2008-2009 | Frank Appleyard | Ben Myers | Michael Olender | Emma Godmere | Peter Henderson | David McClelland | Sarah Leavitt | Martha Pearce | |
| 2007-2008 | Melanie Wood | Brian Bosma | Travis Boisvenue | Nick Taylor-Vaisey | Tina Hassania | Ben Myers | Michael Olender | Meaghan Walton | |
| 2006-2007 | Drew Gough/Melanie Wood | Peter Raaymakers | Maureen Robinson | Melanie Wood/Nick Taylor-Vaisey | Travis Boisvenue | Nick Taylor-Vaisey/Frank Appleyard | ? | Jason Chiu |
Editors-in-chief
| Publishing Year | Name(s) |
|---|---|
| 2011-2012 | Mercedes Mueller |
| 2010-2011 | Amanda Shendruk |
| 2009-2010 | Emma Godmere |
| 2008-2009 | Frank Appleyard |
| 2007-2008 | Melanie Wood |
| 2006-2007 | Drew Gough/Melanie Wood |
| 2005-2006 | Drew Gough |
| 2004-2005 | Mary Cummins |
| 2003-2004 | Chris Hilton |
| 2002-2003 | Adam Grachnik |
| 2001-2002 | Jonathan Greenan |
| 2000-2001 | Jonathan Greenan |
| 1999-2000 | Chris Bodnar |
| Publishing Year | Name(s) |
|---|---|
| 1998-1999 | Chris Bodnar |
| 1997-1998 | Stephanie Power |
| 1996-1997 | Laurel Fortin |
| 1995-1996 | Brett Ballah |
| 1994-1995 | Brendan Ziolo |
| 1993-1994 | Roxanne Poulin |
| 1992-1993 | Jean Fulton |
| 1991-1992 | Vincent Laplante |
| 1990-1991 | Sonia Desmarais |
| 1989-1990 | Jantine Van Kregten |
| 1988-1989 | Sîan Reid |
Current board of directors
- President: Andrew Hawley (Fulcrum Staff)
- Vice-President: Devanne O'Brien (Student)
- Chair: Des Fisher (Community Representative)
- Vice-President Internal Communication: Ben Myers (Fulcrum Alumnus)
- Director: Ben Mitchell (Student)
- Director: Alex Smyth (Fulcrum Staff)
- Director: Naushin Vighio (Student)
- Director: Sameena Topan (Student)
- Director: Matthew Conley (Student)
- Director: Vacant (University Representative)
Presidents
| Publishing Year | Name(s) |
|---|---|
| 2011-2012 | Andrew Hawley |
| 2010-2011 | Scott Bedard |
| 2009-2010 | Nick Taylor-Vaisey |
| 2008-2009 | Ross Prusakowski |
| 2006-2008 | Rob Fishbook |
| 2005-2006 | Mary Cummins |
Business managers
| Publishing Year | Name(s) |
|---|---|
| 2011-2012 | Danielle Vicha |
| 2010-2011 | David McClelland |
| 2009-2010 | Frank Appleyard |
| 2008-2009 | Ross Prusakowski |
| 2006-2008 | Rob Fishbook |
| 2005-2006 | Mary Cummins |
Ombudsman
| Publishing Year | Name |
|---|---|
| 2010-2011 | Campbell Moore |
| 2009-2010 | Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya |
| 2008-2009 | Maureen Robinson |